فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 32 (پاییز 1398)

In this article, we have attempted to examine the relationship between Bazar and shopping centers in the Middle East and, more specifically, in Iran. Our approach is documentary and library-based, and we have, on the one hand, used literature review on Middle Eastern countries' commercial spaces, and on the other, the litrature in Iran. In fact, our main focus is on Iran, with the aim of reviewing the status of several countries in this regard, incorporating the status of Iranian commercial spaces within the broader regional context and context, and providing international comparability with key countries. In this article, we conclude that, despite the expansion of shopping malls, Bazar will continue to survive in the new commercialized space by modifying themselves and each of them will create its own niche and functional space.

According to the Statistics Center of Iran, the results of the population and housing census in 1395, 74% of the population of Iran live in cities. In today's urban space of Iran, which is in the era of communication and intelligence explosions, Iranian citizens are exposed to a variety of cultural-media products either through the consumption of cultural goods and goods, domestic or domestic production, or through the goods market Cultural, as well as media products through the national media and various satellite networks and the global Internet network in real and virtual space. The purpose of this study is to describe the existing cultural imitation of Iranian urban population in the urban social space of Iran. This research was conducted using deep interviewing methodology and documentary libraries. In order to achieve the research objectives, experts' opinions in this field were assisted in two faculties of communication science and sociology. In this research, urban social space has been investigated in 3 urban including metropolises, cities of different centers provinces and other cities of the country. The result of this study was the five stages of cultural imitation of Iranian urban population in the urban social space of the country. With the supply of western cultural-media products, and its consumption by Iranian urbanists, Western consumption culture is reproduced in the urban social space of Iran.

At the beginning of 1397, two important events was important for public opinion. the exchange rate fluctuations and the filtering of the telegramThe media covered these topics in the same way and they became the first priority of the people's minds. In this study, considering the importance of these issues and the subsequent consequences for the society, we will review the contents of the four newspapers of Kayhan, Sharg, Hamshahri and Iran in the first two months of the year, by comparing the comparative comparison of these news. The results of the research indicate that each of the news sites has their own specific idea of these trends, which is in line with their policy and orientation. In the Kayhan newspaper, criticizing the telegram and government policies for controlling the exchange rate was the fist Priority of coveraging these news. In Sharg Political affairs during the telegram filtering and expression of the economic and social consequences of the exchange rate was important . The Hamshahri newspaper prioritized the issue of security in the domestic messenger and the elimination of foreign messager’s monopoly and support for the government's economic policies.

The 'post-development' school was created in development literature after World War II and in criticizing to the development process by individuals such as Ivan Illich, Arturo Escobar, Gustav Esteva, Majid Rahnema, Wolfgang Sachs and Serge Latouche. consequently, this school is a part of the history of development. Post-developmentalists see development as an ideology that exists in the northern countries and originally is the wrong answer to the true needs and aspirations of the southern world, so one must think of an alternative for it that is post-developmental.The present article studies the history and explanation of this school during the post-development critiques from development, and vice versa, the development critics from post- development and considers the following as one of the most important post-development indicators: "ignoring the whole of development paradigm," Prioritizing the culture over economics" , "promoting a popular or populist (bottom-up) development approach with decentralization criteria, NGOs, empowering people "," not seeing development purely from a perspective. "Western countries" , "Making the world culturally more humane and environmentally sustainable" and "less reliant on expert knowledge (Prioritizing the views of ordinary people instead of the elites). After introducing the post-developmental school in the final section, the relation between post-developmental and Iranian society is discussed, and it is concluded that the post-developmental school divides the world into two developed and underdeveloped sectors, with principles on each of them, While it seems that such a widespread and wide-ranging view cannot account for the fundamental differences in Third World countries and, as a result, prescribe a unified version for all of them, this is one of the main criticisms of the post-development school. In Iranian society, which has a monolithic, oil-dependent economy with a central government that is geographically raing scarce and lacks a strong private sector, basically speaking of "bottom-up" development without government intervention and assistance, Is impossible.

This study investigates the factors affecting adolescents' attraction to social networks (study of adolescents living in Ekbatan town). Social networks are sites that consist of a simple site including a search engine plus features such as chat, email, and other features that allow users to share its content. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure adolescents' attraction to social networks and its effective factors, the variables of which are based on the theory of "use and satisfaction". The statistical population of this study was all 12-18 years old adolescents living in Ekbatan town. Statistical sampling was done by available sampling method with the presence of 200 samples. Analysis of the data shows that there is a significant relationship between adolescents' use of social networks and the need for "personal relationships", "personal identity", and "having fun and escape from reality". However, according to the findings of this study, there was no significant relationship between adolescents' use of social media and the need for "awareness and monitoring of the environment".

Unsafe is a relative thing in terms of environmental and social world and lived experience of different actors. The aim of this study is to analyze the meaning, the lived experiences, backgrounds, causes and consequences of Unsafe women's slums dwellers is the purpose utilizes the methodology of qualitative, grounded theory method, semi-structured interviews with 33 women and purposive sampling Mohammad Abad Located in the south of the city shahriar settlements were interviewed. The collected data is then encoded to interpret the meaning and determine the causal conditions, context and consequences of Unsafe female, categorize and analyze. The results indicate that the 4 types of insecurity (physical, mental, status and moral) women living in slums experience there. As well as personality disorder, disorder of distribution, disorder symbol as causal conditions Illegibility space and reification of the female body as fields and erosion (social and communicative) was discovered as a result of insecurity of women slum dwellers.

The cultural dimensions of politics operate alongside other sources on which political actors are heavily dependent (such as money, public relations, access to the media, or access to government bureaucracy). Those who have greater access to media resources are able to perform more effective actions that attract political and social attention. Thus, the cultural dimensions of politics provide a window into those who are far from the center of power. These individuals and groups can develop cultural skills and apply them in the cultural environment. Today, the cultural dimensions of politics have become increasingly important, and media developments have eroded the distinction between public and private space. Turning political activists' private lives into personal issues has had a profound effect on their political fortunes. As a result, political actors skillfully organize political events in a dramatic way to increase their legitimate authority. In this respect, politics is like theater, and politics is increasingly theatrical, as the importance of the mass media grows.