فصلنامه مدیریت بحران و وضعیت های اضطراری
پیاپی 35 (بهار 1397)

Iran is located in a disastrous region; yet, most of the problems requiring to be considered with relation to safety issues for the reduction of the damages caused by natural disasters has been neglected. Consequently, this research is aimed at investigating the effects of preventive culture on the reduction of the damages caused by natural disasters from the viewpoints of the employees of the Red Crescent Society of Kerman. This is a descriptive correlational research whose data is collected by a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes 150 of the employees of Kerman Red Crescent Society. Cochran’s formula was used to estimate the sample size which resulted in 108 employees. The questionnaires were distributed among the sample randomly. Inferential analysis of the questionnaire was performed using single sample excel, Friedman test, correlation coefficient and regression test in T-test software. The results indicated that preventive culture significantly affects positively the reduction of damages caused by events. Furthermore, creation of security and prevention, competent leadership, responsibility and learning and teaching significantly influences the reduction of damages caused by natural disasters.

The aim of conducting this study is to examine the effect of knowledge management on employees’ empowerment in Crisis Management Organization of Tehran Municipality. A descriptive – correlation research method is used in this study. Statistical population of this study is consisted of all the employees of Crisis Management Organization of Tehran Municipality that are a total of 95 person. Considering the fact that research population of this study is limited, full enumeration has been used and all the members of research population have been selected as research sample. For studying research variables, a 57- item questionnaire was used which measures two variables. Reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha test and its validity was also confirmed by a group of university professors. Inferential statistical methods of parametric type like Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used for assuring data normal distribution and structural equations model and path analysis in LISREL were used for testing research hypotheses. Major research findings indicated that in general, knowledge management has a positive effect and significant effect on employees’ empowerment; knowledge creation has a positive and significant effect on employees’ empowerment; knowledge acquisition has a positive and significant effect on employees’ empowerment; knowledge storage has a positive and significant effect on employees’ empowerment; knowledge sharing has a positive and significant effect on employees’ empowerment; and knowledge application has a positive and significant effect on employees’ empowerment.

On April 9, 2013, an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale shook Shonbeh town of Bushehr province. That earthquake was one of the major ones of the early 2010s. After the earthquake, relief forces arrived at the area and began to rescue the people with the help of local forces. Subsequently, the authorities in charge started to plan for emergency and temporary resettlement, and reconstruction. As the study of the crisis management process and methods of this earthquake contain many lessons, this research aims at investigating the crisis management methods and techniques through concentration on emergency and temporary settlement. Accordingly, this research is conducted through participant observation in the earthquake zone and a field study in Shonbeh and interviews with authorities and managers in crisis management. The results revealed that crisis managers in Shonbeh town practiced weakly in preparation, prevention, emergency resettlement statistics, and designing appropriate plans for reconstruction. However, they worked quite well in terms of quick reaction, deployment of machines to the area, providing rescue services and the pace of action in reconstruction. It is suggested that the strong points be reinforced, and the weak points be eliminated.

Physical security is not the only security required to be provided by governments; rather, the establishment of ontological security is also necessary. The revolution in information and communication of the modern age is threatening the security of the "self"; therefore, research in these areas seem quite vital for governments. Employing a theoretical approach to the ontological security of Giddens, and trying to describe the concept of crisis and the actual crises of the Islamic republic of Iran, this descriptive-analytic research makes an attempt to identity the post-election identity threats of presidential election through the concept of the ontological security. It explains why the threats of 2009 crisis gained little success. The results indicated that identity concerns, that is, maintaining ontological security which entangled Islamic-Iranian features, is the main cause of the failure of threats in this critical situation. The issue of seizure can also be clarified by the ontological security challenges approach, until the basic trust system of the principal reassurance is established. This research is mainly aimed at notifying that so long as the identity and the Islamic Revolution itself are embedded in the Iranian Islamic beliefs, faith and values, its survival is guaranteed.

The employment of knowledge management capacity is crucially important for ensuring patients’ satisfaction and maintaining the health of individuals. The use of knowledge and experience have saved many lives in lots of cases, especially in critical situations. The Social Security Organization is always threatened by crises which require planning. This study is intended to investigate the direct and indirect effects of knowledge management on crisis reduction through the mediating role of human resource agility in Shariati Hospital of Isfahan. The results demonstrated that knowledge and agility of medical team greatly improvethe condition of the medical services significantly at time of crises and improves medical services and reduces potential dangers. Generally, knowledge management influences the overall performance of the health center, improves the quality of health services, reduces potential risks, and results in patients' satisfaction.

This paper responds to a desire expressed by members of the BCI partnership to develop further understanding of crisis management. It aims were to define the term crisis and its varying nature and characteristics, to explore whether crisis management might best be defined as a process or a capability, to identify and describe the key elements, systems, skills and cultural implications of crisis management and its implementation, including its relationship with crisis communications, and to describe the likely benefits of fostering an effective crisis management capability. The paper is the output of a BCI membership subgroup coordinated by the BCI Partnership. It does not represent the views of the BCI or any other organization. It is intended to be used as a platform for stimulating debate among BCI practitioners.