پژوهش نامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

 Although data sharing includes various advantages and benefits, researchers avoid sharing their data. The present study aims at investigating the barriers to and challenges of data sharing.

 This study analyzed the literature of data sharing by searching related keywords in the field in scientific databases such as WoS, Scopus, PubMed, JSTOR, EBSCO and ProQuest without any time limitation till 1 July 2016.

 Barriers to and challenges of research data sharing are categorized into five groups: individual barriers including time, cost and devoted effort to manage and share data, losing publication opportunities, misuse and misinterpretation of data, motivational and behavioral barriers including the lack of required rewards and stimuli for data sharing and the absence of proper acknowledgment on behalf of those who reuse data, organizational barriers involving the lack of appropriate organizational support, the lack of proper financial and human resources, and the lack of and/or strict sharing policies of organizations, technical barriers including the lack of proper repositories, disuse of suitable data and metadata standards, as well as the low quality of data and language barriers, and  legal and legitimate barriers including data ownership, the right and level of use and accessibility of data, data sensitivity and considerations and the lack of knowledge about legal issues.

 In order to promote and enhance the research data sharing, identifying the barriers to and limitations in data sharing can be used as a framework for promoting and increasing data sharing.

The encouragement and development of research ethics in university graduates is of great importance in the higher education systems of leading countries and upstream documents of Iran's universities. The purpose of the research was to identify the factors affecting the observance of research ethics among students of different educational groups and determine the importance and contribution of these factors.

The study was a correlational one and the statistical population included all graduate students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the academic year of 2014-2015. Sample size was determined by Cochran's formula and quota sampling method and amounted to 400 persons. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire designed and evaluated to determine the ethics of research and the factors affecting it. To answer the research questions, multiple regression and variance analysis tests were used.

The results showed that only two components of time constraints and environmental pressures have the ability to predict the ethics of research. The results of the tests showed that there is a significant difference between the research groups in obeying the ethics of research. The average amount of research ethics in the Animal Sciences-Agricultural Department was higher than other groups, Then, the research ethics ranked second in the basic sciences and humanities departments, and third in the engineering department.

Given the impact of research on the fate of society, the bias of ethics in research can be the cause of the formation of immoral behaviors; therefore, it is better to understand other factors in order to improve the observance of research ethics in universities.

Implicit or tacit knowledge is the knowledge that refers to the knowledge acquired after personal experiences, skills, and awareness in the minds, and its formulation is very difficult and cannot be explained or convey to others. The purpose of this research is to provide a paradigmatic model of tacit knowledge in Iranian universities from the point of view of knowledge and information science experts with a grounded theory approach.

The present research is a qualitative one with the grounded theory method. The statistical population includes knowledge and information science specialists who are expert in the field of knowledge management that were selected by the snowball (chain referencing) sampling. The method of collecting information is in-depth and open interview. 12 individuals were interviewed.

The results showed that tacit knowledge sharing can be attributed to the development of employees' capabilities and prosperity, motivation, attitude and behavior and results in motivation and acquisition of technical and specialized skills, futurology, increased productivity, gaining competitive advantage, and identifying and accurately analyzing requirements.

The most important factor in the creation of tacit knowledge sharing is university managers' knowledge on the importance of tacit knowledge in employees' work process as well as institutionalizing the knowledge sharing culture by using incentive stimuli. Given the identified components, the theoretical model was presented. In this model, all effective elements in tacit knowledge sharing were considered in universities. The presented model can be used as a comprehensive guide for all universities in the country.

Regarding the wide spread of harshness and crime in society in spite of using penal policies shows that preventive methods can influence the reduction of crime commission more than penal methods. In the meantime, social and cultural institutions such as public libraries are acting in this regard. In this study, the role of public libraries in decreasing crime commission and rising social security is investigated.

This study is qualitative and its method is a Delphi technique. Study population included librarianship experts and people working at institutions related to the prevention of crime and social security. Sampling was done by judgmental or purposeful method and 50 subjects participated in the first stage of the study. Data was gathered through a Delphi technique in two stages and analyzed by using SPSS software in descriptive and inferential statistic methods.

