نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1398)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a behavioral disorder in children that has many problems, and several therapeutic methods have been proposed to reduce the behavioral problems of children with this disorder. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy training for mothers on reducing behavioral problems in male elementary school students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This study was semi-experimental (pretest-posttest with the control group). In the present study, the statistical population includes all mothers with male elementary school students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Tehran city in 2016. Among them, 30 mothers were selected based on purposive and available sampling. They were assigned randomly into control (n = 15) and the experimental group (n = 15). Before the educational intervention, a pretest was taken in both groups. The data collection tool was the Rutter child behavior questionnaire (parent form). The child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT) model was done in 10 sessions for mothers in the experimental group. Each session takes 120 minutes. The control group did not receive any education. Then the posttest was taken in both groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

Play therapy training for mothers causes considerable changes in scores of aggression and hyperactivity (η2 = 0.192, F = 5.481), anxiety and depression (η2 = 0.253, F = 7.800), social incompatibility (η2 = 0.315, F = 10.578), antisocial behaviors (η2 = 0.488, F = 21.906), and attention deficit disorder (η2 = 0.211, F = 6.154) of subjects in experimental group in comparison with the control group (P ≤ 0.05).

Play therapy training for mothers can help to reduce behavioral problems in male elementary school students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

In diabetes mellitus, stem cells are exposed to inappropriate conditions such as an increase of glucose in extracellular space, oxidative stress, and deprivation from growth factors (following ischemia). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of these conditions on stem cells.

Stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats. The cells were maintained for 24 h in culture medium containing 25-50 mM glucose to simulate hyperglycemic condition. For the induction of the ischemic model, the cells were incubated for 12-36 h with the medium deprived of glucose- and growth factors. To induce oxidative stress, H2O2 was added at concentrations of 100-800 μM to the medium of the cells for 24 h. The cell viability was determined using the Thiazolyl blue Tetrazolium Bromide assay.

The increase in the glucose of culture medium from 25 mM to 50 mM did not affect the viability of stem cells. The percent of viable cells was significantly decreased after 12, 24, and 36 h incubation with glucose- and growth factors-free medium (P < 0.05). Concentrations of 400 and 800 μM of H2O2 significantly decreased the percent of viable cells (P < 0.01). The increase in the glucose of culture medium did not further enhance H2O2 cytotoxicity.

In a short time, stem cells are more vulnerable to oxidative stress and deprivation from glucose and growth factors compared to glucotoxicity. Therefore, reactive oxygen radicals and blood flow disorders are of the main causes of stem cell damage and, as a result, reduced tissue regeneration in diabetes.

Hypertension is a common disease which affects people's health. Individuals who are week in stress coping and respond to stress with bias are more likely to suffer from chronic physical and mental disease. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral based stress management training on sleep quality and cognitive bias in patients with primary hypertension.

in this experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. 32 females with hypertension were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into control (n = 16) and intervention (n = 16) groups. Both groups completed the standard questionnaire of Petersburg sleep quality and cognitive bias before and after the intervention. The intervention group received eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral based stress management training and the control group did not receive any training from the research team during study. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The results indicated there was a significant difference in the quality of sleep between the intervention and control groups after intervention (p> 0.05). Self-focused (0.03) and others (3.74) focused attention components of cognitive bias were not significantly different with control group (P > 0.05). This finding showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in this component.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral based stress management training is effective on sleep quality and women with primary hypertension and can be used as an effective and safe complementary therapy.

Delivery is a stressful event and maternity blues after delivery is most common postpartum mood disorder that happiness is one of the most important factor in coping with stress and depression. So, this study was performed with the aim to determine relationship between happiness and perceived stress during labor and maternity blues.

This descriptive correlational study was done in 2017 on 80 pregnant women referring to Taamin Ejtemaei hospital of Zahedan. At the time of referral, was completed Oxford happiness questionnaire and Cohen perceived stress questionnaire during labor and was completed Back depression questionnaire on the third and tenth days after delivery. Data was analyzed by Spss software (version 16) and Spearman/Pearson correlation coefficients and regression.

