فهرست مطالب

Archives of Advances in Biosciences
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/02/06
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • AmirAbbas Lashgari, MohammadAli Azarbayjani*, Maghsoud Peeri, Mohammad Nasehi Pages 1-7
    Introduction

    TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A) is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and induces anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Nicotine can also alter the function of cardiovascular system and induce heart failure and other heart diseases. Interestingly, it has been reported that exercise can interfere with the effects of nicotine, and change the expression pattern of different genes. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term treadmill exercise on the expression level of TFAM in the heart of nicotine-sensitized rats.

    Materials and Methods

    Nicotine was administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 0.21 mg/kg. Treadmill exercise was performed during 14 days, according to the study’s protocol.

    Results

    The results revealed that nicotine reduced the expression of TFAM. The treadmill (Fourteen-day training) increased the expression of TFAM in the heart of the control rats. Furthermore, 14-day training with treadmill restored the effect of nicotine on the expression of TFAM in nicotine-sensitized rats.

    Conclusion

    Nicotine induced pro-apoptotic and anti-oxidative stress effects via down-regulating the expression of TFAM. Fourteen -day training with treadmill induced a protective effect against nicotine-induced cardiac apoptosis and oxidative stress, via restoring the effect of nicotine on TFAM. The results are indicative of the fact that short-term treadmill exercise may decrease the risk of heart failure and other cardiac diseases.

    Keywords: TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A), Nicotine, Treadmill, Heart, Rats
  • Halise ÇEVİK, Gülnur İlgün, Bayram ŞAHİN* Pages 8-15
    Introduction

    Hospitals are among organizations with the highest risk in terms of workplace safety. While almost all departments within hospitals are faced with various risks, radiology department employees, in particular, are more likely to be exposed to conditions that threaten their health due to exposure to radiation. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the radiation protection levels of radiology personnel.

    Materials and Methods

    This study is cross-sectional quantitative research. The study was conducted on one of Turkey's most prestigious universities working in the radiology department of the hospital staff. A questionnaire consisting of 9 questions was used to determine the radiation protection level of the employees. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 299 personnel, but there was a return from 155 employees (52%).

    Results

    The results of the regression analysis showed that the variables of gender, occupation, and radiation protection training had significant impact on the level of measures taken by radiology personnel for radiation protection (p<0.05), whereas the variables of age, marital status, and work experience had a different pattern (p>0.05). R-squared value of the regression model indicates that 42.1% of the variation in the level of measures taken to protect the radiology staff against radiation has been explained by these variables (F=11.520; p<0.001).

    Conclusion

    The results of the study suggest that training about radiation protection should be provided to the radiology personnel to prevent their health and safety.

    Keywords: Radiology department, radiation protection, personnel safety, healthcare personnel, Turkey
  • Nooshin Barikrow, Naser Amirizadeh*, Nasim Hayati Roodbari, Mahin Nikougoftar Pages 16-25
    Introduction

    Ex vivo proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of umbilical cord is widely used by combination of cytokine and stromal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as feeder layer due to increase the cell doses, adequately. However, numerous studies have shown that ex vivo proliferation of these cells impairs their functions, including reduced self-renewal ability, apoptosis induction, and disordered cell cycle. MSCs have different sources such as amniotic membrane with a stable karyotype and high quality because of isolation from embryonic tissues, so that they are considered as a useful source for MSCs.

    Materials and Methods

    In this study, isolated mesenchymal cells from the amniotic membrane were used as feeders for the HSCs proliferation. Four different cultures with various conditions were used; first one containing cytokines (stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, and FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand), second one with MSCs co-cultured with the aforementioned cytokines, third medium co-cultured with MSCs without cytokines, and finally the control medium was without co-culture condition and cytokines. Expression of mRNAs of HOXB4, GATA2, BCL2, and Survivin genes was also investigated.

