فصلنامه انتظام اجتماعی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

Livestock theft is one of the crimes that endanger public security and hurts public sense of security, mental well-being and health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways of situational prevention of livestock theft in Bandar Gaz city.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-survey study. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The statistical population of the study included 17 villagers and police chiefs in Bandar Gaz city, ranchers, councils, agricultural jihad experts and ranchers' syndicate. The sample size was set at 183 using Cochran formula. After collecting data, the data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics as frequency distribution tables, and correlation coefficient. 

Research findings show that environmental prevention (independent variable) and its components affect livestock theft. More than 50% of community members believe that there is a considerable effect of the components (increased burden, increased risk, reduced benefits of crime, reduced incitement and excuses) on livestock theft prevention.

The explanatory results also indicate that there is a significant relationship between situational prevention and livestock theft. The exploratory results also show that the situational prevention strategies explain 32% of the changes related to livestock theft, which indicate a positive and valuable result of the sheriff's action on livestock prevention with a focus on situational prevention.

The Restorative Justice approach is one of the new approaches to policing and can be realized in many ways. I. R. I. Police organization, on the other hand, is one of the organizations that have more than 20 years of experience in consulting services in the sheriff's office for the purpose of administering restorative justice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Police in the field of restorative justice with the focus of counseling and social working of the sheriffs in Tehran.

In terms of its objectives this study is of a developmental research type, descriptive-survey in nature, and quantitative in terms of methodology. In this study, there were three statistical populations including: Social Deputy Managers and Chiefs of Sheriffs, Counselors and Social workers and Clients of Consulting bureau with a total of 920 individuals. Three samples were selected using Morgan Table and cluster-sampling method. The data collection tools were two researcher-made 5-item Likert-type questionnaires whose reliability was calculated using Cochran formula as 0.924 and 0.935, respectively. Wilcoxon nonparametric statistical tests and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for data analysis. 

The findings show that the performance of both male and female counselors in the restorative justice exercise was high from the clients' point of view, however, the performance of women (3.90) was higher than that of men (3.88).

First, from the perspective of managers and authorities, consultant women are more successful than consultant men, whereas from the points of views of consultants themselves, consultant men are more successful. Secondly, women counselors, among the 36 declared traits, have 16 top personality traits (adherence to the principle of acceptance, effective communication with counselors themselves, respect for self-esteem, etc.) while male counselors only succeed to achieve the top four traits (identifying the problem of the counselors themselves, avoiding emotional communication with the counselors themselves, etc.).

One of the problems of large cities, especially in the area of worn-out texture and their marginal texture, is the problem of security and sense of security. This has negatively affected the quality of life of citizens in these areas. On the other hand, in recent years, research has shown that social capital is one of the factors contributing to increasing citizens' sense of security. In this regard, the present study seeks to investigate the impact of social capital on the sense of security of the worn-out texture's residents of Tehran in District 12.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type, and in terms of methodology it is considered as descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study was residents of district 12 of Tehran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula as 384. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

Research has shown that there is a significant relationship between social capital and citizens' sense of security in the worn-out texture (sig. = 0.000). In addition, social participation with a coefficient of 0.314 and social trust with a coefficient of 0.264 had the highest impact on the sense of social security.

According to the results of the study, by increasing social capital in worn-out textures can help increase security and a sense of security in these areas. They have the greatest impact on increasing the sense of security. Also among the indicators of social capital, social participation, social trust and social relationships can have the highest impact on increasing the sense of security.

This research has been conducted on infertility and subsequently the sense of insecurity and possible divorce. Infertility can lead to sense of social insecurity, social anxiety, worry about the future of the family, and domestic violence. The purpose of this study was to identify the problems that threaten the stability of cohabitation in infertile couples in Iranian society.

This qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 40 infertile persons referring to Ibn Sina Infertility Center during the years 2017-2019. The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin coding paradigm.

The findings of the present study revealed that infertility and its treatment process in itself lead to ambiguity in life, followed by personal, family and social stress and feelings of failure, sadness, loss and anger. These things lead to lower quality of life for people and create a crisis as a result of which people feel insecure in marital life. Unless the crisis is resolved and continued, infertility is considered a serious threat to marital stability and shared realities.

In fact, infertility, as an unforeseen disorder, disrupts the normal way of life and drives them to the negative margin of the normal curve. This negative margin can lead to a crisis and a lack of security. Establishing security in the lives of infertile couples depends on being free of threats and enjoying possible opportunities.

External organizational social capital is considered as the result of a set of resources, dimensions, and components in a social system related to the police force. Since social capital is a phenomenon that is difficult to grow but easily diminishes with the slightest errors, the law enforcement agencies are required to plan and policy strategically to maintain and enhance this capital. Developing appropriate strategies for promoting social capital of the police is one of the most important steps to be taken in this regard. Accordingly, this study seeks to answer the following question: what are the strategies for promoting police social capital in Tehran?

