نشریه نثر پژوهی ادب فارسی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 46 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

political leaders play within citizens lives. The purpose of civil policy is meeting individual, social and spiritual needs and requests in a civil society. The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli and Naseri Morality by Khajeh-I Nasiroldin Tosi are two books that represent the principles of civil policy. The main base of this study is the analysis of similar and non- similar themes of these two politician thinkers. Machiavelli explains the different ways of acquiring and holding power, getting prince position, and the characteristics and moralities of the kings, however, pessimism towards human forms the base of his political theory. Khajeh Nasir, in kingship policy, concentrates on the civil policy principles and moral codes in politics. Machiavelli declares moral codes based on his political approaches and strategies and however, Khajeh Nasir uses moral principles as the foundations of political approaches and totally refuses everything incompatible with moralities which is a reverse picture of Machiavelli's viewpoint. Khajeh proposes respecting the citizens as the most significant principle of civil policy. On the other side, Machiavelli states a different strategy which proposes various treats depending situation and condition and the subalterns who came into power in different ways.

The discussion of parenthetic sentence is one of the discussions that is indicate in two fields of rhetoric and language structure, but considered it as extra, give it a negative concept and because of it, this not in much attention. The present research, by a new approach, studies this discussion in literal- historical work of Nafsatolmasdur the book of Shahabodin Mohammad Khorandazi Nasavi and it tries to beside the discern of their roles, clarify their relation with context. Research method is descriptive- analyzing and data were studied base of documentary method. Results show that parenthetic sentences in Nafsatolmasdur, besides empower romantic aspects of text and increase the power of conduction of language, were employed in 24 roles in context. Research method is descriptive- analyzing and data were studied base of documentary method. Results show that parenthetic sentences in Nafsatolmasdur, besides empower romantic aspects of text and increase the power of conduction of language, were employed in 24 roles in context

In one of the preserved manuscripts in Ayatollah Mareshinkavi's library there is a treatise entitled "Al-Zoroahmasma Fae Mobiri-al-Masma" (Zat al-Sharma al-Shama ...), which is a synopsis of Ali Sami's famous book, Ali al-Sayyid Aliyev, Abolfazl Fieldi Neishabour. The author's name is not specified in the text, but the cataloger of his library introduces "Afzal al-Din Tajjulzman [Kermani]" and considers the compilation date "probably the eighth century". This guess is the result of neglected readings by the cataloger, and such a person does not exist externally. In this paper, it is noted that the time of the time is referred to the possibility of the immediate victimization of Afzal al-Din Kermani, the poet and the sixth and seventh-century astronomers, and the author of the book, Paḥabeqd al-Ali Lalmukhfal al-Ali. In the continuation of the article and after the introduction of the article, the subject is divided into different parts, and the differences with the al-Sa'ayyami are discussed. At the end of the table is the difference between some Persian equivalents in field works and Afzal Kermani.

Kalila and Demna is one of the oldest cultures of books. As a result, various translators interacting with this book have adapted it to the culture and literature of their people.One of the most famous translations of this book is the tale of Bidpay Mohammad bin Abdullah Bukhari. In this article, a comparative analysis of the text of the Bidpay stories with the Arabic text of Ibn Moghfee has been compared, the cases that Abdollah Bukhari has not been well-written for any reason for translating it. However, it is possible that some of these echoes may have been on the part of the Nisakhan or the sculptor of the idiot stories or Arabic text of Ibn Moghfee. In some cases, Persian translation of Nasrallah Mansi and Panjakiane has also been helped to clarify the issue.It is natural that some additions or omissions, such as anecdote or bobby, are apparent in the stupid tale of the Arabic text that is not the subject of this article. In general, Mohammad ibn Abdollah Bukhari, in some cases, can not be properly translated or properly translated, in addition to the manipulation and transgression of Nisakhan.

