فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 47 (زمستان 1398)

Islamic city councils are among the most effective elements in the urban management system and enjoy important roles in managing cities. Accordingly, investigating the performance and determining the degree of the success of city councils in urban management enjoy specific importance; therefore, the present study is to investigate and analyze the degree of success and performance of the Islamic City Council of Jiroft in economic, social, environmental, physical, and executive dimensions. The research method was “descriptive-analytical” conducted through the “survey method”. In this research, collecting information was conducted using questionnaire and analyzing data was done through the SPSS software at two descriptive and inferential levels. The results of the research indicated that the performance of city councils in the urban management of Jiroft is from moderate to high level. The results obtained from the Chi-square test also illustrated that the high performance of the Islamic City Council of Jiroft is moderate concerning executive, physical, and environmental dimensions; while it is poor in social dimension, and high in economic dimension.

Urban spaces are representations of the citizens’ life quality based on environmental, cultural and social structures. One can come to a clear and general overview on this point by analyzing those structures as parts of the whole city or society. The study of urban spaces from this point of view has been neglected due to several reasons including the ease of understanding the physical and environmental aspects compared to the meaning and performance of the urban spaces. This study is a strategic-urban one with an applied method obtained from the results of descriptive-inferential and library-based studies based on which our model has been formed. The accuracy of hypothesis was investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) especially Partial Least Square (PLS) method in Smart PLS and the SPSS software. In addition, bootstrapping, confirmatory factor analysis, Cross Validated Redundancy (CV red.), Cross Validated Communality (CV com.), t- value test, Stone-Geisser’s Q² value and GOF index were applied in the study. The results of the study indicated the significant levels of 3.403, 2.405 and 6.085 for meaning, function and form respectively with acceptable level (1.96) which show that the three components of form, function, and meaning always have a two-link relationship (dialectic) with each other, and it may be possible to set a set of discourses among them that can be defined in the form of a general structure. Thus, these components in combination can be effective in the formation and occurrence of behavioral patterns by guaranteeing human activities.

The study of the urban texture highlights the density of built space and open spaces in the city and has an important role in the final decisions to optimize service distribution and improve the quality of urban spaces. This study aimed to investigate the urban texture of Urumia for assessing public open space and green spaces compared to built environments and masses. In order to analyze the data and the quantitative texture of Urumia, transect method was used. The study was a cross- functional one focusing on Urumia. The results showed that in the transect T1 from North-West to South- East of the city, the spaces ​​between 60 and 100 parts of density had been made. The lack of green spaces in parts 80 and 100 and the lack of open spaces in all parts except in parts 34 and 63 is visible. In the transect T2, from the West to the East of the city, the western part of the land had ​​the highest density and the eastern part had the highest density of agricultural land and orchards. In the central part, between parts 30 and 80, there is a deficit passage network. In the transect T3 from the south west to the north east of the city, the density of built spaces in the city center has increased to 85 percent, while the shortage of passage network, especially the shortage of agricultural land and green and open spaces is visible in the middle of the transects 15 to 76. In the transect T4 from the south to the north of the city, built-in compression spaces between parts of the central sections have increased from 40 to 60 and the lack of green and open spaces is clearly evident. In conclusion it can be said that Urumia landscape consists of three types of tissues: the central condensed texture of open green spaces with a minimum and maximum spaces; the edges of the tissue center where the density has somewhat reduced the construction of buildings, and the margin consists of barren land, gardens and agricultural land. In this way, the construction level has decreased from the center to the sides of the city

The human relationship with the earth, over time, is always changing. This, in turn, has had a decisive impact on the use of urban lands. Therefore, in order to control urban growth, it is very important that, by identifying the ecological potential of the environment, the process of future development of the city be directed and managed in order to minimize the negative environmental impacts of natural resources of the city. With this view, after the implementation of the evaluation indicators through the system model, it has been tried to provide appropriate solutions for predicting future development of the city with an emphasis on environmental aspects. Therefore, while assessing the ecological capability of urban development in Sari using a system model, the zones in the form of very suitable and relatively suitable land parcels of urban development along with inappropriate land were identified. A very suitable class for urban development system model covered an area of about 433.143 square kilometers, equivalent to 11.22 percent, and a relatively suitable land had a surface of 126.29 square kilometers, equivalent to 34.3 percent of the city of Sari. Finally, it was concluded that 3,103 km2, which is 84.84% of the total 3662.151 sq. km of the area of Sari, cannot be developed for the creation of urban elements and other uses due to the indicators defined in the systemic model (Makhdoom). Undoubtedly, in order to preserve the ecosystems and environment, following this task seems necessary for the authorities to develop urban areas in future.

