پژوهشنامه تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، زمستان 1398)

The study is based on descriptive analysis and based on documentary-field method, which has investigated the status and value of Iranian baths in the formation of social interactions as cozy third places. The results have shown that Iranian historical baths as historical monuments have played a very important role in shaping social interaction, preserving Iranian culture and civilization. These baths with architectural, plaster, mythical and religious paintings are located alongside other monuments in populated areas such as mosque, bazaar and governmental citadel (the main features of Iranian-Islamic urbanism). Historical baths are public spaces of tangible cultural heritage, with the idea of aesthetic concepts of painting, the fine arts of baths, and their particularly cozy social interaction discourse dominating their intangible cultural heritage.

When did renovation start in Iran? Has modernization in Iranian history been a natural process that is the product of normal and indigenous social, economic, and political developments, or has it been an imposed phenomenon? Many Western historians see the beginning of the process of Renovation or modernization since the beginning of the Pahlavi dynasty as the natural process of the evolution of Iranian society This article tries to prove through a descriptive and explanatory study using library and documentary method, evidence and economic and social changes and evidences, that although the process of modernization of Iranian society was natural before Pahlavi period, especially from the beginning of Qajar dynasty, But the Qajar era began and continued without regard to the identity and social foundations of Iran under the guidance, control and intervention of the colonial countries, especially Britain, and with the help of some social groups such as the courtiers, intellectuals, Freemasons, as well as non-native dependent capitalism. This trend has deepened instability and economic dependence in the Qajar period and after.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the South Caucasus, which was part of its territory, gained independence; it came to be seen as a major international development that failed to disregard the Russians as a Soviet successor. Russia, which regarded the region as part of its external sphere of proximity and national interest, sought to maintain monopoly influence in the region. On the other hand, due to the political-security, geopolitical-communication importance of the South Caucasus, the region has also been the focus of transnational powers, including the European Union. Understanding the region's importance to the Russians, the European Union has incorporated the region into its regional integration plans, which have endangered Russian hegemony in the South Caucasus and posed a significant challenge to the outside government near it. Therefore, this paper, in a descriptive-analytical way, within the framework of aggressive realism theory, proposes that the entry of EU extra-regional power into the South Caucasus with the aim of integrating the republics of this region into European organizations would exert Russian monopoly influence in the Caucasus. It is a challenge and an important challenge for the Russian Federation abroad.

The purpose of the present study is to compare the concept of freedom from the perspective of philosophical schools and the religion of Islam. What is and is important about freedom is very popular nowadays because defining the concept of freedom determines very important concepts such as political freedom, scientific freedom, and education and so on. On the other hand, defining this concept does not misuse the term by different people. Among the abuses of freedom is one's acquaintance with anarchism or chaos. Another of the most widespread abuses of freedom is the politics of each country in order to obtain their illegitimate interests under the name of freedom. Hence, according to the purpose of the study, the method of qualitative research is comparative and to this end, the views of some philosophers of philosophical schools of idealism, realism, naturalism, pragmatism, existentialism, Marxism, humanism, and liberalism are considered as philosophical schools of thought and the following is an overview of some recent thinkers of Islam and Shiite religion and finally, with the help of these comments, an acceptable definition of the concept can be established.

The downturn of pollution crisis can be seen as a threat to environmental and national security. Many scholars in the current international system suspect that security has lost its traditional and military face and has found a civilian dimension. As discourses such as power, interests and goals, government, and war have changed, so has the concept of security. In this case, security is a pervasive issue that presents itself as a structure comprising a set of opportunities and threats. In the meantime, environmental crises are among the emerging issues that have become one of the major issues in international security and have shifted from low politics to high politics.
These crises become an issue in international politics when they are tied to other political, military and competing states in pursuit of their national goals. Therefore, environmental hazards should also be added to the security environment of the countries. These risks cover a wide range of societies and are high in degree of engagement, thus requiring a range of actions. The effects of such changes pose short-term and long-term threats to human security. Some believe that factors such as the proliferation of deserts and extreme climatic fluctuations and catastrophic events (such as floods, droughts and dust) affect human and other creatures in planet and cause Threatening the Earth They should be seen as an immediate security threat. Research Methodology of This research is based on a library studies which analyzes the legal issues of governments in the field of pollutions. In general, it could be said that the processes which lead to over-exploitation of natural resources or climate change are fundamentally linked to the broader political, economic and social processes that are part of the politically intertwined economy. Therefore, processes of globalization, interdependence in the field of economics and other areas of human life have increasingly given rise to regional and global environmental issues.

Higher education and its development as a platform for science and technology production, human resource empowerment, strengthening of the knowledge-based economy, expanding and promoting social participation, strengthening social capital, identifying and producing superior culture, inspiring and modeling in the region and the Islamic world, Influencing the process of regional and global developments, and etc. One of the most fundamental components of national power generation, reassuring the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and achieving the highest goals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran as a model of religious democracy. Also, as scientific and research centers, as one of the strategic goals of aliens to influence and align with their intentions, they have always been subject to their influence and targeting security patterns in the context of 'safeguard' and 'anti-safeguard' systems, which is formed in the field of Higher education. The purpose of this study was to describe and explain the interaction of these systems within a cognitive model at the strategic level using a descriptive-analytical approach and answering the question of what are the effective and antisocial systems in the development of higher education in Iran.? According to the results, at least nine major security systems are effective in developing higher education under the heading: government system, executive system, social system, system of autonomous political currents, system of non-autonomous political currents, system of intellectual flow, system of cyberspace, system of autonomy, system of security. The opponent's security system has been identified, which are divided into three general patterns; fully protected systems, bilateral systems and fully antisense systems as cognitive models.