مجله علوم حرکتی و رفتاری
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 7، زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental toughness and mental skills in non-elite Taekwondo athletes.

In this study a cross-sectional correlational design was employed. Statistic population was included all Taekwondo athletes from Islamshahr city. Samples were and 80 athletes with average age of (20/50 ± 4/50) selected by purposive sampling, and completed Questionnaires of mental toughnessand (sheard et al, 2009) and mental skills (Bush & Salmela, 2001). The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression (inward method) tests.

The results revealed that mental toughness was positively associated with mental skills (foundation, psycho-somatic and cognition) (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of high school students in the Kurdistan Region of Kurdistan regarding their education and their participation in school sports events. The statistical population of this study was all students of middle school and high school in the Kurdistan region of Iraqi Kurdistan. For cluster random sampling, sampling was used. The sample consisted of 826 people, of which 389 were boys and 437 were girl. A researcher-made three-part questionnaire was used to collect data. For analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov Smirnov, Khyndo, Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test) were used. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between participation in sporting events with the attitude toward physical education, but between the amount of skill in sports activities as well as between the interest in sports activities and attitudes toward the training course Students did not have a meaningful relationship. Finally, there was a significant correlation between the amount of exercise outside the school and the attitude toward the education, and the group that exercised daily exercise outside the school had a better attitude toward the lesson than the non-practitioner group They had no education.

Nowadays, all businesses are somehow associated with marketing mix and sports businesses are no exception. The purpose of this study is to compare the marketing mix of domestic and foreign sports apparel.

The research method is descriptive-survey and applied. The population and sample consist of customers who have purchased at least one of the indoor and outdoor sports apparel authorized dealers. According to Cochran's formula, the minimum required sample size was 363. Data were collected using a questionnaire by Zadad et al. (2015). The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by 7 sport management professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained for product (0.77), price (0.85), distribution (0.80) and promotion (0.78). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normal distribution of data). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the marketing mix of domestic and foreign sports apparel brands, so that the external brands are better than the average.

Domestic manufacturers can promote their brand by modeling foreign brands and producing high quality and diverse apparel, fair pricing, diverse advertising, and the establishment of exclusive stores.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neurofeedback training and attentional focus on the accuracy and distance of frisbee throwing in beginner players.

For this purpose, 70 participant were selected as the sample. The method of this research was quasi-experimental study with 7 groups (neurofeedback, external focus+neurofeedback, internal focus+ neurofeedback, make neurofeedback, internal focus, external focus, control group) with pre-test and post-test. The pre-test included 10 launches. After the pre-test, the subjects trained 10 blocks of 10 attempts at the acquisition stage. 24 hours after completing acquisition stage, the retention and transfer tests were performed in 10 attempts. The neurofeedback protocol included a beta-1 increase, theta reduction in the CZ region (according to the 10-20 system), which was 10 sessions and each session was 15 to 20 minutes.

The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the research groups at all stages. In the distance dimension, at all stages, the internal focus group showed better performance, but in the dimension of accuracy, at all stages of the neurofeedback+ internal attention group was better than the other groups. Conclusion Overall, the results of this study showed that neurofeedback and interaction between neurofeedback + attentional focus had a significant effect on the learning of frisbee throwing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training combined with propolis on lipid peroxidation in obese men.

This was a quasi-experimental study with three experimental groups and one control group with pre-test and post-test. Thirty-eight subjects were selected by simple random sampling. They were randomly divided into four groups of nine individuals: aerobic exercise, propolis supplement, aerobic exercise + propolis supplement and control group. After selecting the statistical sample, the subjects were randomly divided into four groups (aerobic exercise group, placebo group, aerobic exercise + supplementation group and control group). To achieve this goal, a demographic questionnaire and medical-athletic history questionnaire were used. Then height and weight were measured. After the main session day after the first blood sample was taken as a pretest, the first group participated in aerobic training for eight weeks. The placebo group and the placebo group received two 500 mg propolis and placebo tablets, respectively, twice daily.

The results showed that aerobic exercise combined with propolis reduced cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde in obese men but had no effect on glutathione.Keywords: Aerobic exercise, Propolis, Lipid profiles, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione

The purpose of this study was the relationship between sport orientation and competitive anxiety in female athletic team and individual sport Olympiad for medical universities in 1396 that took part in Shahr-e- kord.

In order to, 131 subjects were selected using systematic sampling.Female students completed a modified version of the competition anxiety (SCAT) and sport orientation (SOQ).

Analyzes showed that there was no significant relation between competition anxiety and sport orientation factors but there was significant relation between competition anxiety and age. Also, statistical results showed that there is a significant relationship between age and competitive anxiety and it was determined that individual and team groups differed in terms of competitive anxiety and sport orientation type.

The conclusion revealed that competition anxiety decreased with increasing age in both individual sports and sport teams. So completion anxiety has a direct relation with age increase.

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with many difficulties in executive functions. The effect of physical activity with different perceptual needs on the improvement of these factors has not been investigated. Given the different physiological and cognitive needs of open and closed movement exercises, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of open and closed exercises on sustained attention and working memory of these children.

This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. Thirty children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in Kermanshah city were randomly divided into two groups of open and closed exercise. Prior to the exercise protocol, all participants performed Wechsler Intelligence Test and pre-test of sustained attention and working memory. Participants in each group received their own one-hour training sessions for 12 weeks and three sessions per week. The instruments used in the study included Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children, Continuous Performance and N-Back Working Memory Test. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis test in spss23.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the endurance and working memory scores in the post-test.

Therefore, it can be said that open skill training improved sustained attention and working memory over closed skill training.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 4 weeks corrective and elastic band exercises on frequency, intensity, duration and quality of cervicogenic headache.

Twenty four female with forwarded head position (Mean ± SD; age 33.4 ± 8.9 y, weight 63.7 ± 10 kg, height 1.6± 0.1 m) were objectively selectead and randomly divided equally into 2 groups; elastic band and corrective exercises. Frequency, intensity, duration of headache, neck disability index and angle before and one week after intervention were evaluated as a dependent variable. Mixed repeated measure ANOVA, Willcoxan and U-Mann Whitney methods were used for data analysis.

Result of this study showed significant reduction in headache frequency, intensity, duration of headache, neck disability index and angle in both groups (P0.05).

It can be included that corrective and elastic band exercises can reduce the symptoms of cervicogenic headache and consequently treat the cervicogenic headache. It seems that 4 weeks of corrective and elastic band exercises is not enough to show differnces between groups, so it suggestive that use this training during more than 4 weeks.