فصلنامه علوم و فنون بسته بندی
پیاپی 40 (زمستان 1398)

The good mechanical properties and reasonably priced engineered process of the oriented strand board (OSB) make it one of the most widely used wood products in the building and packaging industry. This recyclable board, like other wood compressed panels has a large dimension and with relatively low weight, it exhibits good resistance to deflection, delamination and war page.Furthermore, the protection of goods against impact, temperature and humidity fluctuations has made it one of the most widely used wood products in the packaging industry, especially heavy and industrial products.Regarding to the lack of this product in the Iranian market, this article aims to provide useful information on one of the most widely used packaging materials for manufacturers and consumers. Information, which includes the history, raw materials, product line, physical and mechanical properties, standards and applications of this product is gathered from reliable internal and external sources.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of relational marketing and brand trust in the quality of communication is between customers and the organization from the customers' point of view. This applied research is descriptive -survey and the method of collecting data is the field method. The statistical population of this study is the customers of fooda company in the city of Dezful, Khuzestan province, which are undocumented because of their number, is considered unlimited. Using Morgan sampling table, 384 people were selected by non-probability sampling method. Data were collected using standard questionnaire: Barry & Parasuman's (1991) for marketing, Blaster et al.'s (2005) for brand trust, and Sun's (2004) for quality of communication with customers. The collected data were analyzed by statistical tests including simple and multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the relational marketing (including, financial interests, social factors, structural links) and brand trust (including: honesty, credibility and benevolence) affect the quality of relationship between customers and organization from the customer's point of view.

Packaging is one of the identifying elements and refers to culture and nationality. The purpose of this study was to study the visual elements of graphic design and genuine Iranian and Islamic graphic designs using a descriptive-analytical method. The information is collected in a library-based manner with the aim of enhancing the quality of the packaging design of Iranian and export products such as tea, pistachio and saffron, which are provided using native visual traditions. The results show that in the graphic design of the Iranian food packaging industry, there is a lack of use of Iranian and Islamic visual elements, while the quality and authenticity of the packaging design can be achieved. The new style training in the packaging design industry is made possible by the use of wood, glass and cardboard to protect the environment and recycle it better, and to integrate it with Iranian traditions.The visual characteristics of the use of text, motifs, colors, naturalism, and Iranian - Islamic ideas are evident in the main packaging structure. The use of Persian letters with the original Nastaliq script along with other (bilingual) letters plays an important role in the authentication of the export packaging identity of Iran. These designs are influenced by the traditional composition of Iran's original artistic paintings, by using the golden color, and by the influence of the traditions of architecture, Muqarnas, mosque arches, as well as symmetrical and solid Iranian- Islamic caravansaries and spaces. In this article, theunique elements of design in the design of Iranian - Islamic packaging, as well as the graphical application of identity elements to the Iranian packaging have been studied. The type of arrangement and positioning of the product supports the ergonomic design structure of authentic Iranian products.

In this study, biodegradable starch-based films were made as biodegradable packaging by solution molding method. The effect of addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (at three levels of 1, 3 and 5 wt. %) on the films prepared from starch biopolymer was evaluated. Surface properties, physical properties, water vapor permeability, mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of the samples were investigated. The results showed that the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles reduced the water-dependent properties (water vapor permeability, solubility and water absorption) of the starch film. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles reduce the tensile strength and increase the elongation of the films. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that most of the physical properties of the films were related to their microstructure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oven drying temperatures (at 40, 60 and 80 °C) under hot air, on the color and emulsion characteristics of Cress seed gum. As the temperature of the oven increased, the brightness index and redness index increased, but Yellowness, Chroma and Browning factor decreased with increasing temperature; however the changes were minor and not significant. The Cress seed gum has good emulsion properties (>80%) due to the presence of proteinin the gum. The emulsion stability was also constant at 80 °C after 30 minutes. The foam characteristic of cress seed was higher than 70%, but no significant difference was observed (p>0.05).

Biodegradable packaging is a good alternative to synthetic film in the packaging industry because of its environmental-friendly. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles and thyme oil were used to enhance the structural properties of chitosan, which were produced for the purpose of chitosan - zinc oxide (0.01- 0.03%)  - thyme essential oil (0.25- 0.5%) nanocomposite. The differences between the synthesized samples with control film (blank) are for production of antibacterial and biodegradable packaging, the structural properties were investigated by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, also the morphology of the synthesized particles was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the structural properties showed that the zinc oxide synthesized in the chitosan polymer matrix were nanoparticles. Based on the results, the water solubility and water vapor permeability of films decreased by 70% with increasing zinc oxide concentration and thyme essential oil. The interaction between chitosan, zinc oxide nanoparticles and thyme essential oil was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern. The findings of this study are an important factor for expanding the use of biodegradation films by improving their functional properties by nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology can be used in the food industry for food production, processing, storage and quality control. Nanomaterials, because of their new properties, dissimilar to conventional microscale materials can enhance the sensory quality of foods by presenting new texture, color and appearance. Nanotechnology is used to design nano-sensors and detect harmful components in foods and smart packaging systems, as it enables the detection of food contamination at a very high speed and sensitivity. Smart and active packaging has led to many innovations for the food industry and other industries in the future. Using nanotechnology, new packaging is being improved that enhances the shelf life of foods by improving the mechanical, antimicrobial and inhibitory properties. This article provides an overview on the classification, basic methods, and safety issues of nanomaterials in the food industry.