نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 26 (بهار 1398)

One of the most essential needs of human is security in which various factors are determinent. It is a concept,in which at the present, we witness a fundamental change with the growth of technology and cyberspace. In other words, the security discourse has entered a new era and it is in close relation to the cyberspace. Given the influence and the relation between the cyber and geographic spaces, it is impossible to study the cyberspace without taking environmental condition into consideration and its adjustment with geographic space. To study this adjustment, which is in direct relation to the lives of human, requires the inevitable study of the cyberspace. By the same token, it is essential to underpin the research fundamentals in this sphere the gap of which is seen in the present studies. One of the most essential acts for security in the present era is to control and manage the cyberspace. In the same vein, the current paper deals with the political organization of the cyberspace through descriptive-analytic method and it develops a security model by means of Argon Model.

To attract foreign investment is nowadays one of the requirements in the economic development of countries. The direct foreign investment bears both varied positive and negative consequences in the different economic, political, cultural and security dimensions of countries. In some countries, it brings about positive impacts like economic growth and in some, it mostly spurs negative consequences. In Iran’s economy, the attraction of foreign investment has been discussed by managers and officials as a significant tool for economic growth. Nonetheless, the impacts of foreign investment on economic security has not yet been studied by researchers. This study, by means of Grounded Theory and the tacit knowledge of experts, seeks to explore the conceptual model of direct foreign investment impact on Iran’s economic security. The outcome of the study suggests that the direct foreign investment could bear positive impacts through invigoration of domestic production, promotion of human capital, increase of commercial balance and invigoration of the national economic power, and it may spur negative consequences by threats like infiltration, espionage and economic sabotage.

The political developments that took place in the Arab world from 2011 did not end with the establishment of democratic regimes in the region, but led to the emergence and expansion of Salafist-Takfiri groups. These groups emerged from the north and the Horn of Africa to Central Asia in the region and committed terrorist acts. Given the fact that Syria and Iraq were at the center of these terrorist crises, the threats of the Salafist-Takfirist groups became more visible to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran, by taking measures and political and military policies, tried to eliminate these threats, thus preventing the collapse of the resistance rings in the region. This research seeks to answer the main question of how ISIS was formed and what was Iran›s role as opposed to it? Further, it is suggested that ISIS did not conform to the facts of the field and the public opinion of the region, including Iran, due to the fact that it was an Arab-Hebrew-Wahhabi process, which created a coalition of resistance to Iran›s leadership. Ultimately, this mutual struggle led to the destruction of ISIL in the region. The article tries to explore the emergence of the ISIS phenomenon in Syria and Iraq as well as Iran›s role in defeating this terrorist group using the theoretical framework of defense realism

The current paper is conducted to recognize the dimensions, elements and criteria of social crisis. This research is a descriptive-analytic study in type which conducts exploratory studies on desk and by means of documents. After developing the literature of the study, it selects the population out of the academic-security experts, polls the dimensions, elements and criteria of social crisis by means of Paired Comparison Matrix, and it analyses the specialized viewpoints of experts by means of analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The outcome of the study, by means of AHP, suggests that the issue of the study consists of 3 dimensions, 7 constituents, and 42 criteria (the conceptual model in table 23).

Given the evidence, mining and exploration of mines possesses thousands of years of history, i.e. since the time human discovered gold in open mines or rivers and took up mining with primary tools. The work was possible with primary tools and low costs in that time and needed no particualr know-how. However, mining is nowadays a very sophisticated profession as mines are deeper, layers are richer and the metal alloys are minor. Mining is a sophisticated industry underpinned on many other industrial fields the study of which faces its own difficulties. Incidents in underground mines are severely consequential the outcomes of which are sometimes much widespread. In such conditions, it requires that the reasons behind the incidents are predicted and a plan be adopted to prevent them and mitigate the consequences (Qanbari, Ataie & Safari: 7, 2014). In this study, we deal with the consequential considerations in easing crisis management in underground mines as a question and the part of the considerations (prediction, prevention) in easing crisis management. Given the study, which exploits the research-description and gathers data on desk, the main scenarios which bear the potential to provoke crisis in underground mines include: fall, collapse of cage, suffocation, blaze and explosion.

Urgent settlement is one of the utmost significant acts after the rise of adversity. Needless to say, not attending this issue could provoke another adversity more catasrophic than the first one. As the metropolis of Tehran faces natural and unnatural threats and one of the severe consequences of adversity and war is wandering citizens, one of the most important issues is the intense crowd and the shortage of suitable spaces for urgent settlemet and building of shelter in natural and unnatural adversities. In the same vein, this study seeks to determine the considerations of passive defense in the design of urgent settlements in natural and unnatural crises in such a way that they turn into safer palces, and the events, added costs and balanced works be impeded.