نشریه کاوش نامه زبان و ادبیات فارسی
پیاپی 43 (زمستان 1398)

In recent years, efforts have been made to expand the field of subject selection in literary research, to provide studies in films, television, painting and other "cultural texts." An approach that appears to be the result of expanding theories related to critical semiotics and cultural studies, but has led to the provision of research that does not have the philosophical goals and foundations of these theories. This article focuses on literary scholarly research on the subject of cinema and seeks to understand what aspects of the relationship between literature and cinema are of greater interest to academic literary research in Iran and what remains to be neglected. Literary studies appear to be in cinema looking for structure, narrative and other literary components. In these articles, cinematics are often seen as literary texts, and their cinematic features are marginalized, and cinematic studies with a critical and cultural approach and the consideration of a particular aesthetic of films are investigated in a few articles. This paper also shows a serious methodological weakness in the field of cinematic studies in literary research, since the purpose of the studies in adaptive cinema seems to be the fact that the investigations of literary texts and the other dimensions of the relationship between literature and cinema seem to be unclear, and from the perspective of literature, the only ways by which cinema has been studied has been to describe the structure and content of narratives of the films.

Considering the rationality and thoughtfulness of the Holy Qur'an, along with the advancement of rational and transcendental sciences in the light of the teachings of this noble book, literary scholarship has progressed significantly and has shown a remarkable achievement in Islamic civilization. This feature is not limited to Arabic literature, but also from other languages of the Muslim world, including Persian language and literature, in direct interaction with the Holy Qur'an, through which massive works of Quranic verses in Farsi have been written. In the last century, along with the advent of Western literature, Persian literature has also evolved and in the field of fiction literature, we have witnessed the emergence of newer styles, such as short stories and novels. Based on this, many writers of the field of contemporary fiction literature have been trying to reflect on their own talents and present a reflected glimpse of the verses of the Holy Qur'an in their works, each of which has been on its way up and down. One of these writers is Reza Amirkhani, who has paid attention to this issue in his work and, in most of his novels, has been reflecting a general overview of the Qur'anic values.

Jamali Tabrizi is one of the eighth and ninth century’s unknown Khamse storytellers who had written five Masnavis in response to Nezami Ganjavi. There is little information about his life and a part of our knowledge about his birthplace and family is from what was mentioned in his works. From his works, it can be inferred that he was born in the second half of the eighth century and lived until 828 AH. The Khamse of Jamali Tabrizi has 19648 verses and contains Masnavis "Tohfat-ol Abrar", "Meher -o Negar", "Mahzoun -o Mahboub", "Haft Awrang" and "Anoushang Nameh". The only known version of Khamse Jamali is a Manuscript number "1284" in India Office which is held in the Great Britain Museum. The first poems of Khamse are dedicated to Timurid rulers, and the last poem is dedicated to one of Qara-qoyunlu monarches. Unfortunately, the rulers did not pay attention to him and he was one of the unknown and disappointed poets of Iran.

Feminist movement was established with the aim of defending women rights and has undergone many changes. The position of the family and other related discussions are among the issues of central concern to the feminists. Extreme feminists with their devaluing views of marital relationships, valid marriages, having children, marital commitment, etc., can endanger family stability especially in the modern world. In the meantime, through the creation of the fictional works with extreme approaches, the feminist writers have spread devaluing views about family and marital issues among their readers. Adopting a pathological approach, the present paper seeks to explore two of the feministic fictional works particularly associated with the position of women and family. These fictional works include "The Dog and the Long Winter," a novel by Shahrnoush Parsipour, and "My Bird," a novel by Fariba Vafi. The findings indicate that by creating weak personalities of women, promoting extreme views against men, casting doubt on the marriage and the valuable position of the family, not only have these selected works failed to improve the condition of women in their stories, but also they have created an identity crisis for them by dividing them from their natural and social roles and positions.