The purpose of this survey is to examine the villages' turning into cities and its impacts on the life quality of its inhabitants in the newly founded town of Byranshahr in Lorestan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of the whole inhabitant families in Byranshahr (N= 1655) two hundred of whom were determined as the statistical sample using Cochran formula. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method and were interviewed through a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the instruments which were used in the study were confirmed considering content validity and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was more than 0.70. Finally, the data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results of prioritizing the effect of Cheqlondi's turning into Byranshahr town, based on the average score of 5, showed that this turning has had the highest impacts  on the following sectors: promoting the town services (3.99), improvement the housing and urbanization (3.92), educational development (3.91), increasing social participation (3.86), health-hygienic development (3.58), improvement of communication facilities (3.57), town security (3.45), employment and improvement of  the business (3.40), and  finally accessing to sports and entertainment facilities (3.25).

The purpose of this research is to analyze the indicators of neighborhood-based planning in sustainable urban development. The dimensions of sustainable development are identified and their implications are studied. The analysis was performed using combined method .The statistical population of this research was composed of experts and authorities in urban planning and partly the local people. The most sustainable development index coefficients in neighborhood-based planning were related to housing price with a coefficient of 0.426 (0.001), community participation with a value of 0.552 (0.001), income with a value of 0.633 (0.001) and housing and built environment with a value of 0.758 (0.0001). The results also showed that the significance level of gender and sustainable development indicators was 0.156 (more than 0.05), which indicated no significant relationship between these two variables. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the age and the indicators of sustainable development of respondents in Golpa neighborhood of 0.000 (less than 0.05). The correlation coefficient between these two variables was estimated to be 0.507, indicating a moderate to direct correlation between the two variables.

The behavioral habits of inhabitants of urban ecosystems are neglected due to the dominance of the economy in creating such environments, the most important of which is the dissatisfaction of the residential environment and lack of access to the place of residence. The purpose of this research is to identify types and levels of unfavorable behaviors of residents of Mehr city of Mehregan Qazvin, and ultimately to obtain environmental solutions to improve behavior and to achieve living patterns in residential complexes based on residents' psychology. The methodology of this study is to develop a combination of quantitative and qualitative research method and the method of collecting data was done in a step-by-step manner based on open and closed questionnaires, studying first-hand and first-aid sources and in-depth interviews and objective observations of the researchers themselves. The main question in the qualitative research area is whether environmental design improvements can be effective in reducing undesirable behaviors and feeling satisfied with the environment. The results of this study showed that if the unfavorable behaviors are modified through the redevelopment of the environment and the behavioral patterns among current residents are achieved at the beginning stage of architectural design in the future, satisfaction from the environment, promotion of the environment quality, and also living in inexpensive bio-complexes are achieved along with other related factors.

If we assume the city as a living organism, it needs vitality to survive. Today, the provision of urban vitality is one of the main concerns of urban management, especially in the developed countries. Urban space is an important factor to promote vitality in cities, but the role of urban space in our country is declining day by day. One of the urban spaces is hangout. Urban hangouts are spaces for social interaction, usage of urban landscape, resuscitation collective memories and creating a sense of attachment to urban space by citizens. In this study, it was tried to investigate the effectiveness of urban hangouts as behavioral camp to promote urban public spaces vitality. The case study was Niasarm in Isfahan which is introduced as an urban hangout. The method of research was descriptive-analytical. The independent variable was urban hangout and the dependent variable was vitality. The hypothesis of the research was examined using the P.O.E method.

High-rise building and spatial developmental strategy in height as a result of population growth and the lack of suitable land for the building of recent decades have increased particularly in large cities. In Ilam, like most cities in Iran, the most important political and commercial centers are included in the center of this old city. The central part of the urban structure and distribution have always attracted travelers because of large amount of attractions. In this study, the functional effects of the building density on the transportation network in central context of Ilam have been analyzed. This study using developmental-functional approach and a combination of research methods (descriptive, analytical and field study) investigates this issue in Ilam. For analysis of the findings Visio, Crafer, and ArcGis software have been used coupled with entropy technique. The results of the research revealed the weaknesses in access, the inappropriate structure of the urban transportation network, the spatial position of utilization, the excessive building density in the old urban texture, the failure of the public transportation system, and the inconsistency of pedestrian traffic and vehicles in the urban structures in Ilam.

Land policy making is generally aimed at optimizing the allocation of resources in land and housing. Land buying and selling without restrictions in the market and not receiving added value of land from the owner leads to the investment in the land sector and creation of the speculative demands in land and housing sector. This process causes land shortage and increase in urban land price in the process of urban development. From this point of view, the present study has focused on the laws and policies of urban land in Tehran metropolis. This study is a descriptive-analytical research, and the general method of the research is a secondary analysis. The results of this survey showed that government policies and laws in the land sector not only have not been targeted by countering the speculative approach in this sector, but have intensified the speculation in the urban land market. The ineffectiveness of the tax system in the land and housing sector, zoning rules, land differentiation and inefficiency determine the range of cities in urban comprehensive plans. Also the inability of laws to exclude or restrict the private ownership of urban land, lack of determination and efforts in local management to prepare land for new urban development, the weak performance of the government and municipalities in recycling land in urban areas, inefficient texture, are all the results of the past few decades policy making in the land and housing sector in Tehran metropolis, which in turn result in the continuation and prosperity of more speculation in land and housing sectors of the cities.