The members of Delphi panel determined 32 factors as important and effective factors of social security by public libraries. These factors divided into 7 groups including educational needs recognition, educational materials preparation, wanderer or mobile services, reading promotion, leisure times enrichment, social and cultural activities, and social security and capital.

Findings revealed the importance of the role of public libraries in decreasing crime and increasing social security. The results of this study could be used in planning to raise the social security by public libraries.

As a social power, public libraries can play an effective role in resolving individual and social problems and harms. However, according to statistics, divorce is one of the most important social harms in Iran, especially in Khorasan Razavi province. Therefore, the aim of this research was to prioritize and assess the feasibility of services in public libraries of Mashhad city provided to reduce divorce.

This study was an applied research that has been conducted through a survey. The data gathering tool included two researcher-made questionnaires. There were two research populations in this study. The first involved some experts (including Ph.D. students and faculty members of the Departments of Knowledge and Information Science, Psychology (Family Consultation) and Sociology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad). The second included the librarians of Mashhad public libraries and staff of the General Directorate of the Public Libraries of Khorasan Razavi Province and Mashhad. The sample size of the first population consisted of 30 experts and the sample size of the second population included 86librarians and staff. The sample members of both populations were selected by the random sampling method. The statistical methods were Friedman test and one sample T-test.

From the experts' point of view, there was a significant difference between the priorities of providing services in five categories: educational services, information services, consultancy services, resources-related services and extension services (to reduce divorce). Thus, the "educational services" were at the highest priority and "information services" were ranked as the lowest priority. The services were also prioritized in each of the five categories so that the highest priority in each of the categories was as follows: “holding workshops and life skills classes for families”; “setting up social networks (such as a Telegram channel) and providing information to the families through this to empower the family and acquire life skills”; “the presence of a family counselor or a psychologist at certain times in the library to provide advice and assistance to couples in need of consultation”; “providing visual and audio resources related to the family domain for clients to improve their knowledge on successful family life strategies”; “holding book reading sessions at specific times with the presence of volunteering and interested couples in relation to family issues”. From the perspective of the librarians and staff, the possibility of providing all five categories of above-mentioned services had a significant difference with the optimum level and was less than it.

This research determined the priorities of the services from experts’ viewpoint, which can be effective in reducing the divorce rate. It also showed that the possibility of providing these services in the public libraries of Mashhad was less than the optimal level. Therefore, the results of this research can lead to the awareness of the managers and authorities of the Public Libraries Foundation to provide effective public library services for reducing the divorce rate by planning to provide such services in the public libraries. Doing so, they may help to reduce marital problems and consequently, divorce in the society

Public libraries, as one of the most important and widely used channels in providing information have a significant collaborative role in training and improving the information literacy skills of their users. The study aims to determine the effective components and indicators of the promotion of information literacy skills in the context of public libraries in Iran considering the lack of skills of audience community, the lack of a coherent planning, as well as continuous information literacy training in the mentioned context.

The research is an applied study in terms of the purpose, including a mixed approach. The research data gathered from the content analysis of available information literacy frameworks and holding three rounds of the Delphi Panel of information literacy experts in Iran. Moreover, the research population consisted of four information literacy frameworks in the section of the documentary analysis, and in the section of the human community, it included eleven experts in the first round, ten experts in the second and the third rounds. For data analysis, the coding method and MAXQUDA were used.

The results of the Delphi panel found forty-eight indicators and seven main components, respectively as the following skills: understanding and recognizing the information need, information access, information assessment, information use, information combination, information dissemination, and meta-literacy. The meta-literacy is one of the most prominent components of the present research (including 18 indicators) as one of the main aspects of the differentiation of derived components of the results of this research in comparison with the previous frameworks and models of the information literacy for public libraries.

