International Journal of Hospital Research
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2019

The aim of this study was prediction of risky behaviors based on psychosocial development and perceived parenting practices of parents in high school students.
The study design was descriptive correlational type and the statistical population included of all high school students of Astara city that through them 200 subjects were selected by randomized and targeted sampling. For data collection, the participants responded the questionnaires of psychosocial development, parenting styles and risk behaviors in Persian adolescents. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the data.
Results of study showed that among the aspects of psychosocial development trust/mistrust (β=-0.205, P<0.05), industry/inferiority (β=-0.204, P<0.05) and identity/confusion (β=-0.215, P<0.05) dimensions and among the practices of parenting permissive (β=0.164, P<0.05), authoritative style (β=-0.147, P<0.05) and authoritarian style (β=-0.185, P<0.01) predict risky behaviors.
So, it can be concluded psychosocial development and parenting practices of parents are an important individual and environmental factors in risky behaviors in adolescents.

This study was conducted to determine the role of the Identity Status, the quality of parent-child relationship and religiosity on mental health of the first and second grades of high school students in Shahrekord city.
The research method was descriptive correlational design. The statistical population of the first and second grade in high school students of Shahrekord, were 475 students (247 first high school students and 228 secondary school students) which, were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis using a simultaneous statistical method.
The results showed that the identity status, the quality of the relationship between parents and children and religiosity affected mainly on the students' mental health. The contribution of the variables of the identity achievement (0.14), the identity of Moratorium (0.18), the relationship between father and child (0.12), mother-child relationship (0.11) and religiosity (0.22) in explaining mental health were obtained.
  According to the results of this study there was a need for attention to the relationship between parents and children, identity, religiosity and mental health in adolescents and students. It can be especially applicable in high school.

Background Nowadays, the essentiality to provide services to outpatients has been grown in medical centers in developed and particularly developing cities. Outpatients are a kind of patients who register their appointment by requesting a specific website, telephone call or app before entering the medical centers and referring them to be visited within the prescribed time. To achieve optimal outpatient care, health centers must design and implement systems and policies that not only improve outpatient satisfaction but also minimize the costs of medical centers.
This paper develops a model that considers increasing the number of patients admitted, physician lateness and cancelation of outpatient appointments due to extreme delays. It formulates a stochastic mixed-integer programming model that decreases the costs by reducing outpatient waiting time, physician overtime, and physician idle time.  It uses the sample average approximation that defines scenarios based on the model conditions. Moreover, it considers that outpatients may register their appointments but do not go to the medical center.  It also formulates another essential factor, unpunctuality of outpatients (both earliness and lateness conditions).
This paper defines some tests for the sensitivity analysis of the proposed model and then compares it with a model in the literature. These analyses were carried out using GAMS software which shows the results of the proposed model.
Finally, this article shows reviews and evaluations to prove its optimality and utility of the proposed model for using it in the real world.

The safety culture of the patient is one of the main components of the services, which means preventing any injuries and wounds to the patient while delivering health care. The studies show that safe behavior cannot be used only by setting the rules and regulations. Creating an effective culture of patient safety prevents many accidents and helps the organization to improve services. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the patient’s safety culture. The present study aimed to evaluate the current status of Patient safety culture in operating room staff of educational centers in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

The present cross - sectional and analytical descriptive type study was performed in hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.136 employees of operation room were selected through stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and the standard questionnaire including 42 questions of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS).Answers of the questions were designed on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests using SPSS software version 16.

The results of this study show that the highest mean scores between the two dimensions of overall perception of patient safety and non-punitive response in case of an error were 15.16 and 14.96 , respectively and the lowest mean score for teamwork between units and the staffing issues of employee were 8.32, and 8.82 respectively. The overall safety culture of the patient was not significantly related to gender, education, and marital status. However, a positive relationship was observed between the work history and the patient's general culture score.

By measuring the safety culture of health care organizations, we can identify the strengths and weaknesses of these organizations in terms of patient safety and plan for proper safety development in the hospital. Based on the results of the present study, providing sufficient personnel and job standards for personnel and allocating sufficient resources to improve the quality and care and improving team work between units by managers may help to promote the safety culture in health care centers.Along with the main mission of hospitals which is providing the effective and safe services, concentration on patient safety culture should be as a priority in management plans to provide a basis for enhancing patient safety

Today, medical equipment has become an integral part of all sections of healthcare systems and a significant portion of the costs in healthcare is allocated to this sector. Optimal utilization of equipment requires them to be kept operational and safe in most of their life. Therefore, providing appropriate medical equipment is of utmost importance. This study reviewed the existing literature and extracted the relevant articles using the appropriate keywords in the national and international databases. The international sanctions is one of the critical factors affecting the procurement of medical equipment as a result of which the people of the sanctioned countries suffer the most. According to this review, the sanctions have led to increased health costs and tariffs and increased share of direct payment by people for the healthcare expenses. The money transfer problems have caused import of medicine and medical equipment to be very long. These factors have led to a negative impact on the availability and price of these items and consequently the healthcare in Iran. Since Iran needs to import many health-related raw materials and services and on the other hand, the import of these goods, declines under the economic sanctions conditions. Therefore, actions should be taken through the required policies such as motivational policies, maximum utilization of domestic capacities, foreign joint ventures and trade agreements with other countries in order to produce a part of the necessary capital and intermediary goods within the country, considering the available capabilities, so that the country’s production capacity does not suffer.

