نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 31 (زمستان 1398)

In the present era, many regional conflicts and conflicts are the source of governments that have common watersheds. The formation and formation of natural waterways, which are the rivers, are influenced by various factors such as climatic conditions, geology, human and geographical factors. The rivers with the common border areas can have tangible effects on the relations of the two countries, especially on political and security issues. Common river basins, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, have been drastically reduced in recent years and have had various effects on the border areas of the country. Hirmand and Farahrud are not exceptions to this rule and the problem of water scarcity has caused economic changes in the border town of Nehbandan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Hirmand and Farahrood River on economic security of eastern regions of Iran in Nehbandan. The research method is descriptive-survey and two library and field methods have been used for data collection. The statistical population of the research is 12522 people in two cities of Bandan, Shoussef and Hong Border. According to the size of the statistical population, the sample size was 373 using Cochran formula. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling. The validity of the items in the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha, which was 0.838, indicating high reliability of the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of evaluating the effects of river water depletion on economic component using confirmatory factor analysis showed that economic welfare (0.856); household vulnerability (0.834); agricultural (0.908); employment and entrepreneurship (849). 0. Migration component (0.780); Investment component (0.790); Productivity component (0.775) and Feelings of security component (0.783) and overall have the greatest impact on economic security.

Since border areas are one of the most sensitive points in the country, recognizing the impact of border management Islamic factors on the security of these areas is one of the most important points in understanding security vulnerabilities in order to prevent any tensions and actions. It is considered anti-security. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of border management on border security with the Islamic border guard approach of Piranshahr city. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and nature of the problem, and survey is also in terms of research method. The statistical population includes the border guards of Piranshahr city in 1398 with 645 people. The sample size was 241 people according to Cochran's table and to collect data from the questionnaire, the formal and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and the validity of the structure was calculated using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Spss23 and Smart PLS statistical software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that border guarding has a direct and significant effect on border security from the Quran's point of view with a coefficient of 0.792, borderline from the point of view of narrations and rules with a coefficient of 0.774, and borderline from the point of view of Nahjul Balagha with a coefficient of 0.669. As a result, border management has a positive and significant effect on border security with an Islamic approach.

Due to the competition of regional and trans-regional powers, the Caspian Sea has become a tense and unstable environment after the collapse of the Soviet Union. As a result, the region's movement towards militarization and ultimately the military structure of the countries in the region has expanded significantly. Quantitative and qualitative increase in new naval vessels is one of the measures taken by coastal countries. Given this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of new vessels on the security of the Caspian Sea borders. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of the study is 70 commanders of vessels of Mazandaran province. The sampling method in this study is a whole questionnaire and data collection tool is a questionnaire. The validity of the present questionnaire has been confirmed by obtaining the opinion of elites and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of (0.912). Spss software has been used to analyze and analyze the obtained data. The obtained findings show that the level and class, quantity and number, equipment and facilities of new vessels have a direct impact on the security of the Caspian Sea water borders in Mazandaran province. The results also show that the Islamic Republic of Iran has the lowest growth rate of military and security spending in the Caspian littoral among the five Caspian littoral states, while Russia has the best vessels, equipment and vessels and can be a good model. For the Islamic Republic of Iran, it should be in strengthening the Coast Guard and how to control and monitor the Caspian Sea borders.

Border security is a strong support for security with its various dimensions within the country, and any insecurity at the border is able to disrupt the economic, cultural, political, social and military systems within the country, and in return, the desired security is able to limit its security. And it has a very prominent share in the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the political and social factors affecting the cooperation of border residents in improving the security of border areas of Urmia. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey type. The statistical population includes all commanders and successors of border units, security officials and political and security deputies, which is 120 people in total. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed with spss statistical software. The results of the research show that from the point of view of border residents, participation in the implementation of security projects increases the sense of cooperation and cooperation between the people of the region. Regarding the level of awareness of the respondents about the methods of improving the security of the border, the average awareness of the respondents from different aspects of the plans to improve the security of the border areas shows.

Public diplomacy with a peaceful coexistence strategy in Islam has a long history and its history dates back to the reign of the Prophet (PBUH). In fact, the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), in addition to using diplomacy in its traditional and conventional framework, has used public diplomacy to communicate with nations and fulfill his global mission. But in the meantime, one of the most important aspects of the life of the Prophet (PBUH) is the life of the general diplomacy of the Prophet (PBUH); Among the Arab inhabitants of the central regions of the Arabian Peninsula and then spread over a large part of the world. This research seeks to answer the basic question of what methods have been used in the strategy of peaceful coexistence of introversion and transnationalism in the general multilateral diplomacy of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH). The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research findings show that the general diplomacy of the Prophet of Islam with the strategy of peaceful coexistence has been able to play a role by using it at three levels and through this interaction has increasingly influenced the policy of peaceful coexistence inside and outside the country. With characteristics such as openness, empathy, support, positivism and equality, the Prophet (pbuh) displayed praiseworthy methods of communication and public diplomacy through private and public invitation; peaceful political methods; various treaties with internal tribes and border neighbors.

Establishment of border markets is one of the most well-known methods of economic development of border areas, which has been able to create a dramatic change in production, employment, stabilization of border population, increase income and ultimately development and sustainable security in these areas. The present study examines the role of Mahirood border market in the security of Nehbandan border region. This research is applied and descriptive-analytical. Its statistical population includes all exhibitors, merchants, workers, employees of the private and public sectors in the Mahirood border market, and local trustees of the region. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose reliability was estimated to be 0.88 using the Cronbach's alpha test for the whole questionnaire. Formal validity was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire using the opinions of experts. The information obtained was analyzed using SPSS24 software. According to the findings of the statistical population, Mahirud border bazaar has achieved its goals of achieving border security in Nehbandan region by 51% and people believe that the goals of the bazaar have been achieved. These statistics show the positive role of the bazaar in the border area for the people. In other words, all research hypotheses regarding the role of Mahirood border market activity in the realization of border security of Nehbandan region in different dimensions of development and stabilization of residents (82%), reduction of migration (92%) and expansion of regional infrastructure (85%) had a significant effect. And has been approved. Accordingly, the major policies of the Islamic Republic in the development of border markets have been achieved with the aim of creating lasting security in the border areas, so it is necessary to expand this policy in other areas, of course, in accordance with the principle of using local forces and export development.