Qurrat al ‘Ayn is one of the classical Persian texts which compares Persian proverbs with Arabic proverbs. It also compares these proverbs with the Quran verses. This book has been edited and published based on two manuscripts; namely, the manuscript of the University of Tehran (1462) and the manuscript of Tabriz National Library (1531) by Amin Pasha Ejlali more than forty years ago. This study illustrates the imperfections of the previous edition by showing the differences between the old manuscripts and Ejlali’s edition. It also ascertains the necessity of a new edition of this manuscript. Editors of this new edition have used older handwritten versions of this book, like those of Homaei’s (1253), Fatih Library’s (1322), Mara’shi Library’s (1496), as well as two manuscripts of Ayasofya Library (1492 & 16th century). They have shown that choosing less important manuscripts, not recording the base manuscript’s words and even recording wrong or incomplete recording of the manuscripts used, are the most important drawbacks of the previous edition. Availability of older important manuscripts is another reason for the establishment of a new edition. This new edition proves that some of anecdotes and Persian or Arabic poems were missed in the older edition and also there are way better records to be published.

Literature texts have numerous meaning layers and pragmatic interpretations. The reader must extract the intent of the writer or narrator from the text. Human minds use different processes consciously and unconsciously to achieve this goal. The specialists of multiple fields in humanities, such as linguistics and its subsets have had a high regard for how to extract meanings and the hidden intent in a text from the past. The notion of speech act is one of the solutions for understanding the hidden meanings of a text. The history of Beyhaqi is one of the ancient texts which is considered as one of the best literary texts because of its style that indicates the fluency and excellent ability of its writer, Beyhaqi. This research has analyzed “Sultan Amir Masoud’s letter to kharazmshah Altontash” from the history of Beyhaqi based on speech act theory. This notion is constantly used in applied semantics and is located within discourse analysis domain. In this letter, the writer has used more directive acts compared with fewer expressive acts that indicates various meanings.

One of the basic concepts and points of discussion in cognitive semantics is the addition of prepositions. The prepositions have long been used extensively in Persian texts and have been subject to many changes due to the stylistic variations of the texts. They have also been used in many different ways, and their past and present uses differ significantly. ‘From’ is one of the pre-word complement-making prepositions that accepts different positions and roles in Persian language. Marzban Nameh is one of the fourteenth-century Hijri allegorical books that Marzbanbn Rostam created in Tabari dialect, and in the seventh century Sa'd al-Din Warwini translated it into Persian. In this research, the uses and meanings of the letter "from" in the book Marzban-e-Mail are reviewed and the results of this study show that for a number of reasons, including its stylistic differences and characteristics, variations exist in applications and implications of this specific preposition. It is suggested that ‘from’ has already had many implications and uses in previous centuries and the early years of evolution of Persian language, however, many of which have been lost in contemporary usage.

udgment has always been one of the most important concerns of human societies and with regard to the outstanding role of the judges in every society, this subject has been widely reflected in Persian literature. While the manners of the judges have been lost in history books, the poets and men of letters have always tried to assert the existing fraudulent leak frankly or through symbols or allusions and this can double the importance of their literary works. The purpose of this paper is to examine the manners of judgment in the stories of the two literary men of Persian literature in the seventh century. On the one hand, the attitude and the kind of reaction of the poets and literary poets of that period against the distortion of the judiciary manners should be clarified. On the other hand, the ethical features and manners of the judges of justice should be considered with regard to their particular period. This study has been conducted through library research method and the result shows the tragic history since Mongol invasion of Iran caused a decline in the Judiciary system that made poets and men of letters call for justice to fight by a verbal weapon and the scandal would disgrace those judges in history. The results also showed that the manners of the judges from Sa'di and Molavi's views include high ethical and professional traits, such as justice and fairness, science and knowledge, asceticism and piety, virtue and vigilance, and religious and legal observance. The main difference lie in the fact that Sa’adi has focused more on the existing conditions and the reality of the judiciary status and the convicted sentences. Molavi, however, has concentrated more on individual and idealistic ethics.