The significant growth of the IOT market in various fields leads to ask a question whether conventional business model frameworks can continue to Design business models for IOT applications. To answer the question, the aim of this paper is to identify the importance and ranking of "value proposition" in business models of IOT applications in healthcare.

Method

In this paper, the application of design factors of value proposition of 30 IOT mobile application in healthcare is determined based on Canvas Business Model Framework and expert opinions. First, we
Identify 30 successful and widely used IoT application based on the data available in the Appstore and Google play platform, and determine selectable factors in designing the value preposition section Business Model of IOT health application. To examine which of the selected factors were used in each of  30 IOT health applications, 15 experts are selected. Seven experts were academic researchers who had research papers or reports in this fields. other experts have been involved in the development of IoT applications in health for at least 5 years. Finally, we use Shanon Entropy approach to determine weight and rank of design factors of value preposition in the business model of IOT applications in health.

An analysis of the number of factors used in the top thirty IOT applications shows that the most commonly used design factors in the value proposition were acknowledged, Newness, Customization. The identification of these three factors illustrates the importance of the IOT in health Innovation. Due to all three factors are related to the concept of innovation, and unlike most business models, the price is ranked 21st out of 31 design factors in the value proposition.

The results of this study can be used as a starting point for IOT developers to focus on the most commonly used design factors for business models, reducing trial and error costs and software development timely.

The emergence of a new Coronavirus, causing the COVID-19, which got started from China with a subsequent rapid spread of the virus in various parts of the world, has been considered as a pandemic. It has raised a great concern in various countries facing large numbers of infected people, presenting with mild manifestations in most cases and sometimes severe and complicated cases and death. As there is not any specific treatment for the COVID-19 treatment, most medical centers rely on the supportive medical intervention in these patients. In this regard, all aspects of the human body could be effective in the process of treatment, as well as nutrition, sleep quality, and psychological issues like stress control.  In this review, keywords such as stress, treatment, and Covid-19 used to search in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, WHO, Articles, and dissertations received during 2020, and finally 12 sources were selected and critiqued, interpreted, and analyzed. Our study showed that COVID-19 exposes patients to constant and chronic stress. Regardless of patients, all society members could experience more stress due to the implication of health measures such as social distancing and home quarantine. While in patients this feeling of stress is extremely high; considering stress management programs as well as managing the patient physical activity and providing proper nutritional support, may be helpful in the improvement of COVID-19 through stress management.

Effective and continuous monitoring is one of the essential requirements of ICUs. In recent years, the advent of new technologies has led to the development of smart ICUs that automatically gather, store and analyze healthcare information. In this paper, we aim to design the information view of an IOT-based framework for smart ICUs to provide preventive and intelligent healthcare. In previous studies conducted to develop architectures for smart ICUs, data processing is done in a large centralized fashion by cloud computers. This approach may take a long time when dealing with a large amount of data. In this paper, we used the fog technique to bring some computation and storage resources to the edge of the network instead of relying on the cloud for everything.

  A reference architecture model and new technologies such as IoT, cloud computing, fog computing and smart sensors were used to design the information view of a smart ICU architecture. This view consists of five layers of data acquisition, transfer, storage, process and presentation layer. The proposed framework gathers patients’ health-related data continuously and provides real-time analysis.

In this paper, training the models, that took a long time, was performed in the cloud. Instead, classifying the new records, which took much less time, was performed in the fog. This greatly increased the speed of operations (2 ms vs 13590 ms). In addition, conducting calculations in the fog intensely reduced the transmission delays (8 ms vs 108 ms for only SPO2 variable).

 New technologies were used to provide the information view of a smart ICU framework. Instead of relying solely on cloud, this paper uses fog technology to bring some computation and storage resources to the edge of the network. This greatly reduced the transmission latency and provided real-time analysis.

 Neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare tumor and arises from cells dispersed in the neuroendocrine system.

 In this study, we report a 62-year-old man who was presented with a chief complaint of constipation in 2019 at Firoozgar Hospital in Tehran. The patient had no family history of cancer but noted a weight loss of 15 to 20 kg over the past 8 months.

 According to the colonoscopy, there was a polypoid lesion about 10 to 15 mm in the rectum, and biopsy was done for histological studies. In the present study, a metastatic rectal neuroendocrine tumor was detected in the liver.Microscopic studies of the mass revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was positive for Chromogranin, Pan-Cytokranine, and Ki-67 and negative for Synaptophysin, Hepar, TTFI, PAX8, and CDX2. After performing diagnostic procedures for excisional rectal biopsy, Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) was performed. After a few days, the patient was discharged with a good general condition and stable vital signs.