The result of Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant reverse correlation between happiness and perceived stress (P < 0.0001, r = - 0.88) and a significant reverse correlation between happiness and maternity blues of the third day (P < 0.0001, r = -0.92) and tenth day (P < 0.0001, r= - 0.90)

There is a relationship between happiness with perceived stress during labor and maternity blues after delivery. With higher levels of the happiness of pregnant women, the less stress will be felt during labor and they will be less affected by mood disorders and postpartum depression. Therefore, the provision of happiness for women can improve their mental health at the time of delivery and afterwards.

Patients with type 2 diabetes with high insulin resistance are also at high risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of HIIT and combined training on serum levels of liver enzymes and insulin resistance index in women with type 2 diabetes.

54 women with type 2 diabetes (age 55.77 ± 5.92 years, BMI 28.98 ± 4.9 kg/m2 and HbA1c 9.41 ± 0.82%) were randomly and equally divided into HIIT, combined training and control groups, and they received interventions for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week). Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 48 hours after the protocol and after 12 hours fasting state. Two-way ANOVA (time*group) tests for between-group comparisons and Paired-sample t tests for within-group comparisons were used.

Significant differences were observed in HbA1c (P = 0.009), glucose (P = 0.007), insulin (P = 0.036), insulin resistance (P = 0.008) and AST (P = 0.005) between study groups. Tukey post-hoc test revealed that there was a significant difference between HIIT and combined training groups compared to control group in HbA1c (Respectively, P = 0.001 and P = 0.010), glucose (Respectively, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001), insulin (Respectively, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001), insulin resistance (Respectively, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001) and AST (Respectively, P = 0.006 and P = 0.006). There were no significant differences between HIIT and combined training groups (P > 0.05) in any of the markers.

Considering the significant changes in AST enzyme and insulin resistance, it seems that HIIT and combined training both have favorite effects on AST enzyme and insulin resistance. Therefore, both types of exercise are recommended for these patients.

Identifying factors affecting the use of health services in the elderly, especially social factors, can be useful for allocating health resources to this growing age group. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital and health services in the elderly in Kerman.

This was a descriptive-analytic study. 400 elderly were selected for participation in the study. Finally, 360 questionnaires were analyzed. To collect the data standard questionnaires of social capital and health service utilization were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. To analyze the data descriptive, analytical statistics including t-test and one-way ANOVA were used.

The mean age of the elderly was 66.96 (6.99). The average social capital among the elderly was 4.5 ± 2.2. Among the components of social capital, the highest mean is related to cohesion and social support (2.09 ± 3.1). The mean social capital was significantly different in terms of referral for treatment (P = 0.02), place of referral (P = 0.001), and referral frequency (P = 0.002). However, the average social capital was not significant in terms of hospitalization (P = 0.33).

Findings of this study showed that higher social capital is associated with referral for treatment and fewer treatment attendance. Therefore, higher health of the elderly and lower health costs can be achieved through improving access to health services and rationalizing the seeking health service behavior.

Premedication is an integral part of general anesthesia which has side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam as a premedication in patients undergoing elective upper limb surgery during induction of anesthesia and postoperative shivering.

60 candidates for elective upper limb surgery who referred to Shahid Rajaee hospital were studied with the double-blind clinical trial method. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, included: 1. Midazolam and 2.Dexmedetomidine. SPO2, MAP, Heart rate, Systolic, and Diastolic blood pressure and postoperative shivering were evaluated at; early entrance time, before induction, 1, 5, 10 minutes after intubation, Post-extubating and recovery in all patients as well as post-surgery shivering. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA and GLM Repeated Measure by using SPSS 19 software. The P < 0. 05 was considered as the significance level.

At all times, the mean SPO2 was significantly higher in Dexmedetomidine than in the Midazolam group, which was significant at 10 minutes after intubation (P < 0.001). Mean MAP, Heart rate, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure were significantly further in Midazolam group than Dexmedetomidine group at all times. Postoperative shivering in patients with Dexmedetomidine was significantly lower than the Midazolam group (P < 0.001).

The results showed that Dexmedetomidine has a better hemodynamic control during anesthesia. It also reduces the incidence of postoperative shivering.

