فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1398)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of compost, chemical fertilizers, and different kinds of manure and their combinations on soil parameters and watermelon yield in Kerman province (Baft city). A Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication and 9 treatment:1-control 2-cow manure five ton/ha 3-poultry manure five ton\ha 4-compost five ton\ha 5-compost 2/5 ton/ha 6-250 Kg Super phosphate triple/ha,250 Kg urea/ha and 100 Kg potassium/ha 7combination of compost 2/5 ton/ha and poultry manure 2/5 ton/ha 8-combination of compost 2/5ton/ha and cow manure 2/5 ton/ha 9-combination of compost 2/5 ton/ha and 125 Kg Super phosphate triple/ha,125 Kg urea/ha and 50 Kg potassium/ha, was used. Results of Experiment show that effect of treatments wasn't significant on soil pH and bush length. The most and the lowest salinity was measured in compost treatments and cow manure respectively. Fruit yield in five ton poultry manure\ha and combination of compost & chemical fertilizers have highest yield with an average weight of 7220 grams, and control has lowest yield (weight of 5670 grams) among treatments. The effect of compost on soil salinity limited the continuous use of compost in soils which are threatened with salinity stress in Kerman province.

To evaluate the effect of substrates on the growth of the medicinal plant, Rosemary, an experiment in the completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replications conducted in order to Rosemary plant growth. Plant substrates are critical factors in plants growth and their chemical components. Rosemary plants demonstrated significant differences in terms of vegetative growth properties. The maximum chlorophyll indicator was in the palm peat growing medium on the average of 1.54 milligram per liter and the minimum was in the coco chip growing medium on the average of 0.74 milligram per liter. The palm peat growing medium statistically demonstrated significant difference in compare to peat moss, coco peat, and coco chips mediums. The maximum values of chlorophyll a, b, as well as total chlorophyll, carotenoids and the total photosynthesis pigments acquired in the medium containing, peat moss 50% + sand 25% + perlite 25%. The palm peat appeared the maximum number of branches on the average of 6 and coco peat, the minimum numbers of branches on the average of 2, which from this point of view appeared significant statistical difference with coco peat. The palm peat medium containing, palm peat 50% + sand 25% + perlite 25%, due to the lower expense, characteristics such as very low pH-value and appropriate absorption of available water, is a suitable substrate for all plants in particular Rosemary. The application of traditional and locally prepared substrates elevated Rosemary growth.

The use of various molecular techniques to improve plants and fungi requires high quality DNA extraction. In most plant and fungal DNA isolation methods, common techniques that are used include the use of CTAB, enzymes (such as proteinase K), toxic solvents (such as phenol), liquid nitrogen, SDS, or the use of DNA extraction kits each have their own advantages and disadvantages. In most DNA extraction procedures, it is necessary to use liquid nitrogen to make powdered plant or fungi material. It is recommended that no liquid nitrogen be used in closed spaces because its evaporation causes an increase in nitrogen levels in the air, resulting in a decrease in oxygen that can cause headaches, anesthesia or even death. Contact with liquid nitrogen causes severe burns, which can lead to death of organs or even death. On the other hand, the sample of the fungus or plant should be transferred to the laboratory in an ice box, which requires a sample transfer equipment and refrigerator at -40 ° C. In this research, after collecting leave of wheat and Rhizoctonia solani samples, we first put them in unopened paper bags at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C in the oven and dried. Two type extraction buffers were prepared and extraction of heredity materials from the samples was done according to the instructions provided and its quantity and quality was evaluated using spectrophotometric apparatus and using ISSR primers by polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The method presented in this study is a fast, secure, economic and simple approach. This instruction is very useful for isolating DNA from leaves of species of cereals and fungal species similar to rhizoctonia. The results showed that the quality and quantity of extracted DNA was high and its multiplication was very well.

In this study we examined biology of booh that eat leaft of elm with termed Xanthogaleruca lateola coleoptera, chrgsome lidae and also we studied method of control of that. It is perform in garmsar town ship. For this purpose carry out necessary sampling of several ages in period of this growth. Within condition of laboratory collected/ eaf branch possess category egg and piece. During test nursery dampen leaf is secure of spray of wateron them and put egg in anvcobator with temperature 24+2 and dampen 60+ and during period of light 15 hour, we examine state during period of germinal carry out and size depended to medicine in cludde length of medicine and width of capsule egg and etc. according to the result, width of capsule egy end etc. according to the result, winter sample and pass 15 day after farvardin(first month of the persion solar year) with temperature almost 17 thermometer centigrade appearance and begin lay and produce medicine. Then to end of sharivar(6 th month of the Persian solar year) leave 3 whole bungle. Egg observed form of category 4-1 row and in each row eggs was 1-40 between row. During period was 8 days. This pest had 3 ages on during period last almost 27/2 days Pre prers. Chrusalis and chrysalis state depending on breed of bungle that last 9-11/3 days and time of exist of mature insect last between 25-27/2 days. More of loss was depend to period of medicine this was 1-2 days. But mechanic and biology control method and at least chemical method was using lack zolon and tiodan that yet common control method for this pest.

This study for evaluation the effect of glycine betaine and proline on some morphophysiological, enzymatic, growth and flowering characteristics in Pelargonium spp. in drought stress, in factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments, 3 replication and each treatment with 3 plant, a total 117 plant were conducted. Treatments includ reaction between glycine betaine and proline spray each on by two concentration 50 and 100 ppm and drought stress 25, 50 and 75 field capacity, done. Apply the treatments about one month after planting rootstock cuttings in a suitable media, done and sampling and evaluation of the desired traits were also performed at the time of formation of flower buds. Morphophysiological and enzymatic traits of the plant such as air and root fresh weight, air and root dry weight, cell membrance stability index, anthocyanine of petals, total chlorophyll of leaves, proline, protein, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity and flower life on plant were evaluated. The results showed that Control had the most effect on the improvement of traits such as air and root fresh weight, air and root dry weight, cell membrance stability index, anthocyanine of petals, total chlorophyll of leaves, protein, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity and flower life on plant and highest nnd lowest proline respectively in DS 75% Fc+GB50ppm and Control, done. Also Control treatment with 8.6 days was highest and DS 75% Fc+GB50ppm treatment with 4.3 days had the least flower life on plant

In order to investigate the effects of humic acid and application of Tiobacillus fertilizer on better absorption of elements from limy soil and growth and development in Magnolia tree, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments, each with 3 replications. Treatments included Loamy soil, organic humic acid (coal) and humic acid of vegetable origin (sugar beet) and Tiobacillus fertilizer with sulfur. The traits tested included Index of cell membrance stability and Relative water content of leaves. According to the results of this study, with the application of humic acid and Thiobacillus treatment with sulfur, the relative permeability of the membrane decreased and the relative humidity of the leaf of the tree increased. It was also observed that Thiobacillus treatment with sulfur was the most effective treatment in the desired traits and therefore in calcareous soils the application of Thiobacillus with sulfur powder could be recommended for cultivation and maintenance of Magnolia.