While removing available insufficiencies and enhancing the information literacy skills of the target community, the results of the study can also be effective with proper scientific flow in filling the research gaps in the field of information literacy in the context of public libraries in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to design and test the model of causal relationship between information literacy and critical thinking by mediating the academic self-efficacy among graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

The research used a correlational method, namely the structural equations modeling (SEM. A great deal of research that has been done on relation to the variables of the present study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables. The suggested model of the research is presented according to the theoretical discussions and the results of the research. In designing the proposed research model, information literacy and academic self-efficacy was considered as an independent variable and a mediator variable, respectively and critical thinking as the dependent variable. In this research, four hypotheses concerning the direct and indirect effects of information literacy on the critical thinking were considered.

The values of goodness-of-fit indices related to the proposed model of research indicated that most of the co-efficient values in the research model were significant and somewhat acceptable. Regarding direct effect hypotheses, the findings showed that information literacy has a direct and positive effect on the academic self-efficacy and critical thinking of graduate students. Also, academic self-efficacy had a direct and positive relationship with critical thinking. The results of Bootstrap test, regarding indirect path showed that information literacy through academic self-efficacy has an indirect and positive effect on the critical thinking of postgraduate students.

The results of the study showed that the proposed model is suitable and acceptable and all of the research hypotheses were confirmed. Based on the findings of this study, information literacy skills and learning by postgraduate students are considered as the key to lifelong learning which plays a major role in enhancing the academic self-efficacy of students and increasing their critical thinking skills. Therefore, it is necessary that information literacy skills and its teaching to students should have a higher priority for higher education and academic institutions, so that we can educate people more competent and capable in society.

Today, social networks in libraries are considered as a new and powerful example of communication between librarians and users. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to investigate the degree of organizational components' effect on the application of social networking in Iran's academic libraries in both status quo and ideal conditions.

It is a survey-analytical research. The research population consists of librarians working in 40 central libraries of government universities. The tool for gathering data is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical sample includes 180 librarians. To analyze data, the descriptive statistics (frequency, percentile of frequency, mean and standard deviation) and to show the significance of the differences, the inferential statistics (such as paired t- tests) were used.

In the component of organizational characteristics, the two items of the field of study (library and non-library) and job satisfaction with average 3.06 have the greatest impact on the use of social networking from viewpoint of librarians. In the investigation of ideal condition regarding the impact of organizational components influencing the use of social networking in the academic libraries, it was revealed that for organizational component, the two items of organizational learning with average 4.21 and organizational competitiveness with average 4.18 have the highest effect on using the social networking in the academic libraries. In overall, it was identified that there is a significant difference between the impact of organizational elements on the use of social networking at the academic libraries in both status quo and ideal conditions.

The results showed that the total average of the effective organizational components for using social networking at the academic libraries in the status quo is 2.93, i.e. in the moderate level and in the ideal condition, it is 4.04 which indicates high level of effectiveness. This situation shows that there is a very good capacity to use social networks in libraries, and in the current situation this capacity is not exploited. Upgrading the status quo can ultimately improve the effectiveness of academic libraries.

This research aimed at investigating the relationship between organizational socialization and job performance among Isfahan public university librarians.

This research is an applied one and its method is descriptive and correlational. The research population comprised of all 139 Isfahan public university librarians in 2017. Through the stratified random sampling and by using Cochran's formula, 100 librarians were selected as the sample. Taormina's organizational socialization (2007) and Paterson's job performance (1970) questionnaires were used. In order to obtain the required data and information, 100 correctly completed questionnaires were returned to the researchers. The content validity used for the validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were acceptable for reliability )0.89 for organizational socialization questionnaire and 0.92 for job performance questionnaire). In order to analysis data, correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Analysis of data was conducted through SPSS software.

The results of the research indicated that there is a significant relationship between organizational socialization and job performance among Isfahan public university librarians. Significant relationship was also observed between organizational socialization dimensions (training, understanding, coworker support and future prospects) and job performance. Demographic variables were not of factors influencing organizational socialization and job performance.

Considering the existence of a significant relationship between organizational socialization and job performance, the Isfahan public university manages and authorities should promote their attitudes and views regarding organizational socialization and plan and organize seriously the creation of promotion opportunities and behavioral patterns in their organization.

Childhood is the root of many behavioral and emotional problems in adulthood. The purpose of this study is to acknowledge children’s capabilities in identifying and understanding the elements of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in children's stories.

