نشریه اقتصاد پنهان
سال چهارم شماره 16 (پاییز 1398)

Generally ecery action requires involvement of its actors culturally, socially, politically and economically. The same applies for the fighting against smuggling of goods and currencies. This article seeks to answer the question of what specific indigenous models can be designed from a set of models of participation so that the Iranian Task Force to Combat the Smuggling of Commodities and Currency can more effectively combat the participation of key actors in this field. For this purpose, a series of models were studied and then an effective model was developed, which is a native model. Using standardized questionnaire by the researcher, the reliability and validity of the model were measured and the coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. The variables were measured based on the dependent variable of smuggling of goods and currencies. The statistical population of this study consisted of 350 experts of related agencies as well as specialists of the Iranian Task Force to Combat the Smuggling of Commodities and Currency in which 62 individuals were selected using Cochran formula.
The result is that this model can be both a smart model and that by changing the managements in the mentioned Task Force, firstly the participation will be clear, secondly, the existing processes and procedures will not change unless more complex conditions occur that requires revise and reform of the model.

The current supply chain is a linear economic model that directly or indirectly meets supply needs. However, this model has some disadvantages such as problems with supply chain relationships or lack of transparency of consumer information about the origin of products. On the other hand, with the advent of global change in the commercial, economic, cultural, social, political, marketing and technology fields, commodity supply chain management requires adopting these changes and provide models based on such changes, one of which is blockchain technology. In this study, in order to investigate the effects of change waves on supply chain management, through library studies and reviewing important researches and new supply chain models based on Blockchain Technology we have finally achieved a new model based on the concept of circular economy, results analysis and its applications that improve the previous models, eliminating many of the disadvantages of the current supply chain. After reviewing the researchs, it was found that the missing link of the proposed models of supply chain management is its integration with the product tracking and tracing scheme based on unit tracking and therefore this subject has been presented as a clear proposal for the present study and the future path of the waves of change. The presented framework shows how blockchain technology and track and trace system can lead to increased reliability of supply chain, security, speed and upgrade of transparency in the process of global chane waves. Functions that can be used, especially in the current situation in Iran, to improve the supervision and management of the supply chain and the prevention of smuggling and out-of-network supply.

The exchange of goods and commerce from the distant past has sought to facilitate the process and has sought ways to increase the speed of trade and commerce. But along the way there have always been obstacles and problems, such as the smuggling of goods and currencies.
The use of a single cross-border trade window has been one of the solutions that many countries have adopted, both physically and electronically. Therefore, this study compares the window of a single business in successful countries, so the main question is how the cross-border window of a single business has impacted on facilitating trade and preventing trafficking in selected countries. And it's a library. Benchmarking method was used to analyze the data. In this method the data of the studied countries were compared. The statistical population of the study consisted of countries with cross-border e-commerce technology and the sample included Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Germany, Ghana, China, Sweden, Singapore, Colombia, Azerbaijan, South Korea, Japan and Iran, selected by purposeful sampling.
These countries are evaluated at three levels, and as a result are rated at a low to medium level near the bottom, so a number of actions need to be taken, including: Establishing professional and specialized workgroups, coordinating with relevant agencies, reviewing and amending relevant regulations. To the exchange of electronic data across organizations, user training and process reengineering.

The concept of knowledge management has been defined as a process of applying prior knowledge to decision making to influence current and future organization performance (Lee & Lan, 2011) with the aim of making the organization more aware of its individual and collective knowledge. , Use it. The necessity to use this organizational knowledge can be factors such as increasing competition and innovation among organizations, retirement and labor migration, the amount of time available to test and acquire knowledge, changes in strategies in the organization, lack of motivational system, lack of confidence. The fact that knowledge is power and power generating, etc. is clearly observed. Considering the important mission and privilege of the Headquarters for the fight against trafficking in goods and currencies, and with regard to its tasks and missions, including policy, planning, coordination and control, and prevention and counteracting trafficking in goods and currencies in The country may infer that the HQ has a high volume of process information that is largely out of reach and use. Therefore, the need to establish and institutionalize the information and knowledge management system through: creating, exchanging, maintaining and documenting, evaluating and using more effectively their knowledge is in line with the organization's knowledge goals and strategy. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the question to what extent did the upstream anti-trafficking documents explain the need for knowledge management?        In this paper, the research method is applied-developmental based on descriptive-analytical nature and method. Libraries and document content analysis tools have been used to collect the data, which are divided into two categories: Extra-organizational Documentation (ORG) and Specialized and Extra-Specialist Staff Documentation As a result, education, value to human capital and knowledge, decision-making and participatory action, paving the way for creativity and innovation, and increasing knowledge on standards and reducing bureaucracy have been given special attention and important categories of knowledge management such as application and application. Knowledge, information infrastructure creation, knowledge sharing, information gathering, and other categories of knowledge management have been addressed in specific upstream documents.

In this research paper the phenomenon of commodity and currency trafficking is examined from the perspective of demand factor. In the area of ​​demand, the most attention and approach to the consumption of goods. Our main approach is based on social psychology, and on this basis three main components, namely simulation, imitation and modeling, are considered in the context of the consumption of smuggled goods. In fact, the main question of this paper is, what are the components of the demand for trafficking in social psychology, and what are the three elements of consumption, modeling, imitation and modeling in trafficking? The research method is descriptive-survey in terms of purpose, in terms of time, cross-sectional and in terms of data collection; structured interviewing with the persons involved in the research, application of technology and also the use of standard questionnaire including methods of data collection. have been. Structural equations and modeling based on questionnaire data were used for data analysis. Validity and reliability were calculated through PLS and spss software.  Outcome: Among the external factors, the three factors had the highest level of personal, tribal and social tendencies, and the internal factors had the highest coefficient of self-actualization and arousal. Based on what has been said about imitation and its variants, feature-based imitation topped this factor with a factor of 0.82 and also had the highest level in the online patterns with regression coefficient of 0.86. The level of consumption of goods in the components of consumerism was also regressed with 0.81 regression coefficient.