Space Ontology International Journal
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

Urban spaces are considered as important elements in the urban structure. These spaces are scenes in which the general activities of urban life take place and they are able to provide an opportunity for the development of innovations for the people and to act as a recreational and constructive environment in an urban collection to provide a setting while every human being would need to perceive his or her position. One of the factors in satisfaction and gratification of citizens toward the city and urban spaces is the effective connections of spaces and different land uses with the states and behaviors of the individuals. A theory is necessary to describe the urban spaces and to make models of reality. Therefore, new paradigms like environmental psychology and behavioral sciences came into being which attracted the public attention to a viewpoint to conduct the human studies in urban design. According to this, we must identify the behavioral patterns of the space users by identifying the behavioral mechanisms of the citizens in physical environments to provide multi-functional, flexible spaces that are responsive to the citizens.Unfortunately, in spite of many capabilities for enhancing the behavioral patterns and social interactions of the people, several urban spaces are degenerated due to the lack of attendance and attention to their physical environment as they are no more hosting citizens.The following research is a descriptive-analytic type which is done in a qualitative method with the aim of redesigning the urban spaces with regard to the influence of the physical environment on the behavior of the citizens. An effort was then made based on the field data and registering the behaviors by observations and through the subjective images of the citizens, it was analysed by using subjective questionnaire and SWOT matrix, and eventually a number of recommendations are presented to organize and redesign the Adl street in Qazvin in order to enhance the behavioral pattern of the citizens.

The study tested whether place attachment enhances the place satisfaction among visitors of the multiplex cinema in Tehran-Iran. Structural equation modeling was employed on a sample of 220 visitors. Regression models were estimated to test the relationship of place attachment and place satisfactions of visitors. Place attachment has the four dimensions of place dependence, place identity, place affect, and place social bonding. Results show that as hypothesized, the place attachment has the positive effect on place satisfaction and these effects have been approved and an important theoretical contribution is that the important role of place attachment on place satisfaction of visitors of multiplex cinemas by approving four hypotheses of this study. The results of this study enhance the body of knowledge of place satisfaction and place attachment in cultural place. Practical applications of this study include marketing aimed at encouraging repeat visitation by increasing levels of satisfaction by increasing the place attachment in multiplex cinema. The article closes with implications of the study for academics and practitioners.

This research is done with an aim to compare the quality of housing in the two common appartment form on the rendering of main indexes of housing quality through two pre-designed neighbourhoods of Haft HozNeighborhood and the first phase of Ekbatan commmunity in the city of Tehran. Indexes of housing quality are extracted from the internal and external resources and are subjected to question by using questionnaires. descriptive -analytic is the methodology of the research and a hierarchical process analysis was used to give weight to the Criterions and sub-criterions. Analytical Hierarchy Process Model have been applied.TheFindings of the research shows that quality of housing is almost the same, in both case studies, from the point of view of the inhabitants Although the more comparative analysis of the results, indicates noticeable differences of two case studies in housing quality criterions. Haft Hoz neighbourhood has acquired higher points in the criterions of Social conditions , Local conditions and Residential Units facilities while Ekbatan is best evaluated in terms of the criterions of Physical condition of the housing, Residential Units architecture and cost. Necessity of concurrent notice to social-cultural criterions in housing design, improvement the quality of residential neighborhoods, considering Climate and Native features of the target society and improvement of skeleton-physicalstandards of residential buildings, are suggested of this research to improve housing quality.

Paying attention to the spatial placement of the elements (man-made or natural) based on the landscape pattern and ecological processes in urban design would have a considerable impact on both human and the nature. In a way that the discords in the placement of patchs in respect to each other, or in respect to visual corridors and urban matrixes lead to the unwanted results in the cities. The effect of such discords can be seen in continental changes, loss of energy (increase in the consumption of fossil energies), etc. Aim of this study is to design a city based on the recognition of relationships between the patches and corridors and  natural/ artificial matrixes; also, introduction and the design method based on the fundamental urban landscape guidelines which is done with a qualitative approach in the form of library research and identification of the situation, size and other elements of patches, corridors and matrixes by using aerial-photos and GIS maps. Based on this, the research compilation process is in a way that first discusses the importance of this subject and the design methods in this study and different suggested methods in the field of ecological urban landscape design and explores Iranian and worldwide experimentations on the subject by presenting new solutions like the placement of the artificial and natural patch and corridors,  matrixes, e.g, designing beach parks across the rivers to protect and maintain the natural corridor, preservation of green patches as the urban-parks, etc. The author hopes that presented solutions of this research in the field of design, would help to solve the mentioned issues and problems regardless of its minor delineation.

Social sustainability has focus on the type of development that promotes social interaction and inclusion. It gives emphasis to inclusive community, social cohesions, quality of life, social equity and diversity. In fact, as one of the three domains of sustainability social sustainability plays a vital role in enhancing the community by the means of giving delivering equal opportunities, creating vibrant, diverse and inclusive environment and fulfill the social needs of the inhabitants.Informal settlement is not a physical problem but it is resulted from macrostructure factors on the national level. It is actually a type of settlement in urban space which marks a significant difference with other types of settlements.In this study, a considerable attention to relationship between density and social sustainability in most populated informal settlement of Hamedan, Khezr district. The variables of social sustainability were examined through 367 questionnaires in accordance with  the district population using SPSS (v.20) to analyze the data. The findings confirm that there are not significance relationship between all indicators of social sustainability and density.

The sense of the place is a collection of anecdotes and individual or collective narratives that take place in association with the place, they play a role in developing social attachments to the place. This sense leads to a link between the individual to the place in which human being considers himself or herself as a part of the place and considers a role for himself or herself a role in that space based on the experiences that are created by signs, meanings, and functions. A space can create a sense of belonging and attachment to a place can bring the possibility of a social event and a shared experience among the people; This sense leads to the link between the individual and the place in which human being considers himself or herself as a part of the place and considers himself or herself a role in the place based on his or her experiences which are based on the signs, meanings, functions and character and the place will become respectable for them. The following paper is a descriptive-analytic research with the survey method which is done with the distribution of questionnaires among a number of 370 residents of the city. The variable of the sense of belonging and the influential factors on it which include personal, environmental and similar factors are considered as independent variables, also the migration and influential factors on it are considered as the intervening or controlling variables. To check the research hypothesis, statistical tests were used. The results indicated the fact that there is a meaningful relationship between the sense of belonging and intercity migration, in the sense that the amount of migration was lower for the people with higher levels of belonging, this relationship was statistically proven as the resulted levels of meaningfulness is less than 05/0, therefore the main hypothesis of the research is validated.