فهرست مطالب
International Journal of Cancer Management
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Jan 2020
- تاریخ انتشار: 1398/12/05
- تعداد عناوین: 7
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Page 1Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third prevalent cancer worldwide, and it includes 10% of all cancer mortality. In Iran, men and women have the third and the fourth incidence rate of CRC, respectively. Survival analysis methods deal with data that measure the time until an event occurs. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and Cox regression are methods for survival analysis.
ObjectivesThe current study was designated to determine related factors to CRC patients’ survival using ANN and Cox regression.
MethodsIn this historical cohort, information of patients who were diagnosed with CRC in Omid Hospital of Mashhad was collected. A total of 157 subjects were investigated from 2006 to 2011 and were followed up until 2016. In ANN, data were divided into two groups of training and testing, and the best neural network architecture was determined based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Cox regression model was also fitted and the accuracy of these two models in survival prediction was compared by AUC.
ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of age was 56.4 ± 14.6 years. The three-, five- and seven-year survival rates of patients were 0.67, 0.62, and 0.58, respectively. Using test dataset, the area under curve was estimated 0.759 for the chosen model in ANN and 0.544 for Cox regression model.
ConclusionsIn this study, ANN is an appropriate approach for predicting CRC patients’ survival which was superior to Cox regression. Thus, it is recommended for predicting and also determining the influence of risk factors on patients’ survival.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Cox Regression, Survival Analysis, Colorectal Cancer -
Page 2Background
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among the female population, and about 15% to 20% of patients with breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive. The current cancer treatment methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are not sufficiently effective in decreasing mortality rates; however, immunotherapy is a novel approach in the treatment of cancer that is more efficient and less harmful to the body. Anti-cancer immunotoxins are chimeric molecules containing two parts, namely the immuno part, which is an antibody or a binding segment of antibody, and toxin part, which is a killer toxin molecule.
ObjectivesIn this study, we sought to design a novel immunotoxin, including the anti-HER2 receptor, trastuzumab, derived from a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with a connection to the functional part of Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (Cj-CdtB).
MethodsThe chimeric protein’s physicochemical properties, solubility, and secondary structure were analyzed, using ProtParam, PROSO II, and GORV, respectively. A three-dimensional (3D) model was built, using I-TASSER and refined, using GalaxyRefine. The model’s structure was evaluated before and after refinement, using PROCHECK and RAMPAGE. The AlgPred server was employed to predict immunotoxin allergenicity, and mRNA stability was evaluated by RNAfold. Finally, the immunotoxin and HER2 were docked, using ZDOCK.
ResultsAnalysis showed that the chimeric protein could be a stable and soluble protein and the secondary structure of its parts would not change and the protein had a robust 3D structure that might have a stable mRNA structure and could bind to HER2 receptor.
ConclusionsThe designed immunotoxin was a stable and soluble protein with the ability to bind to HER2 receptors, making it an appropriate immunotoxin candidate for breast cancer treatment. The results of the current work could be useful for future experimental studies.
Keywords: scFv, CdtB, Immunotoxin, Breast Cancer, In Silico -
Page 3Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The accuracy of Gleason score (GS), as a useful system for histopathological assessment, is important because any fault in the assessment and calculation leads to inappropriate approaches and complications. Multifocality is common in PCa and it is expected that different grading of cancer would be seen in different areas. This is one of the sources of diversity in pathologic reports of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS BX) and radical prostatectomy, which is obtained in 41% to 43% of samples with exact accordance; so, when choosing the treatment plan is based on of the needle biopsy sample, the accuracy of TRUS BX GS is bolded.
ObjectivesIn this study, we compared the pathology reports of initial biopsy and final pathology of the prostate after radical prostatectomy to determine the discrepancy among the Iranian population.
MethodsIn this retrospective study, 105 of 127 patients that underwent both TRUS Bx and radical prostatectomy in Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital from August 2009 to October 2017 enrolled in the study.
ResultsIn the current study, 55% of the patients were without change and 36% were upgraded. The rate of abnormal digital rectal examination and the increase of prostate-specific antigene levels have a statistically significant correlation with the upgrading of GS, respectively (P = 0.001 and 0.02).
ConclusionsIt is generally concluded that the initial biopsy with the final pathology of radical prostatectomy is similar in our investigation.
Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Gleason Score, Trans Rectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate, Radical Prostatectomy -
Page 4Background
Quality of life in patients with cancer is an important issue. It affects different aspects of the patients’ life. Supportive group therapy helps the majority of women with breast cancer to treat their disease and decrease the recurrence of the disease. Group poetry therapy, as a safe method, can be used to increase the quality of life of patients.
ObjectivesWe designed this study to evaluate the effect of poetry therapy on the quality of life of patients with cancer.
MethodsA total of 91 participants were divided into the poetry therapy group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 60). Six sessions of weekly poetry therapy were held. Miller Hope scale, Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30), and Quality of Life Questionnaires-Breast 23 (QLQ-BR23) were fulfilled by patients before, 1 week, and 2 and 6 months after the intervention.