    Results

    The findings showed that the expression of mRNAs of these genes decreased in culture with cytokine, solely; however the expression of these genes was significantly higher in co-cultured system with cytokine rather than just with cytokine.

    Conclusion

     In general, the findings of this study indicate that the derived MSCs from amniotic membrane is a good source for the proliferation of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells”. Because these cells increase the UCB-CD34+ quantity and their preservation properties.

    Keywords: Amniotic Membrane, Co-culture, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, UCB-CD34+
  • Azam Afaghi*, Samad Zare Pages 26-33
    Introduction

    The present study investigated the toxic effects of copper sulfate on hematological factors, bioaccumulation levels of copper, and histopathology of gill and kidney tissues of Common carp.

    Materials and Methods

    For this purpose, 90 fish were exposed to different sub-lethal levels of copper sulfate (0.16 and 0.53 mg/L) for 21 days. After 21 days, blood samples were taken. Hematological factors such as hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), and white blood cells (WBC) were measured in blood samples. Bioaccumulation levels of copper in gill and kidney tissues were determined by wet chemical digestion and atomic absorption apparatus. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan test, and compared in significant levels of P<0.05. Gill and kidney samples were collected from each group and lesions were analyzed by light microscopy.

    Results

    The results showed a dose-dependent decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells and white blood cell count. Copper accumulation in gill and kidney tissues of fishes exposed to sub-lethal copper increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). Histopathologic studies showed a series of changes in gill tissue, including primary lamellar edema, hyperplasia, severe secondary lamellar fusion, and clubbing. Cellular swelling in the tubules and glomeruli, tubular necrosis and formation of hyaline cysts were the main kidney histopathological changes

    Conclusion

    These results suggest that hematological parameters and gill and kidney changes following metal accumulation in these tissues can be used as sensitive biomarkers to determine the toxicity of sub- lethal concentrations of heavy metals.

    Keywords: Common carp, Copper sulfate, Hematological factors, Gill, Kidney
  • Somayeh Akhavan, Hooman Shajiee, Vida Hojati, Shahram Sharafi, Solmaz Khalifeh* Pages 34-40
    Introduction

    Drug abuse could induce molecular changes in synapses, leading to mood-related disorders. In addition, some patients suffering from mood disease use drug to get comfort. In some behavioral disorders, autophagy inhibitor drugs are used.

    Materials and Methods

    In the current study, the effect of chloroquine (CQ, an autophagy inhibitor drug) in a rat model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), together with the role of cocaine abuse was examined. Rats were injected with the CQ and/or cocaine alone or following single-prolonged-stress exposure and were confirmed as PTSD, using elevated-plus maze (EPM) test and then protein level of synaptophysin (a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein) was investigated by western blotting tecnique. It should be noted that cocaine was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v, 20µg/rat) and CQ was administered intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg, IP).

    Results

    Obtained data revealed that PTSD and chronic administration of cocaine (i.c.v) in PTSD animals could increase the level of Synaphtophysin. CQ injection in them decreased Synaptophysin. So cocaine increase Synaphtophysin while CQ decrease it in PTSD animals.

    Conclusion

    The current data suggests altering neural plasticity by Synaptophysin protein level changes in brain on PTSD rats.

    Keywords: Cocaine, Chloroquine, PTSD, Synapthophysion
  • Saeede Yavari, Neda Kaveh, Nahid Bakhtiari*, Maryam Monsef Shokri, Fariba Khodagholi, Sohameh Mohebi Pages 41-49
    Introduction

    Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second major cause of mortality in men. Different researches have shown that the overexpression of a gene called twist1 leads to initiation of metastasis process in this cancer. TWIST1 protein triggers this process through stimulating the transition pathway of cells from epithelial to mesenchymal tissue.

