مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (امرداد و شهریور 1398)

Uncontrolled movement has a significant impact on the development of movement disorders and pain. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of neck movement pattern modifications on pain and function in women with nonspecific chronic neck pain. </strong>

For this purpose, women (36.5 ± 5.7 years) with nonspecific chronic neck pain were randomly assigned in the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Pain and function of the participants were measured before and after the intervention, using visual analog scale (VAS) and Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation, respectively. The repeated measure analysis of variance and paired t tests were used for data analysis.

 The neck movement pattern modifications had significant effects on pain (P = 0.001) and function (P = 0.004) in the experimental group.

Due to the high reported effect size for neck movement pattern modifications, it is suggested to be used as a supplementary method in improvement of pain and function in women with nonspecific chronic neck pain.

The relationship between oral health care providers </em>and the service customers has been noticed seriously by dental education system. The aim in this study is to study and compare the rate of empathy of dentists and dental students with addicted subjects in Isfahan, Iran, in 2018.

 In this cross-sectional study, the study population consisted of dental students of Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, and dentists working at dental clinics of Isfahan. In total, 100 participants from each group entered the study by the convenience sampling method. A two-part questionnaire including demographic information and Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) was filled out by the volunteers. The chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and a linear regression model were employed for statistical analysis of the data.

 The rate of empathy with the addicted subjects was significantly higher among the dentists (62.01 ± 4.06) in comparison to the dental students (59.05 ± 4.48) (P < 0.001). The mean score of empathy was not significantly different between men and women or between single and married dentists and dental students (P > 0.050). A direct but poor association was revealed between the age of dental students and their empathy with the addicted subjects (r = 0.271; P ≤ 0.050), but among the dentists, age was not associated with empathy (P = 0.780). Based on the linear regression model, the rate of empathy of the dentists with the addicted subjects was significantly higher than that of the dental students (P < 0.001). No significant association existed between the empathy rate and demographic characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, and job experience </em>(P > 0.050).

 Although the rate of empathy with the addicted subjects was significantly higher among the dentists compared to the dental students, both groups revealed a moderate level of empathy. Thus, dental education program planners should </em>introduce such educational programs into the dental curricula to increase the empathy with drug addicted individuals.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobiological condition affecting school-age children. One of the main symptoms is short attention span, which is a key factor of poor academic performance, especially in tasks requiring long term concentration. Children with ADHD often jump from task to task without finishing any of them. They feel trapped by any task that takes longer than the time they’re able to stay focused. Improving this skill usually requires breaking tasks into smaller segments while working to increase the child’s attention span. The goal of this research was design and validation of a software package based on Eye-tracker to improve attention in children with ADHD.

This research is a validation study on the population of the psychologists that were expert in the field of learning and cognitive deficits in children and teenagers, and the educational technologies, among which ten people were purposefully selected. The tools used in this research included a game made by Unity, and Tobii Eye Tracker 4C. For content validation, a questionnaire was prepared by the technical team, and filled by psychologists. Software validity was calculated using the Kappa coefficient.

After applying requested revisions, the data of the questionnaires was analyzed, and the software validity was 94.8% in terms of Kappa coefficient.

The software seems to have appropriate content validity and may be advised to be used to improve attention in children with ADHD.

Currently, anger and violence are one of the important reasons for referral of children and adolescents to counseling and psychotherapy. Anger management skills are one of the most effective approaches to prevent the expansion of high-risk behaviors and to improve personal and social efficiency. The purpose of this study was to design a new game for anger prevention and teaching anger management skills in children.

Due to the availability of smart phones, the game was designed and implemented as an Android-based application for children. Using Android Basic software, the game was developed according to the advices taken from peers in in psychology and computer science. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the game, 105 children aged 8 to 12 years old were included from Khomeini Shahr and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group (n=52) received the software while the control group (n=53) were trained by traditional method and group method under the supervision of counselor. Anger rate was measured using the Novak Anger Questionnaire. Paired T test and Independent T tests were administered for intra- and intergroup comparisons.

