Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Spring 2020

Oxidative stress after major surgeries is associated with the development of poor clinical outcomes including delayed wound healing and increase in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) length of stay. Due to the growth and development phase in childhood, the change in the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation is of high importance in these patients. Notably, the acute metabolic stress which is in association with oxidative stress rate, is believed to increase after major surgeries in pediatric patients. It is suggested that the presence of selenium in different selenoenzymes and selenoproteins, may play a major role in anti-oxidative defense system in surgical inflammation through regulation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, insulin transport pathways and gene expression of inflammatory mediators and other functions of lymphocytes B and T, natural killer and lymphokine activated killer cells. Selenium requirement in acute metabolic stress following major surgeries is essential for pediatric cases, therefore selenium supplementation in such patients may be helpful and cost effective in long term. Further clinical studies are required to clarify the potential beneficial effects of selenium supplementation in addition to its dose safety and efficacy rate.

Oxygenated water intake can increase cell death markers by increasing free radicals; however, sport activities and antioxidant substances can prevent some symptoms of free radical production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training (ET) and purslane (portulaca oleracea) seed (PO) consumption on cytochrome-C and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with H2O2. 

Forty five male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of 5 rats, including: 1)control, 2)50mg/kg PO, 3)200mg/kg PO, 4)400 mg/kg PO, 5)ET, 6)ET+50mg/kg PO, 7)ET+200mg/kg PO, 8)ET+400mg/kg PO, and 9)healthy control. During 8 weeks, groups 1-8 received 1 mmol/kg H2O2 intra-periton eally, three times per week, and groups 5-8 ran on treadmill for three days per week. 

ET and PO significantly reduced cytochrome-C and MDA (p=0.001), however the interactive effect of ET and PO on the reduction of cytochrome-C (p=0.52) and MDA (p=0.08) was not significant; 200 mg/kg (p=0.01) and 400 mg/kg (p=0.001) PO significantly reduced cytochrome-C, as well as 400 mg/kg PO had more effect on the reduction of cytochrome-C than 200 mg/kg (p=0.01). Also, 400 mg/kg PO significantly reduced MDA (p=0.001). 

It seems that ET and PO improve cytochrome-C and MDA in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with H2O2.

It has been reported that doxorubicin can cause liver damage; however, exercise and crocin consumption can improve antioxidant defense.The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of continuous training with crocin consumption on the liver tissue of doxorubicin-poisoned rats.  In this experimental study, 40 rats were selected and divided into five groups of eight subjects, including: 1)unhealthy control(Dox), 2) crocin consumption, 3) continuous training, and 4) continuous training with crocin consumption and 5) healthy control( salin). For eight weeks, groups 1 to 4 received 2 mg / kg of doxorubicin peritoneally seven times each Friday throughout the study period. Groups 1 and 4 received 10 mg / kg of crocin peritoneally per day, and groups 3 and 4 performed five sessions of continuous training per week and group 5 only injected by normal salin 0.9%.  Doxorubicin induction had a significant effect on decreasing SOD and CAT as well as increasing MDA ; continuous training and crocin consumption had a significant effect on increasing SOD and CAT in doxorubicin-poisoned rats P˂(0.05), however, continuous training along with crocin consumption had no interactive effect on increasing SOD and CAT in doxorubicin-poisoned rats P˃(0.05); continuous training and crocin consumption had a significant effect on decreasing MDA in doxorubicin-poisoned rats. Also, continuous training along with crocin consumption had interactive effect on decreasing MDA in the liver tissue of doxorubicin-poisoned rats P˂ (0.05).  It seems that continuous training along with crocin consumption has an interactive effect on decreasing MDA in the liver tissue of doxorubicin-poisoned rats, however it has no interactive effect on increasing SOD and CAT.

The present study was carried out to compare the inhibitory effect of alginate coatings containing Zataria Multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZMEO) in two forms of coarse emulsion and Nano-emulsion on the growth of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7in beef fillet during 16 days of refrigeration (4 C °). Accordingly, alginate solutions (3%) with different concentrations of ZMEO (0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) were prepared and coarse emulsion and Nano-emulsion forms were then prepared. Beef fillets after being inoculated by Escherichia coli O157:H7 (1.5×105 log CFU/g) were immersed in different alginate treatments and bacterial count was performed during refrigeration on days: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16.Results indicated that alginate coating containing ZMEO in both forms (coarse/Nano-emulsion) is a proper candidate to control E. coli O157:H7   at 4 C °; however higher antibacterial effect (P <0.05) was observed in samples treated by Nano-emulsion form than coarse emulsion when they were compared to control. The lowest bacterial growth was observed in samples coated with alginate Nano-emulsion containing 1% ZMEO (5.3 ± 0.24 log CFU/g) at the end of storage.  Accordingly, applying alginate coatings containing ZMEO particularly in the form of Nano-emulsion, can effectively decrease the growth of E. coli O157:H7 during storage; therefore, It is natural additive which can be chosen to be applied in food industry specially meat industry.

In many cultures fasting is recommended as a way to protect and promote health. However, there are few studies on the effects of fasting on organ function and resistance to toxic agents such as drugs. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term periodic fasting on the acetaminophen hepatotoxic effects in mice. 

In this experimental study, BALB/c female mice were used to investigate the effect of short-term periodic fasting (3 consecutive days, every 2 weeks for ten weeks) on serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) level and hepatotoxic effects induced by acetaminophen. After ten weeks of periodic fasting, 500 mg/kg acetaminophen was injected intraperitoneally to mice. 24 hours later, AST and ALT levels were measured and then the mice were sacrificed to evaluate their liver injury severity using the pathological method as the gold standard. 

