فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، پاییز 1398)

Stachys (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) comprises of about 300 species, a largest genus with a wide distribution area in the world, is traditionally used in folk medicine. Till now, no research has been carried out regarding the stem anatomical characteristic of these species in Iran. In the present study, stem anatomy of six its species was compared. Three individuals were collected from each species, and a mature stem was selected from each individual. Stems were fixed in GAF fixative. Hand sections were stained with carmine and methylene blue dye (double stained). Results show that some anatomical properties of studied species were determined to be similar to the anatomical properties of other species of the genus Stachys. According to the anatomical comparison between the six species, shape and structure of the stem are the distinguishing features of the species. On the surface of stem, five types of trichomes were found: simple and branched nonglandular, peltate, and long and short capitate glandular trichomes. The present study shows that certain micromorphological and anatomical features of Stachys species are valuable taxonomic characters in species identification and delimitation.

 Cryopreservation is regarded as a technology with high importance to conserve the plant germplasm for a long period. The use of this technology to preserve the plant materials is useful when it does not change the chemical composition of the essential oil. Satureja sahendica is one of the endangered medicinal species in Iran; thus, conservation of its genetic materials is considerably important. In order to investigate the phytochemical stability and to compare the type and content of the compositions identified, the plant samples were studied under cryopreservation condition and then, the treated seeds were transferred to the liquid nitrogen at –196°C for one week. In the present study, the flowering shoots resulted from various treated seeds were collected and dried in the laboratory; then, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method. Afterwards, the essential oil compositions were identified using analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC/MS) as well as retention index calculation. Finally, 15 compositions were identified in the essential oil of the study plant under cryopreservation condition. The main components in the essential oil included, p-cymene (43.3%), terpinene (21.5%), thymol (18.3%) and carvacrol (5.1%). Results indicated that regarding the number, type and percentage of compounds existing in the essential oils, there was no difference between the control and cryopreservation treatments; therefore, the seeds of this valuable endangered species can be preserved for a long period and its extinction may be avoided by using the cryopreservation technique

A large number of clinical and pre-clinical studies have extensively shown the therapeutic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of the physalis alkekengi on several diseases, but so far there is not much information about the healing properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant on breast cancer. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Physalis alkekengi hydroalcoholic extract on steroid receptor-dependent breast cancer on mouse model, and the results of this study showed that extracts of Physalis alkekeng, especially in two concentrations (100mg / kg, 50), have inhibitory effects on cancer tumor growth The chest was in the treated group, as well as changes in the tissue of the anus The biology in breast tumors of the groups treated with P.alkekengi extract was observed in comparison with the control group. The findings showed that the extract of the medicinal plant of the puppet had effective effects on the treatment of steroid receptor-dependent breast cancer in Balb/c mice.

After cancer treatment occurs fertility problems and many birth defects, such as abortion, early delivery, low birth weight. Therefore, preserving fertility should be an integral part of improving the quality of life in survivors of cancer. Dacarbazine is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug and this study focuses on the effects of dacarbazine on oogenesis and sex hormones and estradiol in NMRI mice. 30 adult female mice NMRI were divided into 5 groups: control, sham, 1, 2 and 3 experimental groups received 10-day solvent and doses of 20, 30 and 40 mg / kg by intraperitoneal injection dacarbazine. For analysis sex hormones and estradiol was drawn blood from heart and ovarian tissue was removed from the body to investigate Oogenesis. The results of this research work show that Dacarbazine reduces the number of Graafian follicle and blood vessel in comparison with the control group and the number of atretic follicle in the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 has a significant increase compared to the control group. Also, the levels of FSH, LH and estradiol hormones show a significant decrease with dose increase.

In this study, the effects of changes in environmental salinity on some biochemical parameters and body composition in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were assayed. Fish adapted to salinity of 20 ppt, then suddenly introduced in experimental salinities including 5, 12 and 34 ppt. Each treatment was done in three replicates. In each replicate, 12 fishes with an average initial weight of 100± 10 grams per 300-liter tanks were placed. alues increased in group 12 and 34 ppt (P<0.05). A higher level of triglyceride and lower levels of high density lipoprotein were recorded in 34 ppt compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The proximate composition of body was affected by salinity as moisture was lower in 34 ppt in compare to other groups (P<0.05). In this study, A. latus survived without mortality in experimental salinities, but changes induced for osmoregulation in 5 ppt requires high energy consumption, which reduces the energy available to the fish.

The folate receptor (FR) is known to be over-expressed extracellularly on a variety of human cancers. Therefore, this molecule is an ideal candidate for targeting nanoparticles to drug delivery using these nanoparticles to cancer cells or cancer tissues. In this study, we designed an amphiphilic cationic Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, VSM, TEM measurements. FTIR indicated that the synthesis of Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles have been performed successfully. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) showed that the biodegradable-magnetic nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature. The morphology of the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles were evaluated using a transmission electron microscopy. TEM showed the nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Moreover biocompatibility assay of Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles was performed using MTT test. Also the ability of Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles to DNA delivery into MCF-7 cells were analysis using MTT test and flow cytometry respectively. Interestingly, due to the incorporation of PU and PEG segments, this Fe3O4-PEI-PU-PEG-FA nanoparticles showed less toxicity but better gene transfection efficiency than PEI.

 Rosa hybrid L. is one of the most important ornamental plants that one of the modern methods of micropropagation of Rosa hybrid Cv.Maurossia is tissue culture. In this research, after optimizing of sterilization of explants with sodium hypochlorite, MS culture medium with various concentrations of BA was used for the establishment. The highest growth rate was observed in 0.2 mg l-1 BA. Then, explants were transferred to MS medium with different concentrations of BA, NAA and IAA. The results showed the optimal branch regenerated was obtained at 2 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1 IAA. In indirect organogenesis, the part of the leaf with the petioles was used and the optimum percentage was observed in 2 mg l-1 BA with 1 mgl-1 NAA. Then, explants transferred to the rooting induction medium of MS and MS/2 with IBA and Phloroglucinol. The most rooting induction was observed in MS/2 medium with 1 mg l-1 BA and 0.2 mg l-1 Phl (Phloroglusinol). Also, due to the importance of the morphology of the Rosacea family, the anatomical studies of the vegetative organs were compared in two samples of in vivo and in vitro plants and the results showed that the general structures in both samples are similar.