نشریه زبان شناسی و گویش های ایرانی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

In the current geographical boundaries of Iran, Abarj district is part of Marvdasht plain which is historically located between the two ancient sites of Parseh (Achaemenid civilization) and Anshan (Elamite civilization). Different villages across the plain with Doroudzan at the center, and those across the mountainous areas, such as Dashtak and Kondazi, have allotted cultural and dialectal variety to this part of Fars province. The dialect spoken in Doroudzan represents that of the plain settlers along Kor River, and the dialect common in Dashtak and Kondazi is typical of the one used by mountain settlers. In this essay, phonological, semantic, and etymological transformations of the widely used vocabulary of this region have been classified in terms of a variety of subjects: body organs, fauna, everyday essentials, a number of adverbs and common verbs. As will be seen, some of these words (noft for "nose" in Doroudzani) have ancient roots, but cannot be traced in Middle and New Persian; we can also see some words that were common in Middle Persian, but are now lost, or have a very rare use in New Persian (parvandušna for "not last night but the night before" in Kondazi). This field- and archival research leads us to the conclusion that the dialects in the mountainous areas represent the older original dialect spoken across Marvdasht plain which later, with the arrival of immigrant communities to the shores of Kor River, has been replaced by the immigrants' dialect; however, in the mountainous areas, older dialects are still being used.

This research is an investigation of the consonant-to-consonant assimilation within the framework of geometry of phonological features (Clements, 1985; McCarthy,1988 and Clements & Hume, 1995) in one of the dialects in Tehran Province known as Damavandi. The theory of feature geometry is concerned with the way different distinguishing features get organized in accordance with phonological rules. The research question is whether we can elucidate the process of consonant-to-consonant assimilation within the framework of the above-mentioned theory. To find an answer, questionnaires were given to dialect users and the data in relevant books and dissertations were gathered; thence, 6oo pieces of data were collected. After proposing the theory and considering an appropriate research method, the data was analyzed. The analysis of each of the assimilations was dealt with via the following process: the frequency among the data was specified, tabular presentation of the sample frequency was provided, one sample was adopted as an example, the two hypotheses were examined to determine the deep structures, the linear form of the confirmed hypothesis was proposed, and lastly the sample non-linear presentation was displayed through phonological features. This study indicates that the consonant-to-consonant assimilation process in Damavandi dialect can be elucidated within the framework of the theory of feature geometry.

Assimilation is one of the most important and popular phonological processes, and is common in almost all spoken languages in the world. The current research is an investigation of this phonological process and its various kinds in Lari language. Assimilation in Lari language has been studied in terms of three dimensions: similarity, continuity and orientation. On the basis of what was said above, assimilation in Lari consists of complete and partial assimilation, continuous and non-continuous assimilation, and regressive and progressive assimilation. Despite what Ahmadniya noted in 1385, the reciprocal assimilation is absent in Lari. In the course of the above-mentioned assimilation processes, the following cases may take place: consonant-to-consonant, consonant-to-vowel, vowel-to-consonant or a vowel-to-vowel assimilation. The process of consonant-to-consonant assimilation includes assimilation in voice, place of articulation and manner of articulation. In consonant-to-vowel assimilation, the changes happen in both place and manner of articulation. However, we cannot see examples of assimilation in voices in the case of consonant-to-vowel assimilation in Lari.The process of assimilation has been investigated in some dissertations written about Lari language, but only superficial and brief categorizations have been proposed. The current study is a systematic categorization of the process of assimilation in Lari.  The process of assimilation has been investigated in some dissertation on Lari, but only superficial and brief categorizations have been suggested in these researches but the current study is a systematic categorization of the process of assimilation in Lari.

Iran has always enjoyed a diverse cultural and linguistic geography throughout its rich history. Despite common beliefs, this diversity of culture—with regard to the strategic location of Iran in this critical part of the world-- has greatly contributed to the nation's solidarity and the territorial integrity of the country. Iranian villagers have different ethnic backgrounds and speak different languages and dialects with different accents. The objective of this research is to collect, record and write down the local names of mange, one of the ruminants’ infectious diseases.  With the cooperation of Iran's Veterinary Organizationan, a questionnaire was prepared in the 80s and sent to the veterinary offices in 31 provinces in Iran, asking for the local equivalents for mange which is caused by tiny mites. Mites are parasites that pierce the skin, feed on the lymph and cause secretion of poisons and intense itching. They make the infected animals miserable and can inflict severe economic loss. This study that has been carried out for the first time in Iran lists the local names of mange, which have been spoken or pronounced in 84 different ways in 30 provinces with a range of 1-9 per province. No dialect word for mange was reported in Alborz Province. The results of the study can not only enrich the repertoire of Iranian dialects, but also establish a link between rural people and those involved in sanitary and veterinary career.

The present research is a diachronic semantic study to explore the meanings of two Persian verbs, namely “andâxt/andâz-” and “borid/bor-”. The meanings of these verbs have been carefully investigated in Old Persian, Middle Persian, the poetry and prose of Islamic era and contemporary Persian with a comparative approach. This diachronic semantic research is necessary to decide about polysemic verbs, homonymic verbs and context-dependent synonymy with regard to etymological clues and historical documentations. Furthermore, the criteria for distinguishing polysemy from homonymy will also be mentioned and finally we will see that as far as these verbs are concerned, homonymy is out of the question. It is equally incorrect to draw on context-dependent synonymy to justify the semantic relation among different meanings of the verbs. Each of these two verbs should be considered polysemic.

This research seeks the motivations and patterns of code switching among Sistani dialect users living in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, who speak two dialects: local and standard Persian. The reasons behind code switching among Sistani dialect users have been considered in terms of social factors and within the framework of Giles' accommodation theory (1979). Giles mentions four parameters as the motivations for code switching: mood, emotion, belief, and commitment to communal interaction. He later on elaborated the issue and added other factors (1982). Social class and gender have been studied to see how they can motivate code switching among Sistani dialect users. Having investigated the speech of B.A. students of Zabol University, the researcher reached the conclusion that as far as gender is concerned, women turn to code switching less often than men; and as far as social class is concerned, lower classes use code switching more often. This can be justified in terms of Giles's theory according to which, lower class people have a stronger tendency to maintain class congruity. The other point has to do with the use of standard Persian by men and women and by members of upper and lower classes: compared to women, men are less apt to use standard Persian and compared to the upper class, the lower class is more apt to use Sistani dialect; these differences echo the various patterns and motivations related to code switching as far as social factors are concerned.

Luri, as spoken in Kohgiluyeh, is one of the dialects common in the western part of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. One of the most important characteristics of Luri dialect is the frequent use of adjectives. Lur tribes lead a nomadic life and have a deep connection with land and farm animals; thus, as far as these two critical elements are concerned, Lur dialect users apply terms to establish the boundaries of their surrounding phenomena. Apparently, the adjectives and words form a system of signification when referring to the same phenomenon; this system helps the dialect users to get their meanings across without difficulty.  In this paper, words associated with rural life used in the Luri dialect of Kohgiluyeh, which is itself a subdivision of the Luri dialect of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, are presented. To this end, terms related to rural life (places, dates, plants, tools, birds and insects) have been collected. It should be noted that the geographical scope of this study includes the villages surrounding Londeh County.