 Although neuroendocrine tumors of the rectum relatively slow growth, they are malignant and can metastasize to other areas. In general, the prognosis of patients with metastatic disease is poor and information about the specific treatment of these patients is limited

 This paper presents cost efficiency analysis of network models with parallel structure. Through measuring cost efficiency of this type of systems, conventional cost efficiency model considers the system as a whole and neglects the operations of the internal processes.

 As a theoretical contribution, the parallel cost efficiency model was proposed to utilize the operation of internal processes for measuring cost efficiency of the system. This study proposed a cost efficiency decomposition of parallel systems, where each process utilized external inputs to produce external outputs. In addition to the theoretical aspect, as an empirical contribution, we implemented the proposed model for cost efficiency analysis of hospitals in Mashhad for two levels, i.e. hospital level and ward level.

 Ignoring organizational structure of hospitals and considering them as black boxes, the average technical efficiency of hospitals was found to be 0.6 for. Then considering the internal structure of hospitals, the technical efficiency values of hospitals changed into 0.1. Taking cost efficiency measures into account, it was found that the average cost efficiency of hospital was low, namely, about 0.32 that is attributed to hospital’s system; however, the average cost efficiency of wards was much higher, i.e. about 0.38, though it was still low. Among different wards, ICU ward ranked the first level in terms of cost efficiency, followed by emergency ward and operation ward ranked the second and third, respectively.

 Internal structure of hospitals, as a complex organization, should be taken into account in efficiency analysis to have a better insight regarding performance. It is worth mentioning that in hospitals in Mashhad more attention must be paid to cost minimization and cost management, specifically in emergency wards and operation wards.

Among the ever-increasing environmental challenges and the increasing value of intellectual capital, the need for action to continue to manage and promote employees is more than ever evident. These facts set the issue of managerial success as one of the most significant debates in the scientific and management centers of the past two decades of developed countries. The purpose of this study was to design a system for coordinating clinical management practices for government hospitals. The present study is applied in a quantitative and quantitative way, which is done in a cross-sectional manner.

First, by reviewing previous studies and studies using experts' opinions, criteria for selection and development of successors of clinical management jobs were identified and categorized in five main categories along with sub-criteria. A questionnaire containing paired matrices was prepared. The questionnaire was completed by a statistical population of the hospital administrators including the director of the hospital, the director of quality, the human resources director, the nursing office staff (10 people). The criteria were then ranked according to the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method.

The findings of the study showed that the highest knowledge and expertise criterion (weight = 0.25) and the highest communication priority (weight = 0.15) had the lowest priority in the selection and development of clinical management jobs. According to the results of the research, it should be acknowledged that the proposed successor model for clinical management practices in government hospitals of Iran consists of five main effective factors, including knowledge and expertise, personality traits and management skills, experience and communication.

Therefore, considering all these factors, the establishment and implementation of the successor plan could provide successful clinical management jobs for state hospitals.

Aim of this study was the evaluation of effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on internalized shame and self-criticism of Women with Alopecia Areata disease.

This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-post test with control group, and 45 days follow up. The population were women referred to Dermatology hospital of Payambar Azam Medical and Research Complex of Bandar-Abbas in 2019. After receiving the clinical and diagnostic interview, 40 women with Alopecia Areata disease, were selected randomly and were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups.

Before starting treatment both groups responded to scales of internalized shame and self-criticism and then the experimental group received compassion-focused therapy in 8 sessions for 90 minutes and control group did not receive any treatment at this time. By post-test and follow-up treatment both groups were evaluated. Mixed analysis of variance showed that group training compassion treatment focused on internalized shame has been effective on experimental group in post-test and follow-up. This training also significantly reduced internal self-criticism and comparative self -critical of experimental group.

Based on the results, compassion-focused therapy can be used as a new intervention method for reducing internalized shame and self-criticism in women with Alopecia Areata disease.

This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-post test with control group, and 45 days follow up. The population were women referred to Dermatology hospital of Payambar Azam Medical and Research Complex of Bandar-Abbas in 2019. After receiving the clinical and diagnostic interview, 40 women with Alopecia Areata disease, were selected randomly and were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups.

Before starting treatment both groups responded to scales of internalized shame and self-criticism and then the experimental group received compassion-focused therapy in 8 sessions for 90 minutes and control group did not receive any treatment at this time. By post-test and follow-up treatment both groups were evaluated. Mixed analysis of variance showed that group training compassion treatment focused on internalized shame has been effective on experimental group in post-test and follow-up. This training also significantly reduced internal self-criticism and comparative self -critical of experimental group.

Based on the results, compassion-focused therapy can be used as a new intervention method for reducing internalized shame and self-criticism in women with Alopecia Areata disease.