فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
سال هشتم شماره 29 (پاییز 1398)

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy or ACT on the social adjustment of female students. Considering social adjustment is one of the most important issues in adolescence, this issue can be the source of many problems.

The research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest with a control group. The population of this research was high school students in 2017-2018 in Arak city. The subjects included thirty high school students who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned in control and experimental groups fifteen people for each group. ACT was applied to the experimental group once every week for two months. Then California test of social adjustment questionnaires used was applied. Data were analyzed using analyze of covariance. There was a significant increase in social adjustment in students who were in the experimental group.

The results of this research have shown that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in enhancing the social adjustment in high school students. 

Based on the findings of this study, it could be concluded that ACT group training is an effective intervention and can be used to improve social adjustment in students.

Having a disabled child as a major stressor has affected the psychological health of parents, especially mothers; accordingly, this investigation was conducted to study the effectiveness of Group interpersonal psychotherapy on increasing the resiliency of disabled children's mothers.

The research method is quasi-experimental designed with a pretest, posttest, control group and six months follow up. The population of the present study included all mothers of disabled children who were under the aegis of Gorveh Welfare Organization. Based on the Cochran formula one hundred and eighteen mothers were selected through the simple random method; then the questionnaire was applied. Thirty mothers with criteria of entering and resilience score lower than the average of others were selected as the study sample; dived into experimental and control groups Fifteen people for each. The experiential group received twelve weekly sessions of standard interpersonal psychotherapy protocol. The control group did not receive any intervention. Connor and Davidson’s2003 resilience scale questionnaire was administered to collect data at the pretest, posttest and follow-up stage. And at the end covariance analysis was used to examine the research hypotheses.

The results of covariance analysis between two groups showed that group interpersonal psychotherapy could be effective in improving the resiliency of mothers with disabled children in the experimental group in the posttest and follow-up stage.

It can be concluded that group interpersonal psychotherapy is an effective method to increase the resiliency of mothers with disabled children. This method is suggested to psychologists, counselors and other mental health professionals.

With due attention to the importance of attachment experiences and considering conflict as an inseparable part of relationships, the current study focused on identifying the cognitive, emotional and behavioral patterns of perceiving family conflicts in adolescent girls according to their attachment styles by a qualitative research method and thematic analysis. 

This study group consisted of fifteen to eighteen years old girls in Tehran who were selected from a school by purposeful sampling method. Adult attachment inventory; for short AAI, and The twenty-item experiences in close relationships — revised — general short form; for short ECR-R-GSF questionnaires were used to assess the attachment style. By their scores, adolescents were assigned to two categories of avoidant and preoccupied attachment styles. Among one hundred and sixty-three adolescents who completed the questionnaires, thirteen people were selected for the interview. The sample group was saturated with five people in each preoccupied and avoidant group. 

The main essences of avoidant adolescents' cognitions were dichotomous thinking, representing parents negatively, emphasizing independence, intellectualizing and emotional disengagement. In the emotional patterns, they showed avoidance in experiencing emotions and anger; and in the behavioral patterns, they tried to avoid conflict situations and enhanced the severity of their aggressive behaviors to reach their goal. The main essences of preoccupied adolescents' cognitions were representing parents and themselves negatively, attribution of conflict to the quality of the relationship, seeking integration in the relationship and need for being cared of. Emotionally, they experienced anger, fear, sadness, and sympathy for the mother. In the behavioral aspect, they acted impulsively and aggressively to express their anger, struggling for their goals and express excessive love to attract and maintain partner love. 

By identifying adolescents' cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects in conflict situations, the results of this research can help in preparing parenting package and therapeutic interventions based on the attachment approach for adolescents.

Body image, such as any other psychological aspect, is a part of the personality of any human being who has evolved and has more fluctuations and changes in times of life, including the occurrence of a lesion and the occurrence of disability In people. In this case, the reliance of the person with disabilities will be shaken, and the feeling of need for others and dependence on the appearance will be strengthened. Based on this research, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life with body image among physical disabilities in Yazd.

The present study is a cross-sectional survey study that studies the relationship between social support and quality of life with body image. The statistical population of this study was physically disabled people between eighteen to thirty-seven-years-old in Yazd city, in 2018, who were clients of social work clinics and referred to them. The sample size was estimated to be three hundred and ten people. To collect data, social support questionnaire Zamet et al.1988, the quality of life scale of SF-36 of the world health organization and the researcher-made body image were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS23 and Amos23 software, using Pearson statistical tests and multiple regression. 

The results of this study showed a positive and significant correlation between social support and quality of life with body image. The quality of life and social support dimensions predict thirteen percent of variations in the attitude of people with disabilities to the body image.

If people with disabilities, especially physical disabilities, have a negative attitude toward their physical condition, they face many personal and social problems. In this regard, it is suggested that, given that social support has a positive effect on the attitude of people with disabilities towards their bodies, families with a disabled person, should pay more attention to these individuals, which is also increased personal and social health of these people in different situations of life.

Domestic violence against women is an ancient and common problem in any society. Knowing the leading social themes may help us to prevent and control domestic violence against women. The current study aims to investigate the role of access or lack of access to the resources in domestic violence against women.

The thematic analysis applied as the research method. Thirty-one women who had domestic violence experience between 2015 to 2017 chosen by purposeful and snowball sampling methods as the research sample. Data has been gathered by interviewe and analyzed by the thematic analysis method. As a result, the main themes got emerged.

Women who suffered from domestic violence mentioned four important resources; social support, legal system support, economic resources, and personal resources. Women’s stories revealed family and friends did not support them as they were supposed to do. They mentioned a few reasons for it. Families were worried about divorce stigma, they were busy with their own problems and did not have enough economic resources to support the battered women. Also, some people consider it as a common private issue in all families. According to what women mentioned in the interviews, the legal system did not have effective performance neither. There are a few possible explanations for it including lack of supportive rules and ambiguous laws. Also, the process of proving domestic violence is time-consuming, hard and needs observable marks of violence as documents. Not having access to enough economic resources and not having a powerful personality are other factors of domestic violence.

Based on finding of this research to empower a domestic violence survivor, it is suggested to devise an action plan to increasing effective social support, economic independency, personality traits and level of self-confidence, at individual-level factors and passing clear protecting laws, facilitate the court-based process and social work intervention at level of social factor.