In this study, based on SWOT and qualitative method and using quantitative Matrix of Strategic Planning, strategies have been formulated and prioritized. For this purpose, strategic planning framework was used as a suitable method for answering the main question of this research to present strategies for police social capital promotion. Secondary data were also used as a basis for determining key factors. The statistical population consisted of experts in the field of police social capital, among whom 25 individuals were selected by purposive sampling method.

The findings of this study show that law enforcement has good opportunities and strengths to promote its social capital. Based on the analysis, fourteen strategies were developed and prioritized to promote police social capital. The strategies formulated fall into the category of attacking strategies. Such strategies are developed based on exploiting the strengths of the system to counter weaknesses and use opportunities to mitigate threats, with the aim of maximizing strengths and opportunities (summarizing internal and external evaluation matrices, strengths and weaknesses with a score of 2.756, and Opportunities and Threats with a score of 2.699), which also formulated strategies for enhancing police social capital; based on this, the strategy of enhancing police efficiency and capability in law enforcement, with an attractive score of 6.504, was set as a top priority.

The results show that law enforcement has the ability to plan effectively based on strategies to enhance police efficiency and capability to perform law enforcement missions with an attractive score of 6.504, make maximum use of existing organizational and trans-organizational resources to improve their reputation and improve police dignity, promote legitimacy and popularity, and increase police authority and confidence in the community with an attractive score of 5.499, provide a platform for enhancing the police relationship with the community with an attractive score of 4.843, use tools and new approaches to transform information awareness and promote more comprehensive awareness on the activities and efficiency of the police to enhance their cooperation in order to promote order and security with an attractive score of 4.071, increase police accountability and responsiveness for citizens and social institutions with an attractive score of 3.938, improve police behavioral patterns and make a fundamental change in the field of citizenship with a an attractive score of 3.732, and other strategies.

Investigating the impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on reducing police job-related offenses from the Islamic perspective has been conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of job satisfaction with five dimensions of job satisfaction, superior satisfaction, peer satisfaction, promotion satisfaction and measured rights satisfaction and organizational commitment in three dimensions: emotional commitment, continuous commitment, and normative commitment.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the Islamic management experts and experts in Qom seminary and Amin Police University (178 individuals). According to Morgan table, 123 people were selected as a sample size and samples were selected through simple random sampling method. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Pearson and Beta tests.

Findings show that job satisfaction is associated with reduction of job-related offenses and this relationship is significant in such a way that the results of multivariate regression show that job satisfaction with the value of -0.492%, peer satisfaction with the value of -0.386%, and promotion satisfaction with the value of -0.337% can be effective in reducing employees' offenses, respectively.

The results show that job satisfaction (independent variable) and organizational commitment have an impact on decreasing police job-related offenses. In other words, satisfaction is up to 0.61% effective in reducing job-related offenses in employees with job satisfaction, satisfaction with superiors, peer satisfaction, job promotion satisfaction, and ultimately satisfaction with salaries and benefits.

Currently, social security organizations are using a variety of media to educate people about the needs of the community, and being aware of people's media preferences has a major impact on optimal media use. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the media priority of adolescents and youths in police security-training programs.

This research has been conducted using mixed method. The target population includes adolescents and young people in Hamedan city in 2018; 400 individuals were selected through cluster sampling in the quantitative phase and 40 individuals were selected through snowball sampling method in the qualitative phase. Data gathering tool was a five-option Likert-scale interview and researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85).

The findings showed that the rate of using media by adolescents (mean 3.16 and p <0.01) and youths (mean of 3.24 and p <0.01) in Hamadan were higher than the average; and their media preference for receiving police security-training program was is first in the audio-visual media and later in the multi-sensory, visual, auditory, and written media, respectively. Accessibility, ease of use, diversity, being up-to-date, realistic and interactive features are the most important reasons for adolescent media preference and interest, media habit, attractiveness, creativity, reliability and credibility, respectively, for receiving police security-training programs..

Adolescents and young people are more interested in audiovisual media, especially digital, than other media. Therefore, the law enforcement can consider their media preference for transmitting security-training programs to attract adolescents and young audiences to their educational programs.

A sense of security and a high security factor is one of the indicators of community development and well-being. In the meantime, addressing women's issues because of their precarious position in terms of security and that women feel less secure than men themselves requires specific theoretical and empirical considerations. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the social identity and sense of social security of women in the parks of Ahwaz.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type which has been conducted using descriptive-survey method. The samples were selected using simple random sampling method. A sample of 130 individuals was selected using Cochran formula. The data were analyzed by inferential statistics using SPSS software.

Among the personal characteristics of women, only the variable of their history of residence has an impact on their sense of security, and women's sense of security is not affected by factors such as age, level of education and employment. Principles and criteria of social security affect women's sense of security. Correlation between these two variables is 0.66. The social identity of women and their sense of security are also influenced by each other and the correlation is 0.671.

There was no statistically significant relationship between the respondents' age characteristics, education level and employment. There was a statistically significant relationship between respondents' residence time and their sense of security (0.006). The relationship between social security principles and criteria with women's sense of security was statistically significant (0.007). There is a significant difference between the social identity of women and their sense of security (0.000). Therefore, the relationship between these two variables in the studied parks is confirmed.