نشریه حدیث حوزه
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 18، بهار و تابستان 1398)

The sermon of Fadak, is Hazrat Zahra’s (PBUH) speech which was given little after death of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and at the time of seizing of Fadak by the caliphs of the time. It is one of the most important evidences of rightfulness of Ahl al Bayt for succession of prophet (PBUH) and it shows the deviation of the Muslim community. Some refused the content of this sermon and tried to make doubt in relation of this sermon to Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) and claimed it is a figment of the Shia. This research, by an analytical-descriptive method tries to measure sermon of Fadak with the accepted principles of Shia and Sunni studies. Analyzing different aspect of this sermon shows authenticity of the sermon from different angles. The sermon of Fadak is cited in reliable sources of Shia including “The Four Books” and also is quoted in some ancient narrative-historical books of Sunnis. The content analysis of this narrative, which has done by non-text based analysis, shows that the text and content of this sermon are in same line with the historical and narrative evidences of Shia and Sunnis.

Passing of time and problems in writings and copying of hadith's writings caused damages for documents of narrations. Transmitting, dropping and omitting of intermediary in the chain of documents are among them. This writing tries with emphasizing on documents of narrations of The Four Books, to discover, study and analyze recognizing methods of hidden transmission, reason and evidences of them in narrations of The Four Books. The basic question is what factors or evidences led to hidden transmission in documents of narrations? Which methods and approaches are there for dealing with the dilemma of transmission in documents of narrations? For achieving this goal, we analyzed methods like taxonomy and comparison of similar documents, Takhrij(process of tracking the hadiths in various collections) of documents and text of hadith in other narrative sources, difference in versions and other Ijtehadic evidences with samples of that in documents of The Four Books, and in second chapter, dealt with reasons and evidences of hidden transmission such as: falsification in document, alternation in name of the narrator or narrators in documents and similar names of some narrators in documents of The Four Books.

After Publicization the movement of writing of Hadith in Shia community, many Hadith books edited by companions of Imams (as). Since ago the ways of transferring these writings to the author of the four books was one of the challenges for Hadith researchers. In this article, following brief introduction of Mohammad ibn Muslim and his book, transmission of his narrations to Kulayni has examined. According to Kulayni's method in Al-Kafi book and data of index, this assumption has confirmed, that the book of Mohammad ibn Muslim didn’t independently transmitted to 4th and 5th century; but narrations of Mohammad ibn Muslim book’s has reflected to intermediary sources (such as Hariz ibn Abdollah Sajistani’s book) and has transmitted to next generation.

According to narrations cited with various documents in Islamic sources especially narrative community of Sunnis, women are known as majority of inhabitant of the hill.This content has reported in authentic sources of Sunnis such as Sahih e Bukhari, Muslim, Sunnan ibn Majeh, Jameh Termezi. Although same content reported through Ahl al Baytt (as) from the prophet (sa) in the Shia hadith community, but in some other narrations, Ahl ol Beit (as) rejected this content. This research by analyzing existing document and text of narrations, evaluating the authenticity of issuing of these narrations and discovering their main purpose, conclude that the content of these narrations in some Sunnis quotations is meaning-based quotation and led to incorrect narrating of the content. Also, What has rejected in the narrations of Ahl al Bayt (as) is just this incorrect quoting, but the origin of narration which has reported in some other paths of Sunnis and also in narrations of Ahl al Beit (as), confirmed by some evidences within the content, that is, narration of prophet (sa) issued while he was addressing number of women whom weren’t thankful toward their husbands and he just addressed the majority of women are will be inhabitant of the hill whom aren't thankful toward their husbands.

Ibrahim ibn Hashemi Ghomi, is an active Shiite narrator that lack of information from his scientific and personality caused challenges regarding scope of his life and narrative taxonomy. Discussing regarding the narrative taxonomy of Ibrahim draw the attention of scientists since the past and at the time of editing of past Rejali (Biographical evaluation) sources and even the early Hadith communities. But because of some reasons such as brevity of texts, non-comprehensive of previous researches and being hidden of some effective evidences in solving the issue, this issue is still discussable and needs for more elaborating and more specific researches. This writing, by discussing and explaining the time range of his life and scientific activities, will deal with most major challenges of taxonomy that is: Possibility of narration from Imam Reza and Imam Javad (as) and also being student of Yunis ibn abo Al Rahman and Hammad ibn Ottman.By analyzing of historical evidences, Rejali(related to Science of verification of traditionists) and documentary, will conclude that there isn’t direct narration from Imam Reza (as), Yunis ibn Rahman and Hammad ibn; But it could be proved that his being honored to be at presence of Imam Javad (as) while he was juvenile and for a short period of time and has report some narrations from his Excellency.

The term “Fitna” (sedition) and its derivatives repeated many times in verses of Quran and sometimes adapted to different examples. Some narrations also have explained and elaborated on these verses. Some hadiths which interpret verses of fitnas, refer to events of era of emergence of Imam Mahdi (aj) which being cognizant of them lead to salvation and recognizing right from false in that era. In this writing by searching the examples of verses about "Fitna" in narrations, its concept has clearly explained and adapted to the era of emergence. Affliction, polytheism, deception and … are stated evidences for fitna. Also a group of narrations introduce acceptance of vilayat of caliph's of Allah especially vilayt of Imam Mahdi (aj), as an important fitna. Also imagination of creation of new religion will be among important examples in the era of emergence which will cause rejection or doubt in acceptance of vilayat of Imam Mahdi (aj).

Successfulness of Shia hadith researches in facing with some common contents and terms between two sects of Shia and Sunni occurs while both sides are aware of their last researches and disputes. To achieve this goal in this article we will introduce four articles belongs to Sunni authors which has written against Imamiyyah Hadith in last decade in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The first work published in current year with title of "Aqayid al'shia wa haqayquhm al'mughayba" (Shia beliefs and their hidden beliefs) and probably soon it will be known as reference book which containing collection of critics of Shia beliefs in Sunni's scientific centers. Second work with title of " Bara'at ayima al al'bayt min aqyda al'ithna Ašarīyah's fi al'imama wa al'sahaba" (Ahl al Bayt's (as) denial from Ithnā ʿAšarīyah's beliefs in Imamat and Sahabah) which has written in Umm Al Qura University and tries to introduce Shia against recommendation of Ahl al'Bayt (as) and believes function and thought of Ahl al'Bayt (as) is close to Salafis. Third work is " Ahlal'bayt bayn al'madarasatyn" (Ahl al'Bayt(as) between two schools) the author discussed the concept of Ahl al Bayt in Shia and Sunni and accusing Shia that they didn’t get the concept properly. The forth work is "Aqayid al'rafidha wa rad al'olama' al'shafieya alyha" (Rafida's beliefs and respond of Shafi‘i’s scholar) Sudanese author of this book in Saudi has tried to present all partial and general beliefs of Shia in his book and expressed respond and rejection of Shafi‘i’s scholars to these beliefs from the first to the thirteenth centuries. Since the publishing of first and forth book just few months have passed.