ResultsPoetry therapy increased hope based on Miller Hope scale 1 week, 8 weeks, and 6 months after the intervention (P = 0.001). The improvement of the functional item of QLQ-BR23 and QLQ-C30 was significant in poetry therapy in comparison with the control group at the end of the study (P = 0.001). The change of side effect items does not differ over the course of the study (P > 0.05).
ConclusionsGroup poetry therapy can be a good psychotherapy way to increase the quality of life of patients with breast cancer.
Keywords: Poetry Therapy, Breast Cancer, QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR23 -
Page 5Background
In brain metastatic lesions, peritumoral edema assessed by advanced imaging modalities is reported to have infiltration by neoplastic cells; however, determining the tumor border is still inaccurately depicted even by applying such modalities. More importantly, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of this area for predicting tumor-related characteristics such as diametric and morphologic characteristics of lesions, as well as their primary source, remain uncertain.
ObjectivesIn the current study, we aimed at assessing the value of ADCs in both intratumoral and peritumoral areas to determine the metastatic brain tumor source and to predict the morphological characteristics of the tumor.
MethodsThis study was conducted on 80 biopsy-proven patients with brain metastasis and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) examination. All tumor characteristics including the number and size of lesions, the origin of metastasis, the zone of metastasis, and the presence of necrosis or edema in the lesions were collected based on imaging. The origins of the metastasis were also determined.
ResultsThe ADCmin and ADCmean values of the peritumoral area were strongly associated with the grade of edema in this area; however, none of the values could accurately predict the origin of metastasis. Determining the ADCmin and ADCmean in the intratumoral area could not be indicators for lesion characteristics such as size and location of the lesion, the presence of necrosis or edema, as well as the source of the metastatic tumor such as breast or lung. Similarly, the ADCmin and ADCmean in the peritumoral area could not be an effective predictor for determining the source of metastasis and also diameter, location, or necrotic nature of the tumor and only can predict the edematous pattern of the lesion.
ConclusionsThe ADC values in both intratumoral and peritumoral areas of the brain tumor metastatic lesion may not be predictive for the assessment of tumor morphology or its origin.
Keywords: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging, Brain Tumor, Metastasis -
Page 6Background
Blood cancer is a disease with a high burden level and a mortality rate of 2.8% which has a growing trend in Iran. For this reason, it is important to study the survival ratio of patients who were afflicted with this disease. The present study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the survival time of patients with various types of blood cancers.
ObjectivesThis is a historical cohort study that examines the survival of patients with blood cancer who received bone marrow transplants in the presence of some explanatory variables.
MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study was performed on data extracted from files in the bone marrow transplant department, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran which is affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Patients who were candidates for a bone marrow transplant from all over the country (from 2007 to 2016) with different types of complaints were considered as the subjects of this study. Inverse Entezar Weibull model was used to analyze the survival time and investigate the factors affecting the survival of patients.
ResultsOf 99 patients, 20.1% died of a type of blood cancer. One-year, five-year and eight-year survival of patients were 90.2%, 76.6%, and 74.2%, respectively. Age at diagnosis time, number of relapses before bone marrow transplant, and the type of diagnosis were identified as factors affecting the survival time of patients with different types of blood cancer.
ConclusionsThis study showed that age factor at the time of diagnosis, the number of relapses before the bone marrow transplant, and the type of diagnosis were effective factors in the survival of patients with blood cancer.
Keywords: Survival Analysis, Inverse Entezar Weibull Model, Survival Time, Blood Cancers -
Page 7Background
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. OLP is more resistant than skin form and malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been reported in this lesion. Since SCC often originates from dysplastic lesions, evaluation of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in dysplastic and premalignant lesions such as OLP seems to be necessary. Furthermore, chronic inflammation may induce some epithelial malignancies. CD44 as a CSC marker is expressed on epithelial cells and contributes to cell migration and tumor progression. Also, this cell adhesion molecule is expressed on leukocytes involved in various inflammatory diseases.
MethodsThirty samples of erosive/atrophic OLP (15 samples of dysplastic OLP and 15 samples of non-dysplastic OLP), and 10 normal mucosa specimens of the oral cavity were examined using immunohistochemistry.
ResultsThe greatest total score for epithelial immunoreactivity was found in dysplastic OLP, followed by non-dysplastic OLP and normal mucosa with significant differences (P < 0.001). For sub-epithelial lymphocytes immunoreactivity, the greatest total score was reported in dysplastic OLP, followed by non-dysplastic OLP.
ConclusionsSignificant higher expression of CD44 as a CSC marker in the epithelium of dysplastic OLP may show the role of this marker in malignant transformation and carcinogenesis process of this premalignant lesion. Higher immunoreactivity in sub-epithelial lymphocytes of dysplastic type indicates a probable role of chronic inflammation in the malignant potential of OLP.
Keywords: CD44, Dysplastic, Lichen Planus