Our results showed that AST and ALT enzymes increased in the control groupof mice (P = 0.0098 & P = 0.0004, respectively (Mann-Whitney test)) which was associated with high-grade liver injury (P = 0.001 (Fisher’s Exact test)). In contrast, the fasting group of mice showed slight changes in the amount of AST and ALT enzymes associated with low-grade liver injury. 

Acetaminophen is a common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Our findings in the current study showed that fasting can protect important organs such as the liver against the toxic effects of drugs. This study in mice could provide insight into human states.

Metabolic dyslipidemia caused to diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its secondary consequence are the development of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The main of this study was to observe the effects of eight weeks aerobic interval exercise with different types of volumes on cardiovascular factors and liver enzymes in women with dyslipidemia.

In this study, 30 middle-aged women with high blood fat were selected and they were divided into three groups: 1.Low-volume training (three sessions per week, n=10) (LVT), 2.High-volume training (four sessions per week, n=10)(HVT) and 3.Control (n=10)(C). The exercise program has consisted of eight weeks, three and four sessions per week for 45 to 60 minutes with an intensity of 65 to 75 percent of maximal heart rate. To compare inter and within-group, t-student and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the differences between groups.

weight, BMI, body fat, WHR, ALT, AST, and TG in both groups decreased significantly. Maximum oxygen uptake increased significantly at the end of period training in both training groups. The levels of TC, LDL-C were significantly decreased only in the LVT, but not in HVT group. Systolic blood pressure level decreased significantly in both groups, but no significant change in diastolic blood pressure was observed.

Eight weeks of aerobic-interval exercise improved cardiovascular factors, liver enzymes and body composition in women with dyslipidemia. Therefore, it is suggested that some of the cardiovascular factors and liver enzymes of women with dyslipidemia may be used for improvement.

Inappropriate diet and inactivity are the most important causes of overweight and obesity which have negative effect on individuals’ physical and mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of caffeine supplementation with aerobic training on quality of life and life expectancy in overweight men. 

In this quasi-experimental study, 60 overweight men (at age range 40-60 years with BMI ≥ 30) were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control (C), (2) Caffeine supplement (Ca), (3) Aerobic training (AT), and (4) Ca+AT. Aerobic training was performed three times a week for eight weeks, each session for 25 to 40 minutes at 60-80% of maximum heart rate, and the caffeine supplementation groups consumed 5 mg/kg of caffeine daily in two servings. The research variables were evaluated by the Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Life Expectancy Questionnaire.  The data of the present study were also analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software (p≤0.05). 

Aerobic training increased total score of quality of life (p≤0.05), mental health (p ≤0.05) and life expectancy (p≤0.05) in overweight men. Caffeine supplementation increased total score of quality of life (p≤0.05). Also, the quality of life score with its subscales and life expectancy score in the aerobic + caffeine group were significantly higher than the control (p≤0.05), training (p≤0.05) and caffeine supplement (p≤0.05) groups. 

Aerobic training seems to be more desirable than caffeine consumption in improving quality of life and life expectancy; however, the interaction between aerobic training and caffeine consumption is more desirable than aerobic training and caffeine consumption alone in improving quality of life and life expectancy.

Adolescence is the transition between life as a child and life as an adult covering the ages between 10-19 years. This study aimed to assess adolescent nutritional status and associated factors among school-going adolescents in Finote Selam town, Ethiopia, 2018. 

A school-based cross-sectional study was used. A total of 437 adolescent students were included in the study. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select study subjects. The data were entered using Epi info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. A binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with underweight. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% level significance were used to measure the strength of association and statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05. 

The overall prevalence of underweight, normal, and overweight among adolescent students at Finote Selam town were 46.2%, 51.0%, and 2.7%, respectively. Being male adolescent students, adolescent students who came from a rural area, Adolescent students who were born from an illiterate father, Adolescents from uneducated mothers, adolescent students who were from family size of greater than or equal to five were significantly associated with underweight at a P-value

Underweight was the major prevalent problem in the study area. Sex, place of residence, father`s education level, mother’s education level, family size and father`s occupation were important factors associated with underweight among the respondents. Therefore, the influence of these factors should be considered to develop strategies for reducing malnutrition in the town.

Bread is widely used worldwide and provides a significant share of the energy, protein, minerals and vitamins needed by the body. The aim of this study was to determine the pH, salt, sodium and potassium content of traditional breads in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province.

In this study, 451 traditional bread samples of different types randomly collected by baker’s health inspectors across Chaharmahal V Bakhtiari Province in 2016. The pH, salt, sodium and potassium content of the bread samples were measured by pH metric, potentiometric and flame photometric methods at the Food Control Laboratory of Shahrekourd University of Medical Sciences.

In this study, the average pH, salt, sodium and potassium content of bread samples were 5.85, 1.95%, 765 and 108 mg /100g, respectively. At least 7.7% of the bread samples were positive for sodium bicarbonate use and 54% were more than the maximum allowed for salt content. In this study, the ratio of sodium to potassium was 12.07.

This study showed that salt use was high in bread production and a significant portion of the bread samples were positive for sodium bicarbonate use. Continuing this situation is a major threat to the health of the community. Therefore, strong control and supervision over the bread production units are essential.