History books are among the most important sources of recognition of myths. Even Ferdowsi, when seeking the mythological sources of the narrative of the Shahnameh, referred to the “Book of Kings”. Balami and Tha'alibi History are among the most important books of history in Persian. These two books are written simultaneously and with the same theme - the general history of Iran-. Each historian creates a special text based on his work resources and materials and his particular attitude to historiography.Considering myths, each historian has a different perspective, and historians sometimes have rationalized mythical characters; something that Ferdowsi is definitely displeased with. In the last century, a great deal of dissertations has been written about "Recit" and “History” (or story and history) and how they reflect each other in various literary criticisms of the world and most importantly, Paul Ricoeur's unique book "The Story and Time". Here we investigate the difference between the narrative of Goshtasb-the mythical king of Iran- in two books of Balami and Tha'alibi and the results of this research show how the treasury of a literary narrative has gained from his kingdom while Balami has a more historical and insightful look at this mythical character.

Life satisfaction is a positive, general and past-related emotion that is influenced by one's cognitive appraisal. It is start by stop complaining about the divine provisions and accepting and pleasing by it and it extend throughout the life. The Golestan as an educational literature is presented with beliefs and skills that promote satisfaction. Full satisfaction rank(Reza) is higher than submissive rank and lower that annihilation rank in mysticism. In positive psychology satisfaction is one of the two dimensions of well-being. Our aim is to identify and analyze the concept of life satisfaction from Saadi's point of view by considering the Golestan anecdotes. It seems that Saadi think that having a correct cognitive appraisal of the world by utilizing moral and educational virtues such as Reza, patience, contentment, gratitude and appreciation is key tools for having life satisfaction. The study shows that Saadi presented the concept of life satisfaction in the form of storytelling, anecdote and allegory with the help of rhetorical and literary techniques such that audience receive and perceive his message in the most beautiful art form. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and based on analysis of documents and anecdotes content of the Saadi's Golestan

Nafthah al-Masdour is one of the most prominent texts of artificial prose that has been written in the middle of the 7th century by the writer Zaidari Nasavi. The author of this work unmistakably, during the description of the events of the years of the Tatar invasion, by arriving at the death of Sultan Jalaluddin Khwarazmshah, compels his pen in his immortality, but, contrary to the definition of the courthous elegy, the Zaidari Nasavi ‘s elegy, like a personal elegy, has emotional dimension and strong feeling. Hence, this study, with consideration of linguistics as one of the representations of internal reactions during mourning, seeks to obtain the author's incentive to write this elegy in a descriptive-analytical manner and to use the theory of mourning for investigate this elegy. The theory of grief is the result of psychologists' attention to the psychological and behavioral consequences of the fallen faces in the face of the mourning of loved ones. The findings of this study show that this period is consistent with the manifestations of the theory of bugs and its stages. This result suggests that Zaidari Nasavi, reflecting his interest in Sultan Jalaluddin Khwarazmshah, shows his spiritual tales in response to his death in the form of personal elegy.

Understanding the style of each literary work helps to understand the content and contents of the work. The Five Majles is one of six of Saadi's prose treatises compiled in his entirety. Since the subject matter of these assemblies is Sufi education, Therefore, Sufism discourse and the tone of speech are dominant and Saadi sometimes chose a particular mystical language to express the meanings And he has spoken of the manner of the Sufi elders and the style of Sufi works Each of the five houses is the written form of a pulpit Saadi wrote them for his disciples and disciples Given that the mystical content and style of Sa'ad's preaching have influenced the syntactic structure of this work, The purpose of this study is to investigate the syntactic characteristics of one of these houses (Fifth Assembly) The layered stylistic pattern is a descriptive-analytical one To identify syntactic bumps and high-frequency grammatical features.The result of the analysis of the constituency of the Fifth Majlis shows that Overall the linguistic and syntactic structure of this House is neatly arranged, But Saadi's grammar and grammar in the case of innovations, selections and special occasions such as: Using short sentences, using consonant sentences, high frequency of attribute sentences, The repetition of additions, the multiplicity of predictive and empirical uses, the greater the expression of passive grammatical sounds in sentences, The Persian sentences have been linked to Arabic sentences and have been limited in Arabic syntax