نشریه پژوهش مدیریت آموزش کشاورزی
سال یازدهم شماره 49 (تابستان 1398)

Since rural women have fewer opportunities to grow and develop entrepreneurship due to existing constraints, this study investigated the effectiveness of agricultural education programs for rural women in creating entrepreneurship among rural women in 1996-95. The purpose of this study is applied, in terms of field data collection method and in terms of quasi-experimental variables control using questionnaire. The population of the study was 970 rural women members of rural women cooperatives in Alborz province who had previous training and extension courses related to employment and agricultural business. Using Cochran formula, 135 of them were identified and 140 individuals were selected by quota sampling to increase the accuracy of the data. Rural women with no background in training were also used to compare a group of 140 people. The validity of the research instrument was confirmed by expert opinion and the reliability was confirmed by ordinal theta coefficient (θ = 0.79 - 0.91). Results of Mann-Whitney nonparametric test indicated a statistically significant difference in entrepreneurial characteristics between the experimental and control groups. Individuals who participated in entrepreneurship courses also scored higher on the two components of success and ambiguity than the control group. Sequential regression analysis also showed that 6 variables of attitude, work, age, economic status, income, participation in courses and information seeking behavior explained 33% of the probability of changes in the level of dependent variable of entrepreneurial characteristics (R2=0.33).

The research aimed to analyze the impact of structural components on the performance of agricultural television networks’ programming from the views of beneficiaries of Khorasan Razavi, Kerman, and Markazi. The statistical community of this study consisted of farmers from three villages in three provinces of Khorasan Razavi (privileged), Markazi (less privileged) and Kerman (underprivileged) including 280 individuals of which 221 were identified as sample size according to Morgan Stanely Matrix used. Survey sampling methodology employed was simple random sampling and data was gathered through questionnaires. validity confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was approved using Cronbach's alpha (α=0/77) coefficient. The SPSS21 software and the Spearman correlation coefficient and regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that in Markazi and KhorasanRazavi provinces, the structure, content, and in Kerman province compliance with customs, culture and traditions were the highest priority. It also showed that there is a positive and meaningful relation at one percent level among all the components, including programming structure and television network performance and three components of broadcast time, programming structure and content, define 41% of the variance of television network performance.

Agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors of the country and its role in economic and political development and stability is undeniable. The purpose of this study was investigating rural youth’ intention toward agriculture jobs in Baghmalek Township. To achieve the purpose of the present study, the developed theory of planned behavior was used as the research framework. Research method in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is survey. The population of interest was rural youth between 15 to 29 years old three rural districts of Meidawood, Mongasht and Haparo in baghmalek township. In the second phase, out of these three districts with a population of about 900 young rural people, the sample was selected as 270 rural youth based on Morgan table. Thus, the method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by several experts. In addition, to determine the reliability of different sections of the questionnaire, Pre-test and ordinal theta coefficient were used (θ= 0.73- 0.91). The results of the structural equation modeling of path analysis showed, that both self-identity variables and descriptive norms of developed theory of planned behavior have directly and positively influenced youth's willingness to work in agriculture. The results also show an increase in the predictive power of the developed theory of planned behavior over the main theory of planned behavior

Promotion institutions disseminate new technologies among farmers in various ways, including mass media. In the present study, the effectiveness of radio, television, internet and extension publications in the dissemination of agricultural information among farmers was investigated. This research was a descriptive-applied study and has been implemented using descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population was 1433 farmers in Kerman province in 2016-17 which 100 of them were selected using Cochran formula and proportional stratified random sampling. The instrument was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability for different parts of the questionnaire was obtained from 0.83 to 0.89 by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Based on the results, TV, radio, extension publications and the internet ranked first to fourth according to their usage. Despite the fact that extension publications were ranked third in terms of usage, they were recognized as the most effective media. The relationship between age, education, experience, and media effectiveness were not statistically significant. The relationship between education level and the use of extension publications, the relationship between experience and use of radio, and the relationship between age and the use of radio were positive at the level of 5%, and the relationship between education and internet use were positive and significant at the level of 1%. In the end, recommendations were presented to enhance the effectiveness of these media.

In recent years, a number of biodiversity in Iran have become extinct and many of them are on the verge of extinction, while biodiversity plays an important role in environmental life and health. This includes a large number of cultivated and horticultural species. Universities can play an important role in preserving and improving biodiversity. On this basis, Higher education institutions around the world have begun to change their missions, goals, and perspectives to address and integrate the challenges of biodiversity conservation. Creating such an educational structure will not simply happen and will require research, re-thinking and revising the components of the university. The human component of the system of higher education in agriculture and natural resources is one of the pillars of the system that plays a central role in advancing the system's objectives in a dynamic and harmonious connection with other components. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the components of faculty members' professional competencies for biodiversity education. This study was conducted with qualitative approach and inductive content analysis method. Required data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 24 experts in the field of environmental education and biodiversity selected by snowball sampling. He began the inductive content analysis by identifying the meaningful aspects and then labeling them in the form of qualitative identities and continued by categorizing the identities and linking them to categories. This process was implemented with the help of MAXQDA software. To validate qualitative findings, participant review and expert review strategies have been used. The findings showed that faculty members' professional competencies for biodiversity education included skills competencies, knowledge competencies, value competencies, and ethical competencies that each had indicators