Infidelity is a threat to family life and the relationship of the spouses, leading to emotional reactions such as sadness, dread, anger, fear, jealousy and guilt, especially in the person being betrayed. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy with mindfulness and forgiveness therapy in clinical symptoms and emotional responses in women affected by their husband's betrayal.

The present study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design. A total of 36 women who had experienced husband's betrayal were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental (schema therapy with mindfulness n = 12 and forgiveness therapy n = 12) and control groups (n = 12). Interventions were provided to the experimental groups in ten 90-minute weekly sessions. Variance analysis with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis.

The effect of intergroup interaction and the time of measurement for schema therapy with mindfulness and forgiveness therapy on clinical symptoms (P < 0/01) and emotional response (P < 0/05) was significant. There was no significant difference in clinical symptoms between the two interventions (P ≤ 0/05). In emotional responses, only in the component of dread, the forgiveness therapy group showed better conditions (P < 0/01).

Both interventions can be used to move beyond suffering towards peace and achieving resolution. In addition, considering the type of damage, forgiveness therapy is a more appropriate option.

Exercise is an effective factor in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of many metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks’ endurance training and consuming L-carnitine on apoptotic factors in the hippocampus of diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 45 Wistar male rats, weighing between 250 and 300 grams, were randomly divided into six groups. Rats became diabetic by being injected with 95 mg nicotinic amide and after 15 minutes, 55mg streptozotocin (STZ). Rats receiving Lcarnitine, daily received 100 milligrams of l-carnitine orally. The endurance training protocol consisted of five sessions, starting with 20 minutes at 10 speeds in 0 degrees slope in the first week, and 40 minutes at 20 speed in 5 degrees slope in the sixth week. The variables were measured 24 hours after the last exercise session by ELISA and in brain tissue. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption had a significant effect on BAX, Bcl-2 and Bax / Bcl2 ratio of hippocampus in rats (P = 0.001). It was also found that in all three variables, the diabetic control group with sham groups (P = 0.001), aerobic training (P = 0.001), supplementation of l-carnitine (P = 0.036), exercise and supplementation P = 0.001); between the aerobic exercise group and the complementary groups of l-carnitine (P = 0.025), aerobic exercise and supplementation of l-carnitine (P = 0.001) and complementary group with aerobic training group and complement of l-carnitine (P = 0.001) there is a significant difference.

Regarding the combined effect of endurance training and the use of L-carnitine on exercise and exercise versus the complement of L-carnitine on the research factors endurance training are recommended to diabetics. But since the use of the supplement may have side effects, the use of l-carnitine is advised by physicians.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition that can cause psychological disorders, including depression. Therefore, identifying the psychological components associated with depression in these patients is necessary in order to select appropriate therapeutic approaches. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the difficulties in emotion regulation and experimental avoidance with depression in patients with vitiligo.

In this cross-sectional study, 105 patients with vitiligo, whose names were recorded before the research in the database of the Dermatology Research Center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, were selected by available sampling method. The relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and experimental avoidance with depression in patients with vitiligo was evaluated using second version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and Second Edition of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). All questionnaires were completed a time by the participants.

The average of depression score of the participants in the study was 18.69 ± 13.09. The results Also showed that there is a significant relationship (P < 0.01) between the depression scores with the scores of experimental avoidance, non-acceptance of emotional responses, Difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior, Impulse control difficulties, Limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, Lack of emotion clarity. Also, after removing the confounding effect of independent variables on each other, the relationship between depression score and Limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies score was significant (P < 0.001).

Difficulties in emotion regulation as a trans-diagnostic factor associated with emotional disorders, play an important role in the depression of patients with vitiligo. According to the results of this study, it seems that those psychological interventions that improve the emotion regulation skills of individuals can be effective in reducing the depression of these patients.

Nowadays opioid abuse is one of the universal problems that in addition to men, women are also involved in it, the lack of resilience characteristic can increase the probability of using in the full of stress situations of life. On the other hand, there is a significant and positive relation between quality of life and resilience. So, that purpose of this study is investigation of effectiveness of group therapy based on quality of life on resilience of women with opioid use disorder.