Participation in the traditional anger management training program and Emily's play in both groups significantly reduced the three components of anger and overall anger score on the Nova scale. And in other words, using Emily's software and the toy box was just as effective as traditional methods of teaching anger management to children. However, the reduction in anger scores and its components in the experimental group averaged 10 to 17 percent more than the traditional methods.

The results of this study showed that the android application “Emile and the Toy Box” may be effective for teaching anger management skills in children aged 8 years and older and it mainly reduced aggressive behaviors in children

nowadays, computer games play an important role on the cognitive and behavioral health of the community. The purpose of this research was to investigate the short-term effects of Flow Free® on the players' neurologic characteristics.

A total of 40 healthy male students aged 20 years and over were randomly divided in the control and experimental groups. All tests were performed before and after the game in experimental group. The tests performed only once in the control group without participating in the game following watching the game. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol and alpha amylase levels. Cognitive tests and electro-encephalography were performed. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranked test

There was no significant difference between groups in demographic characteristics and pre-intervention measures (same as experimental participant without playing game). Post-tests showed no significant change in control group. In experimental group, PASAT results indicated a significant increase in mental health (P=0.037) and sustained attention (P=0.046); the changes in the concentration of alpha amylase (P=0.009) and salivary cortisol (P=0.01) after the game showed a significant increase compared to the pre-test. Also, an increase in the mean surface of the pattern of stress index (p=0.039) and attention index (P=0.048) were recorded. Post-test measures in experimental group were also significantly different from control group.

Flow Free®, as a stimulant of the central nervous system, imposed increased activity of the stress path and changes in brain signals. As a result, it strengthened the cognitive element of attention in the players after the game.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of rehabilitation games on increasing continuous attention.

The research design was based on Quasi-experimental with two experimental groups. Statistical population of this research consisted of students in Islamic Art University of Tabriz in 1398. 30 of whom were selected and divided into two groups of 15 each. 15 persons played with the rehabilitation games and 15 patients did not intervene with the game. The data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (p <0.001) which is showing the rehabilitation game has improved the level of attention.

This study shows that rehabilitation game can be used as an effective method in individuals to increase attention

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy of students' low working memory (WM) through self-generated augmented-reality (AR) based flipped English for Medical Purposes (EMP) reading classes on quality of students' academic and professional lives.

In this complementarity study, research method was semi-experimental with a design of cross-contextual (continuous & real-workplace) assessment along with soliciting attitudes and debriefing perception in the very initial and final phases, respectively. In the academic year 2018, after determining the WM capacities of 210 students of Medicine from Medical University of Isfahan, they were randomly divided into seven heterogeneous groups with high visual and/or high verbal WM heads to practice EMP reading comprehension in 18 self-generated AR-based sessions; in each session, they were simultaneously assessed in both instructional-learning context and field.

Student active engagement in self-generating the ARs spread the intrinsic cognitive load of EMP reading materials for students with low WM capacity, suggesting that students are inclined to active-participation courses.

student active participation in self-generating AR-based activities played a crucial role in cognitive therapy of students' Psychological Reading Process and promoting EMP reading comprehension. However, the results should be viewed as suggestive.

 Stroke is known as the second cause of disability in adults, which finally leads to disabilities such as movement impairments, cognitive disorders, and speech disorders. Balance disturbance and neuromuscular incoordination are the most common adverse effects of stroke. Using virtual reality systems are considering as a standard treatment method in neurologic disorders especially in stroke. Nintendo Wii games let patients do different tasks in miscellaneous environment.

 Medline, PEDro, and Cochrane library databases were searched until 2018. Articles that used Nintendo Wii in treatment of balance disturbance in any phase of stroke were selected.

 Among 21 studies, 8 were selected. In these studies, balance test was used as main outcome measure. Improvement of static balance was shown in 2 studies. In 3 of them, balance improved significantly in intervention group rather than control group. Moreover, in 3 other studies, improvement process was reported in patients with stroke, but the results were not significant.

 The result of all included studies showed positive effect of Nintendo Wii game on balance in patients with stroke.