The purpose of this research was to analysis the Impact of Extension Training Courses on economic empowerment of rural women in the Semnan province in Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of all members of rural women's microfinance funds in the province of Semnan that 112 of them were selected according to Cochran formula as sample and stratified random sampling method. This research was a survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to data collection. Reliability of the questionnaire by calculating Cranach's alpha (α= 0932) and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The results of ranking the determinants of economic empowerment of rural women showed, suitable use of leisure for income-generating activities, Interesting and active pursuit of job and production affairs and continuous acquisition of knowledge, technical and professional skills in the first to third ranks and there are the most important factors of the economic empowerment of rural women in the Semnan province. Also, according to the results of exploratory factor analysis the most important explanations for the economic empowerment of rural women in the Semnan province submitted in 5 factors included: Independent and sustainable employment, access to financial and credit facilities, participation in social and professional affairs, expansion of communication in the purchase, marketing and sales, and leadership and management of business group. These factors, in total, were able to explain 73.29% of the total variance. There is a meaningful positive correlation between participation in educational extensions and four factors explaining the economic empowerment of rural women. The results of regression analysis also showed that the number of extension education courses is the most important factor affecting the economic empowerment of women, which in total explains 32 percent of dependent variable.

The aim of the this paper is to examine ranking of the current situation of the meritocracy model components for managers of the research and training centers of Ministry of Agriculture Jahad. The type of present study was quantitative, application, Field, non-descriptive. The questionnaire consists of 69 type and 11 Components with the Cronbach's alpha 0/808, reliability 0/846. validity that, it is confirm by 19 experts in the first level of main research and assigned to 35 experts of the research and training agriculture institute. It is surveyed based on component ranking in current situation by using PLS software. The current mode ranking was included crisis management 4, empowerment 9, leadership and teamwork 6, science and knowledge management 7, entrepreneurship and development thought 11, ethics 1, critical and creative thinking 10, statesmanship 5, forth wave management thinking 8, system thinking 2, learning organization thinking 3. Finally, the statesmanship and forth wave management thinking components compared with definition in meritocracy model and determined that it has not proper situation. Therefore, the empowerment and excellence programs need to be set up, then promote more effective and knowledge-based components by ranking components, but it is done with a view of training priorities, to train future managers of relevant devices. According to ratings and needs of social outcomes, we will have more forward-looking and knowledgeable managers based on needs assessment in terms of social priorities, converting human resources to human capital, content formulation and outreach training in areas of the country, and the other hand meritocracy, fourth wave thinking, and politicized behavior. Adopting such policies requires that the higher education system, while adopting appropriate policy practices and patterns at the highest levels of decision-making, consider both the scientific standards and the political, social, economic, and cultural conditions of society.

This study aimed to develop a framework for applying agricultural entrepreneurship education system in rural areas of Ilam province. The methodology of the study was quantitative and qualitative. In the first phase, based on the viewpoint of 9 participants in the focus group, the framework of entrepreneurship education components was identified. In the second phase, with the participation of 15 experts and experts, using the Delphi method, the components and sub-components of the entrepreneurship education system were extracted and formulated in three rounds. In the third step, the components and sub-components of the entrepreneurial education system were ranked using the AHP method. The statistical sample comprises 15 of the knowledgeable experts and specialists in the field of training and entrepreneurship in the rural areas of Ilam Province who were selected by purposeful sampling. In this study and during the three stages, the Delphi of 11 components and 76 subcomponents in the development of the entrepreneurial training management information system process in the rural areas of Ilam Province were confirmed. The general calculation results of the paired comparisons regarding the 11 components show that the highest significance is related to the component of training information system content and the lowest significance is related to the component of infrastructural environment. It was also found that the subcomponents of recognition principles for the rural entrepreneurship opportunities, teaching market selection methods tailored for the products produced in the village, courses taught by trainers who have the experience of entrepreneurial work or at least the experience of working with entrepreneurs have the highest rankings.

The principle of effective protection and exploitation of existing resources and inputs, is the one of the basic principles of sustainable development agriculture. For this purpose, education and empowerment of agricultural development stakeholders is a top priority for countries. Passive defense has been an important part of civilian defense and its subject area is deliberate external threats. This issue is of great importance in the agricultural sector due to the wide range of intentional external threats. In the meantime, the role of human resources in achieving the principles and implementation of passive defense objectives in the agricultural sector is more than other influential factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies for increasing the knowledge of the Ministry of agriculture- Jahad staff. The research method was survey and the instrument was questionnaire. The statistical population was the experts of the Ministry of Agriculture - Jahad (N=261). They were selected by systematic random sampling method (n=145). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by its external validity and reliability by calculating Ordinal Theta coefficient. SmartPLS and Stata software were used for data processing. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) test showed that planning and provision of resources, appropriate training, incentives and points, administrative structure adjustment and field visits were among the most important strategies to enhance the level of passive defense knowledge of the Ministry of Agriculture Jahad experts. The results of enter regression analysis also showed that age and familiarity with passive defense goals had significant effect on increasing knowledge of experts.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship of optimism and entrepreneurial passion with entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students at University of Tarbiiat Modarres. Quasi-experimental method was applied in this research. The statistical population contained of 420 M. Sc. agricultural students, from which 124 students were determined by using SPSS Sample Power software as the research sample and were selected by applying simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was developed to gather data. Validity and reliability of the research instrument were confirmed based on the evaluation of a panel of experts and ordinal alpha coefficient (α=0.80-0.91), respectively. The descriptive statistics analysis indicated that the optimism and entrepreneurial passion of students in most cases was either intermediate or high. The findings of Spearman correlation coefficient analysis revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between optimism, entrepreneurial passion and its components and students' entrepreneurial intention. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 49% of variation in the entrepreneurial intention of students was explained by three constructs namely: passion for developing, passion for founding and positive feelings. At the end, according to the survey results recommendations are provided to promote the entrepreneurial intention of students.