مجله محیط زیست و توسعه فرابخشی
پیاپی 65 (پاییز 1398)

Rofaie Wetland is located near the Hor-al-Azim wetland and acts as the vindicator of waterbirds of the Hor-al-Azim wetland in the unsuitable conditions of the wetland. Therefore, the population trend, diversity and richness of waterbirds of the Rofaie wetland were investigated in the autumn and winter of 2008. The count of waterbirds was done using the Total Count method. This method is recommended for counting waterbirds in wetlands around the world by Wetland International. Diversity, richness, and density of waterbirds in the Rofaie wetland were measured using Simpson, Shannon-Weinner, Menhinink and Camargo biological indicators. During the 6 month study, 2127 individuals of birds were identified from 10 waterbird species and 5 families in Rofaie wetland. The most dominant species of the birds in the autumn and winter of 2008 were Phalacrocorax pygmeus (745 individuals), the highest number of waterbirds in December (823 individuals) and the lowest number in the month of October (11 individuals). The highest number of waterbird species was observed in Dec., Jan. and Mar. (6 species), and the lowest in October and November (2 species). The Simpson and Shannon-Weinner diversity indexes were D = -0.783 and H2 = 2.418, respectively, and Simpson and Camargo species uniformity was 0.460, 0.433, and also Margalf diversity was 1.174. The Manhinnik and Simpson domains in the autumn and winter were 0.21, 0.212, respectively. Rofaie wetland as a supporter of aquatic migratory waterbirds of the Hor-alAzim wetland plays an important role in protecting their generations.

A review about NOx reduction methods in stationary combustion chamber was prepared. The influences of them on NOx reduction were considered and compared. these methods were; fuel changing, low excess air, combustion modification and staging, adding secondary flow in combustion chamber to reduce maximum temperature and oxygen concentration, NOx reduction and produce nitrogen molecule in combustion chamber and catalytic combustion. Each combustion systems can use one or more of these methods to reduce NOx up to 70%. The amount of NOx reduction dependent on the parameters like: type of fuel, technology of combustion, operation condition, mandatory to prepare new appartus, flue gas composition, standards limitation, side effects of pollutant, safety, reliability and cost.

The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between green management and managers and assistans' bioenvironmental behaviors in junior high school of Esfrayen on 1393 – 94. This research applies descriptive scrolling and correlation sorting. Managers and their assistants of junior high school in Esfarayen, 200 people, constitute the statistical society of this study.Sample size was randomely chosen based on Morgan–Chart (127 out of 200). A researcher made questioner which has 49 items is used for green management variable, and a standard questioner of Salehi and Salehi Omran (1388) which has 41 items, is used for bioenvironmental behavior. The reliability of the questionnaires was accepted by professors, and Chronbakh's alpha ratio was used to estimate the consistency of the questioners. Consistency of first questioner was 0/95 and second one was 0/97. Collected data using descriptive statistic exams and illustrative statistics were used to study the relationship between hypotheses of the research. Research findings indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between green management and bioenvironmental behavior of managers and their assistants in junior high school of Esfarayen (correlation coefficient of 0/694 and level of meaningfullness of %5), but there is not a meaningful relationship between energy index and bioenvironmental behavior of managers and their assistants in junior high school of Esfarayen.

if we increase green management and different aspects of it among managers and their assistants of junior high school of Esfarayen, we can improve bioenvironmental behavior.

From a financial perspective, decentralization is transfer of resources and doing expenses from the central government to local governments. Many previous empirical studies expresses the correct implementation of fiscal decentralization is an important factor of improve or degradation the environment. Accordingly, the major purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of fiscal decentralization indicators on air pollution in Iran. This study is paid to study long-term and short-term relationships between air pollution, fiscal decentralization indicators, economic growth, energy consumption and trade volume, by using time series data from 1992-2014. For this purpose is used the Johanson-Juselius co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. Also, the statistical analyzes were performed by using the Eviews software. Based on the results of the model estimation by VECM method, fiscal decentralization of revenue, fiscal decentralization of expenditures, fiscal decentralization of autonomy power, economic growth, energy consumption and trade volume increase the Co2 emission in the long-term and short-term. One percent increase in the index of fiscal decentralization indicators, on average, increases Co2 emission by about 0.14 and 0.08 percent in the long-term and short-run, respectively Accordingly, Adopt the suitable policies along the providing the necessary conditions for the expansion of fiscal decentralization, is necessary to control air pollution in the country.

Human errors in a work place are inevitable which can become an irrecoverable damages. As a result this study is done in car-seat manufacturing company to identify and predict human errors beside environmental risks, develop a method to control and reduce human risks, and respecting critical risk levels using SHERPA and EFMEA methods. The current study is a scientific research conducted in a car-seat manufacturing company. In order to fill the SHERPA and EFMEA inspection, interviewing with procedures experts, interviewing with work station operators, and hierarchical analysis of HTA duty which is a preface to analyze human errors are used. The approach to predict and reduce human errors is used to reduce potential human errors in workstations and assessing environmental risks for different aspects of environment. Then controlling strategies were developed. SHERPA forms show that all the human errors in working tasks are 43 observations which 53.46% are performance errors, 27.90% are reviewing errors, 13.94% are retrieval errors, and 4.64% are selective errors. Evaluation of environmental risks using EFMEA shows that from 14 environmental risks 42.85% are critical (H), 21.42% are medium, (M) and 35.71% are low (L). The most significant error in car-seat manufacturing company is related to performance and then reviewing errors. The major numbers of environmental risks are related to coloring unit output. As a result employees and supervisors training, publishing guidelines for supervising and auditing operators, and proper act in case of deficiency happening in this company are prioritized between corrective actions.