The discourse analysis and discursive psychology (DP) approach were used in this study. The sample was 12 children (in ages 7 to 12 years old) who were active members of 3 different branches of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children in Mashhad (2 boys and 2 girls from each branch). These children participated in 3 natural language discussion sessions. Each session lasted for 1 or 1.5 hours which resulted in a 9-hour conversation. Based on the discursive psychology, as body language and intonations transfer meaning, all sessions were recorded with a video camera and mobile phone for analysis. Since the discourse analysis explicitly grounded in semantics and linguistics, it offers a credible research methodology.

The result of the discussion analysis shows that if children are familiar with reading and participate in various book activities, they could express their perception of REBT elements in stories through enriched vocabulary and linguistic units (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, discursive sentences, tone, facial and body movements, proverbs, etc.). It is expected that those who are working with children (i.e., librarians, psychologists, parents, etc.) can base their bibliotherapy programs on the findings of this research and help children prevent or reduce psychological problems and change their irrational beliefs to rational ones.

The findings indicate that REBT theory could provide a suitable basis for bibliotherapy programs by which children have the opportunity to experience cognitive change through enjoyable approaches.

 The aim of this study is to introduce and survey the BIBFRAME model as the alternative for MARC for bibliographic description of the library resources and its applications in the linked data environment.

 The study is a analytical literature review for documentation and analyzing the components and features of the BIBFRAME model.

 A major focus of the BIBFRAME model will be to determine a transition path for the MARC formats while preserving a robust data exchange that has supported resource sharing and cataloging cost savings in recent decades. The basic purpose of this model has been the replacement of the MARC, but it focuses more on the expression and communication of the bibliographic data rather than creating and organizing data.

 The development of the BIBFRAME model is a response to the impact of online networked information, implementing search engines, need to regulating and finding library collections and standardization of bibliographic data for connecting to the linked data environment. The model has potential for solving many web-related library problems such as precise search, authority control, classification, data portability and demystification.

Music Information Retrieval (MIR) involves searching and organizing large collection of music information and requires a conceptual model for bibliographic relationships in various works. Bibliographic relationships define all relationships involved in cataloging bibliographic units. The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of Iranian musical bibliographic records by analyzing their work-to-work relationships based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model.

This study uses a quantitative approach and practical method in order to analysis bibliographic data. The research method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population includes all Iranian musical bibliographic records available in the OPAC of the National Library of Iran from 2011 to 2018 and includes 1367 records for musical works. Data gathering method includes structural observation and documentary method and data gathering tool is a check list. The bibliographic relationships among records are studied according to the table of work-to-work relationships noted in IFLA final report.

Of 1367 bibliographic records that belong to musical works, 320 (23/4%) have work-to-work bibliographic relationships. The highest percentage of work-to-work relationships consists of 304 (95%) adaptive relationships and 16 (5%) complementary relationships. Other work-to-work relationships such as supplement, succession, transformation, summarization and imitation ones do not exist among Iranian musical works. The distribution of relationships in referential and autonomous works consists of adaptation with 301 (94.69%), incidental music with 16 (5%), fantasy with 2 (0.62%) and variation with 1 (0.31%). The rest of the sub-relationships types, as well as main relationships are not seen among the musical works.

The high percentage of Iranian musical works recorded in the National Library of Iran includes traditional Persian music and principal musical modal systems (Dastgah) which, cannot be traced in the features of the international music. Therefore, sub-relationships such as variation, harmonization, cadenza, libretto (operas), etc., as defined in the IFLA report for bibliographic relationships of a work were not mentioned among such musical compositions based on Dastgah music. Most of Iranian musical works are adapted from poetry and lyrics. The distribution of bibliographic relationships among Iranian musical works is only in two adaptation and complement types. Sub-relationships like Cadenza, Libretto, Choreography, Variation, Harmonization and Fantasy, unique to musical works does not exist in most of existing Iranian musical works. Hence, considering the significant difference between Iranian musical works and international musical works, using of FRBR for Iranian musical works in work-to-work relationships is not economically benefit.