    Materials and Methods

    In this study, four oligonucleotides of antisense RNA have been designed for twist1 gene, and its anti-metastatic effect was examined in two cell lines PC3 and LNCaP. The antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were designed as single strands with a length of 20 nucleotides and chosen from ASOs suggested by Soligo program. The ASOs were synthesized in phosphorothioated form. MTT assay was used for evaluating the ASOs cytotoxicity effect on PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. The cell lines were transfected with 500 nmol of antisense oligonucleotides using cationic polymer turbofect and incubated for 48 hours, and then, their invasive ability were measured by CytoSelect™ Cell Invasion Assay Kit.

    Results

    The anti-invasive effect of ASOs in LNCaP and PC3 had a significant difference. This effect was more significant in LNCaP cell line as compared to PC3. The most anti- invasive effect was observed in LNCaP cell line (50%).

    Conclusion

    According to the results, Antisense oligonucleotides were effective in decreasing the invasion ability of two cell lines PC3 and LNCaP and therfore can be considered as a good candidate for preventing the prostate cancer metastasis.

    Keywords: Prostate cancer, TWIST1, Antisense oligonucleotides, LNCaP, PC3
  • Fatemeh Sadat Alavi Moghaddam, Masoomeh Babaei, Maliheh Entezari* Pages 50-60
    Introduction

    Identification of metastatic miRNAs and understanding their complex functions provides prognostic and diagnostic bio markers In this study, the expression of miR-372, fgf-9 gene, miR-137 and cdc42 gene was evaluated in the serum of patients with lung cancer.

    Materials and Methods

    In the present study, 50 serum samples were collected from healthy individuals and 50 serum samples from people with NSCLC from Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran. Clinicopathological information was collected through questionnaires. In the molecular study, changes in expression of miR-372, miR-137, fgf-9 and cdc42 genes in healthy individuals and those with lung cancer were evaluated using Real Time PCR.

    Results

    Expression of miR-372, fgf-9 and cdc42 genes in the first to third stage serum of metastases and expression of miR-137 in serum of the first and second stages of the disease were not significantly different from the normal one. However, in the serum of the fourth stage of the disease, expression of miR-372 and cdc42 gene were significantly increased by 7.3 and 3.4 folds than normal subjects, while in the serum of the fourth stage of the disease, the expression of fgf-9 gene was significantly reduced by 4.46 fold .The expression of miR-137 in the serum of the third and fourth stages of the disease was significantly reduced by 3.2 and 6.8 fold compared to the normal serum

    Conclusion

    It is likely that the expression of miR-372, miR-137, fgf-9 and cdc42 genes in human serum could be used to predict the stage of lung cancer metastasis.

    Keywords: lung cancer, miR-372, fgf-9 gene, miR-137, cdc42 gene
  • Farkhondeh Asadi*, Hassan Emami, Hamid Moghaddasi, Sara Ghalaneh Pages 61-68

    Context: 

    The prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the world has grown and has attracted particular attention on the international level and governments, has considered prevention interventions and managing the symptoms of the disease to reduce the economic burden and has improved the quality of life of these patients necessary. One of the most important strategies in this field is MS population-based registry. Accordingly, this study was designed to identify the components of MS population-based registries within the developed countries. Evidence Acquisition: The present study is a review article that was conducted in 2018. The population of the study consisted of MS population-based registry systems of developed countries such as USA, France, and Denmark. Based on the combination of related keywords, about 60 papers appropriately and after extraction, categorization and integration were formulated in the form of proper sequence for the purpose of the study.

    Results

    The main components of MS population-based registries in developed countries included registry goals, information resources, Minimum Data Sets (MDS), types of processes, types of reports, quality control measures, data transmission time limits, responsible for recording and collecting data, responsible organization and executor, data transmission method and the privacy practices

    Conclusion

    With regard to the results, it is suggested that the developing countries must consider creating an MS population-based registry as a national program due to their health system and the MS population-based registries structure in developed countries, so that they can adopt a suitable strategy for preventing and controlling the disease.

    Keywords: multiple sclerosis (MS), population-based registry, MS population-based registry