This study is a kind of quasi-experimental or pretest- posttest with control group, 22 women with substance use disorder were chosen in a purposive accessible sampling method and stood randomly in two groups’ namely experimental group and control group. At first, resilience questionnaire of Kenner and Davidson was performed. Then 10 sessions of group therapy based on quality of life for experiment group were held and the control group, receive the same number of session of the routine treatments of the center, finally, both groups were given the post test. Data analysis were done through statistical SPSS 16 (P < 0/05).

The average age of subjects of study was 29/32 with a standard deviation of 3/70; also, most participants were married (54/5%), their educational levels were middle school education up to graduate education. the independent t-test with the significant level of P < 0/05, showed resiliency of the experimental group who received group therapy based on quality of life was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between their resiliency scores in the pre-test.

Group therapy based on quality of life will cause increase of resilience of women with substance use disorder. Addict people when experiencing stressor are disposed to substance use. Increasing resilience in these individuals can increase the ability to withstand stress and reduce the likelihood of lapse.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) emerges in the new millennium as a major public health challenge. Currently, the HIV epidemic is spreading rapidly among young people. It is essential for students to provide the necessary information because they are valuable resources for the future of a country. This study was conducted to determine the impact of on applying HIV prevention behaviors in girl students in Torbat Heydariyeh.

It was a semi-experimental study that was conducted on 90 girl students. The instruments included questions related to demographic characteristics and the structures of theory of planned behavior in field of HIV. Educational intervention was conducted with emphasis on the above mentioned theory. Data were collected before, immediately and three months after training and was analyzed by chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test, ANOVA and Repeated measures using SPSS-PC (v. 20.0).

The mean age of the students was 15/6 ± 0/46 years. There was also no difference between the groups regarding cognitive variables (attitude, intention, and subjective norm, perceived behavior control) before the intervention. The students in the experimental group reported higher scores for the cognitive variables compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

The findings revealed that training based on the new approach of HIV education based on TPB is an effective intervention in promoting HIV prevention behaviors in students.

The excessive and repetitive application of chemical insecticides has been associated with environmental and health issues. Nowadays, the use of medicinal and aromatic plants, as natural resources of each country, has been developed significantly in herbal medicine. Many studies have been carried out towards the application of essential oils. Among the medicinal plants, Mentha longifolia belongs to the family Lamiaceae, is one of the most common herb which grows wildly in wet plains like riversides and even in the water. Various therapeutic effects and biological activities have been reported for some species of Mentha such as antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal. The oils of M. longifolia consist of chemical mixtures involving pulegone, alpha terpineol, menthone, menthofuran, 1, 8 cineol, cis iso pulegone, cineol, piperitenone, piperitenone oxide, cis piperitenone epoxid, eucalyptole, and thymol. Herein, we review insecticidal efficacy of Mentha in Iran.

The selection of studies referenced in this review was based on searches in Pubmed, Medline, Magiran, SID, Google Scholar and Civilica databases, from 2007 to 2018.

After the initial search, a total of 47 articles were found. Which led to the selection of 9 studies by employing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the results, LC50 is relatively low in comparison with other plants, indicating a higher toxicity for insects, and a 96.6% insect mortality rate for Mentha longifolia.

Nevertheless, further studies on application of Mentha longifolia to control of grain pests and vectors are still needed.

Foley catheters are assumed to drain the bladder completely. It is known that uncompleted drainage leads to multiple complications, such as asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection.

From 116 patients, who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 24 hours, were enrolled in this study. To measure the urine level in bladder in the morning before any change in position, a 3D ultrasound scan was done for all enrolled patients. Ultrasound scan was chosen as the preferred method as it is non-invasive, accessible and inexpensive.

It was found that the bladder urine volume was less than 10 ml in 30 (26%) patients and less than 50ml in 70 (61%). Only one patient (< 1%) had bladder urine residual level of more than 200 ml.

Bladder urine residual level can reach to a dangerous level in some patients during night sleep. The cause may be creation of a loop in drainage system of urine from Foley catheter to urine bag. This can lead to stagnation of urine. We recommend this issue to be further investigated and appropriate amendment to be made to Foley catheter design.