نشریه سیره پژوهی اهل بیت
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 7، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

One of the most important issues affecting the events of the early history of Islam is the division of the baytol māl. Following the Islamic conquests, many booties were poured on the Muslims' baytol māl. Lack of proper management of baytol māl, unjust division and privilages based on political dependence and interests in this period changed Islamic values. Thus social gap and conflict of interest in Islamic society was created. To change this situation, Imam Ali (AS) withdrew the privileges based on the Qur'an and the Prophet's tradition and he divided baytol māl equally among the Muslims. The major question of the paper is what were the problems of the baytol māl division before the rule of Imam Ali (A.S) and what was his conduct such dividing? Having examined the historical sources and having made political analysis of Imam Ali (AS) era, it was shown in this research that between the demise of the Prophet (PBUH) and the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS) due to lack of proper management of baytol māl, secularism and misusing baytol māl was widely spread among Muslims. Although Imam Ali (A.S) confronted and fought baytol māl Economic renters as part of his economic reforms and measures, the previous caliphs' wrong policies caused the sedition (Fitna) of Jamal, the Qaedin and the Seffin.

The infallibles conducts, namely their documented traditions, are among the reliable references used in the historical records of Islamic thought. The beginning of the Umayyads and the change of caliphate to kingdom is considered among these important historical eras in Islam. In this period, Shia imams took specific steps to preserve and revive Islamic thought against obliquity based on their divine missions. One of such heating obliquities in the era of Imam Sajjad was the alteration of the issue of monotheism and formation of allegorical and illustrative obliquities. To confront such obliquities, Imam Sajjad implemented cultural and scientific measures in a way that the government of the time would not get sensitized. The present paper is to investigate Imam Sajjad's approach toward this issue in the most peak period of the history of Islam using Sahifeh Sajjadiyah. Using a content analysis model, the issue of monotheism as one of the political and religious issues in Sahifeh Sajjadiyah was analyzed, so that the degree of Imam Sajjad's opinion influence on the Islamic society of the Ummayads period is determined, and his strategy in persevering the concept and position of monotheism is proven. Controlling the socio-political situations of his time, Imam Sajjad used the method of praying to make a kind of pathology and to redefine the issue of monotheism as one of the pillars of Islamic society.

Western Shiite researchers have published many works on Shiite Imams since the twentieth century onward. Most of these works show an incomplete and inaccurate picture of the Imams, especially, in the works about Imam Hassan Asgari (AS) much research has not been done by Islamic and Shiite Scholars. The main question is to see how do Western Shiite researchers have illustrated the eleventh Imam? This study, by examining specialized texts and encyclopedias published in the West, has shown that Westerners have paid less attention to Imam Hassan Askari than other Shi'ite imams. Only three articles and one work on attributed commentary to him have been penned about this imam. However, these few works have also presented an incomplete and even distorted picture of the eleventh Imam.

Khozaah Tribe is one of the well-known branches of Azad Tribe. Azad is of the biggest Yamani and Qahtani Tribes which had many branches in early periods of Islam. The Khozaah Tribe presented Muslims at the time of the Prophet's (pbuh) life and among who were key figures in the political, military, and social developments of the first lunar century. The presence of this tribe had become more prominent especially during Imam Ali's time. Suleiman ibn Sorad, Amr ibn Haqm and Bareed ibn Haseeb were from the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) and political elites of the Khozaah Tribe who contributed to the events of the early days of Islam. The main question of this study is that was the contribution of Khozaah Tribe and its religious political elites in the developments of the Prophet (PBUH) and Imam Ali (PBUH)? Having studies the historical sources, the authors of this research proved that the people of the Khozaah Tribe played an important role in the conquest of Mecca and the narration of Ghadir during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) and in accompanying Imam Ali (PBUH) in spreading Islam and Shiism.

Nutrition and health care are among the Shiite Imams topics of interest. In this respect, many guidelines have been attributed to Imam Reza (AS), known as "Razavi medicine". "Blood therapy", one of the most common therapies in the imam's era, is of paramount significance in Razavi medicine. The main question of this study is to investigate the method of blood therapy in Razavi medicine. Blood therapy means affecting the amount of blood flow at a particular point, changing the blood volume with blood drawing, lowering the body blood through the veins and capillaries using methods called venisection (fasd), phlebotomy (hijamat), cupping, and massage. Having investigated Razavi medicine and doing a document-based, content, and indication criticism of related traditions on homotherapy, it is revealed that the recommended methods solely applicable and prescriptible to specific audience.

The Book of Seventy-Three Nations was written by an anonymous author in the ninth lunar century. This work was written in a period of time when an important beginning in the intellectual and religious developments of the Islamic world, particularly in the East of the Islamic world occurred in the form of intricate interaction between Sunni, Shiite and Islamic Sufism. The main question of this study is what picture does the book show of religious discourse in the ninth lunar century? Having done a content analysis of this succinct and concise book in the form of describing prevailing Islamic and Iranian nations and ideological sects, the author of this paper has mentioned that this book evokes an image of religiousness from Islam which is demonstrating a prevailing Sufist-tempered Sunnism in the eighth and ninth centuries in Iran. Thus, while insisting on Sunni and Jama'h sect and reprehending any kind of heresy, this book has reflected the mystic insights and expressing affection to Ahlulbayt and some implicit tendencies of Shiitized Tasanun.