فصلنامه تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 44 (زمستان 1398)

The aim of this study is investigation of factors affecting investors’ reaction to intangible information include size and cash flow volatility in firms listed in Tehran Security Exchange. Intangible information is such as information about future profitably investment opportunity that get news about future firms’ performance, but may not to be measured by accounting digits or measures such as Book to Market ratio. For this, using 198 firms’ semi and yearly data in time period of 2008 to 2012 and annual return information ended to 06/31 and 12/29, the hypothesizes are investigated. In this regard, the relationship between past intangible return and future monthly returns and the modifying role of size and cash flow volatility are examined. The results show that, in short term, bigger firms experience more reversal. But firms with more cash flow volatility experience more momentum.

Audit fees raises By increasing litigation risks. Conditional conservatism reduces litigation risks and thereby has the negative impact on audit fees. In fact, both conservatively reporting and corporate governance are involved in reducing the uncertainty and their relationship is alternative, so whatever companies have weaker corporate governance, use more conservatism on their reporting. To reduce their risk. In this study, first, the relationship between Conditional conservatism and audit fees has been examined and then the effect of corporate governance on the relationship between conditional conservatism and audit fees have been investigated. For this purpose 1496 year- firm observations of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were analyzed. The findings shows that conditional conservatism is negatively correlated with audit fees and stronger Corporate governance undermines this negative effect. In fact, firms with stronger corporate governance, conservatism has less important role in reducing audit fees.

Based on agency theory, the conflict of interest between owners and managers leads to agency costs. Laws related to corporate governance seek to mitigate these costs. Among Important tools in this area, the independence of the broad, ownership concentration, ownership structure and institutional ownership can be noted. This study aims to identify the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and the timeliness of earnings, with an emphasis on financial distress in listed companies on the Stock Exchange in Tehran. Thus, 128 companies were investigated from 1387 to 1392. The timeliness of corporate earnings was measured by a stock price-based timeliness metric. At First, firms with financial distress of healthy financial firms were separated, using by the adjusted model of Altman. SPSS, Eviews, and Excel have been used to analyze data and testing research hypothesis. Then the test of the research hypotheses by multiple regression analysis using generalized least squares (GLS) through a combination of data was performed. The results show that the percentages of independence of the board and institutional ownership have a negative signifcant relationship with timeliness of earnings. And concentrations of ownership, ownership structure have significant and positive relationship with the timeliness of earnings. Also in firms with financial distress, the percentage of independence of the board, the percentage of institutional ownership and concentration of ownership have significant positive relationship with the timeliness of their earnings but there isn’t any significant relationship between ownership structure and timeliness of earnings.

A significant increase in the accounting restatements has attracted, academic attention, rule and public attention with considering all its consequences,. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between of audit quality, real and accrual earnings management on financial statement restatements in listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. In this purpose a sample of consisting of 120 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange during the period 2010 to 2016 was selected. In order to analyze the hypothesis was used logistic regression model.. The research findings show that audit quality hast negative impact on restatement, while real and accrual earning management has positive impact on restatement. In other words, we can say the high level of audit quality, reduce the likelihood of restatements and with increase in real and accrual earnings management, increase the likelihood of restatements.

Managers, seeking economic benefits, maintain a high level of cash. Additional cash exacerbates agency problems between shareholders and managers; meanwhile auditors, in order to decrease audit risk related to cash holdings, demand more audit fees by more audit efforts. The current research, aimed to investigate the relationship between cash holdings and audit fees and also examine the role of growth opportunities in the relationship. In this study, the financial information of 65 companies listed in Tehran stock exchange during the period of 2006-2015 has been examined. The results from testing the research hypotheses indicated that there is a significantly positive relationship between cash holdings and audit fees, suggesting that higher level of cash holdings requires more audit efforts and in turn, higher audit fees. The other results suggested that both high and low growth opportunities of firms strengthen the relationship. In fact, due to the emergence of agency conflict resulting from cash holdings, their audit becomes difficult, and opportunistic behavior, especially in firms characterized by high growth level, increase managers’ activities toward gaining their goals and maintaining their positions, and finally, audit fees are increased due to auditors’ efforts.

Comparability is relative or comparative concept, and Reduces manager's motivation to hide negative news. This is one of the reasons for Crash stock prices. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between the comparability of financial statements as a qualitative financial reporting feature with the Expected stock Price Crash Risk.The statistical population of this research includes all companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the research goal, 81 companies have been selected (as a sample) for the period between 2011 and 2017. The research, in terms of the type of purpose is a part of applied research and the research method is correlation in terms of content. To analyze the hypothesis of the research, logistic statistical analysis has been used.The results of the research hypothesis test showed a significant and negative relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the Expected stock Price Crash Risk.

