Space Ontology International Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

Today, one of the important topics, which are mentioned in architecture, is the relationship between architectural works with each other and way of effect of such works on them. On the other hand, under current conditions and despite existing trends which look for their own architecture, it is crucial important to interpret how contemporary architectural works are affected by previous architectural monuments. This necessitates for a method and tool for critique and analysis and revision of contemporary architecture in relation to such architectural works and establishment of a framework for dialogue in this regard. Accordingly, the current research aims to interpret the quality of relationship among architecture in public constructions of Uzbekistan and architectural monuments from Timurid era at this country by taking intertextual approach that will finally led to review of these works and their genealogy. Accordingly, the main research question is that how architectural monuments of Timurid era in Uzbekistan affect architecture of public constructions in this country? The qualitative methodology has been employed in this study by means of multiple measures, descriptive- analytic, historical- interpretative and comparative techniques and the given statistical population includes architectural public constructions in Uzbekistan during period (1960-1990). Also among statistical population, only those samples with intertextual aspect have been selected. Review of sample and data analysis show in this survey that all samples have dealt with conversation and intertextual communication with Timurid architectural tradition by trying to compose different layers of this process.

The architecture of houses, design and management are a collection of behaviors that are realized in space. The recognition of traditional houses requires having space in possession; that is to say, seeing the building and seeking the key to appreciating it. On the one hand, it refers to the different dimensions and features of the building and on the other, it represents the main objectives of life and the respective spiritual content in the builders’ lifestyles. Employing the typological method, this article has attempted to arrive at an applied appreciation of criteria for organizing space in traditional houses in Qazvin. In the theoretical section, this study made use of a qualitative and library-based approach and an analytical-descriptive method for the theoretical framework. In the applied section, however, this research employed a library-based approach as well as an experimental-descriptive method to observe and assess the documents attributed to these old houses. The results of the present study indicate that with respect to spatial patterns, there are three types of space: open, closed and covered. They are shaped when combined with the three components of roof, ceiling and wall depending on the location, weather, temperature and the area of the yard.

Industrialization and increasing demand for the consumption of fossil fuels cause that energy becomes a strategic factor. Energy crisis and the emergence of modern architecture led designers to pay more attention to the important task of building's envelope. Building skins play an important role in building thermal behavior and reduce energy consumption. If Double Skin Facades properly designed it can improve thermal comfort conditions and can reduce energy consumption. DSF's efficiency in each region highly depends on the climate. The number of DSFs is few especially in Moderate and humid climate of north of Iran, but there is an increasing tendency to use them. This study seeks to prove this hypothesis: It seems by changing the size of cavity between Double Skin Facades, it can achieve a favorable temperature for indoor thermal comfort. For this purpose a theoretical framework based on literature studies as a first step. Theoretical thermal performance of DSF was studied before it was applied on designed building by using thermal simulation software then absorption of direct and indirect solar gain in the building simulated in ECOTECT and various states were examined. For the assessments the number of hours of employee's comfort, direct and indirect solar gains and hourly temperature of floors in the building designed using DSF were calculated. Suitable width of air voids has been studied in this research too. It was found that designed building with DSF-Shaft box type with 75 cm cavity width is more suitable for the climate of Rasht.

While there are a wide variety of studies about communicative action theory of Habermas, there is the need for building of indicators and variables for quantitative methods of assessing this concept in a particular case study. Especially as the development of communicative action theory has created new perspectives in urban planning, it is necessary to assess and promote this concept in cities and neighborhoods. The purpose of this paper is to identify communicative action indicators and variables and assess the communicative action in Tehran city as the case study. Seven indicators were derived of theoretical framework, which are Urban Space, Lifeworld, Amenity, Social Capital, Communicative Rationality, Critical View Point and Economic Development. Variables related to each one were also identified and after testing reliability and validity, were served as a basis for assessing communicative action in Tehran city. In this regard, the hypotheses of the research were elaborated on the existence of the significant relationship between the seven indicators and communicative action in Tehran city. This research has been conducted with quantitative analysis based on field studies. Research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling in Lisrel software, using data related to 384 questionnaires. Results show that all indicators have a significant relationship with communicative action in Tehran city and among them the strongest impacts relate to social capital, amenity and lifeworld.

Theory, approach and the tools of transect model have recently turned into one of the fundamental maxims of urban design and planning in the urbanization systems in Europe, the United States and more recently the middle-east, its fundamentals are based on reaching the sustainable development patterns in urban areas. A general accordance regarding the operationalizability of this theory and approach in creating sustainable urban development considers its generalizability in the urbanization system in Iran.  The following article tries to shed light on this new approach (Transect) and to analyze and discuss its probable advances and weaknesses on controlling and directing the spaces by reviewing the literature of the research subjective through a typology of the theory and the transect approach and collection of its fundamental theories by highlighting its different aspects.Findings of the research show that transect model is, in fact, a type of cross-sections which take advantage of the theories of natural urban camouflage along in leading and controlling of urban areas which are based on the urban character. Also, by reviewing the literature f the subject toward the transect model and its background theories and approaches and to defy its similarities and differences; typology was performed based on 8 theoretical orientation indexes; subject of the theory or the approach; type of advantage from the primary discipline of ecology; urban design and planning paradigm; purpose of employing cross-sections; the type of considered order; considered elements of the place, extent of the theory or the approach. Analysing this theoretical framework shows that has a relative improvement of the transect model based on all of the typological components and those related to the ones connected to the spaces and paradigms of urban design and planning. Therefore, theorizing or expanding the theory and approach of transect model is recommended in order to solve its shortcomings and weaknesses along with attending to all of the aspects of the space and synchronizing with the paradigm of evolution as the superior paradigm of urban design and planning.

One of the most important issues that have absorbed the public opinion and expert community during the recent years, is the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the housing. There are several challenges related to this topic that includes the contexts of the construction, manufacturing, planning to social aspects, cultural, physical and architectural design. The thing that has a significant importance in this topic, is the relationship between architects and the people. The role of their perception and mental images in making the decision is related to the architectural design of the housing. To Investigate the similarities and differences between what the viewpoints of architects and the people, is the main object of the research, that dedicatedly has been done on the facades by using multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS). The research implementation method is based on qualitative analysis of data from visual preferences from the viewpoint of architects and the people. The Statistical population includes 420 of people with a random sampling in the three areas in the central texture of Tehran and with 130 people of the architects that have been academic education and as well as work`s professional experience more than five years. The results indicated that subjective and visual perceptions of people and architects have considerable correspondence and distinctions with each other, which is recognizable.