In recent years, following the global economic competitiveness and raise public awareness of financial issues, investment, capital market has attracted the attention more than before and most companies attempt to attract the attention of investors to the production of goods and services are high quality and low cost. Meanwhile, the number of companies providing false information and misleading is also trying to show a good image of your company's status in the competition to attract and retain investors. Thus, with appropriate indicators and evaluate the performance of different companies and their rankings with regard to these indicators is of particular importance and desirability for investors. The aim of the study was to look at balancing accounting standards (financial ratios) and value-based criteria for assessing the financial performance of companies is using its better judgment of economic empowerment companies Stock Exchange done. To this end, the financial and economic experts using the questionnaire, pairwise comparisons were used. Then fuzzy hierarchical analysis FAHP, the weight of each criterion and at the end, using TOPSIS ranking of the chemical industry listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been done. The results of the evaluation show that companies: "Petrochemical Fanavaran" ," petrochemical Shazand"," Petrochemical Abadan" , "Madani amlah iran" and "Petrochemical Farabi" , respectively ranked first to fifth chemical industry's top companies are in the 5-year period 1389 to 1393.

Increasing capital is one of the means of financing the companies needed to implement new development or production projects. The most important goals of increasing corporate capital include improving financial structure, providing working capital, increasing shareholder wealth and increasing production capacity. The main goal of this study is to assess the extent to which companies succeed in achieving the goals of increasing capital. The population of this research is the stock exchange and companies that have been increasing their capital during the period from 1380 to 1394 have been investigated. Sampling in this research was performed using screening (knockout) method. Based on the above sampling, 37 companies were selected as sample companies. After collecting, the statistical data of the research were analyzed by Wilcoxon test and T test. The results of the hypothesis test show that companies have not succeeded in achieving a reform of the financial structure, increasing the stockholders' wealth and production capacity through capital increase, but the hypothesis of working capital financing has been verified.

One of the fundamental problems of any firm in the supply chain is how to manage and control the flow of cash in the firm to improve the financial performance of the firm and hence the performance of the chain. In order to improve the financial performance of any firm in the supply chain, the flow of products in the whole supply chain and its effects on the cash flow should be examined. This paper first defines a mathematical model for the cash flow of a firm in the supply chain and then examines the effects of bullwhip caused by demand variations and delivery time on the cash flow. Demand variations and delivery time as result of product flow affect the cash flow of a firm by imposing additional costs such as storage costs and customer dissatisfaction costs while these effects are transmitted along the chain among other members. Since the optimal time and amount of each outgoing invoice depends on the amount of cash available in the firm over time, these bullwhip affect cash flow by changing the time and amount of payment, and these effects are enhanced moving through the chain.

The efficiency of investment decisions depends on the accuracy of information available to investors and auditing is a means to ensure that companies provide their information accurately. When a company faces a significant bankruptcy probability, one of the main duties of the auditor is to alert investors to the risk of bankruptcy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the information content of audit reports in predicting bankruptcy. For this purpose, during the period 2012 to 2016 data from 192 companies and mixed logit regression have been used. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between the type of the previous year audit report and the paragraphs related to the going concern problems and the legal claim therein with the bankruptcy index this year. Therefore, it can be argued that in order to predict the bankruptcy, the previous year audit report and the going concern paragraphs in it, is lacking in information content. Among the public financial information, there is a negative relationship between equity returns and operating profit margin last year with a bankruptcy index and there is a positive and significant relationship between the previous year financial leverage and the bankruptcy index.

One way to secure capital for investment is through the issuance of bonds and stocks through the stock market. The securities market plays a vital role in attracting low capital and financing companies. Since these markets have a constructive role in the allocation of resources and the national capital, so their utility will be in the economic development of society. The most crucial factor that plays an important role in investing is the investment opportunities and capital expenditures of the companies. Therefore, this study investigates the role of trading volume and liquidity on investment opportunities and capital expenditures in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange using panel data method during 1390-1394. The results of the data analysis showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between liquidity on investment opportunities, a direct and significant relationship between the volume of transactions on investment opportunities, and also a relationship between liquidity and investment opportunities on capital expenditure. Therefore, users of financial statements, including investors, are advised to analyze the investment opportunities of the company and select the companies before making any decision on which company to invest.