فصلنامه ایده های نوین روانشناسی
سال پنجم شماره 8 (بهار 1398)

The purpose of this study was to test the multivariable model of physics problem solving in skilled and novice students physics. this study in terms of purpose is descriptive, in nature, is the fundamental study and in terms of method is the correlation research. 360 students of Urmia university department of physics were selected by Purposefully sampling method, so that the senior students were considered as skilled and freshmen students were considered as a novice group. Research questionnaires consisted of Motivation Inventory Questionnaire, metaevaluation questions, five physics problems designed to assess using unstructured diagrams strategies, Social Support Questionnaire, and eight problem to assess conceptual knowledge. The results showed that social support, motivation, metacognition, strategy, free-body diagrams and classification issues in terms of a causal model able to predict students' problem solving and explains about 26% changes of students' problem-solving. Goodness of fit indices showed that the tested model has a adequately fit with the collected data. Also fitting indicators suggest that the model is generally fitted in the elite group is superior to the novice group. The results also showed that the Fitness indices of model in skilled group were beter than novice group.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based treatment on demographic, social adjustment and mental health of Dissatisfied couples referring to counseling centers in Tehran in 1398. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with experimental and control group. The statistical population was all dissatisfied couples who referred to counseling centers in Tehran who were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment in 8 sessions of 90-minute psychotherapy intervention and the control group remained on the waiting list. Measurement tools used in this study were demographic and social adjustment questionnaire (California, 1953) and mental health questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). Data analysis was performed by SPSS-v22 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance). The results showed that group acceptance and commitment psychotherapy improved the "individual-social adjustment" of dissatisfied couples, The results also showed that group acceptance and commitment psychotherapy were effective on "anxiety and insomnia", "social dysfunction" and "depression" of dissatisfied couples, while there was no difference between groups on "physical symptoms". Therefore, it can be said that acceptance and commitment group psychotherapy is an effective way to improve social adjustment and mental health of unhappy couples.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training on life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers with children with special learning disabilities in Tehran in 1398. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with children with learning disabilities in Tehran. Using available sampling method, 30 individuals (15 for each group) were selected from mothers of children with specific learning disabilities in Tehran and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 minutes of 90 minute resuscitation training and the control group remained on the waiting list. Data collection was done based on Life expectancy Schneider (2000) Questionnaire and Psychological Well-being Reef (1980) Questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis). The results showed that the mean of experimental group increased in life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers with children with specific learning disabilities compared to control group. It can be said that resilience education has been effective on life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers of children with specific learning disabilities, so the results represent new horizons in clinical interventions and can be used as an effective intervention method.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy on social anxiety and interpersonal dependence of women referring to health homes. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women referred to health clinics in Tehran in 1398. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 40 individuals who were selected as single stage cluster sampling and then were divided into experimental (20) and control (20) groups and the experimental group received 8 sessions of emotion-based treatment. And the control group remained on the waiting list. Data were collected based on social anxiety (Connor et al., 2000) and interpersonal dependency scale (Hirschfield et al., 1977). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential parts (covariance). The findings showed that emotion-based therapy reduced the level of social anxiety and interpersonal dependence in women referring to health clinics. Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that emotion-focused therapy as a unique approach, in addition to being effective in treating personality disorders, can be useful in treating other mental disorders as well.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Positive Psychology on Achievement Motivation and Self-efficacy on Students Living in Dormitories of Tehran University in 1398. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with experimental and control group. The statistical population consisted of all students residing in Tehran University dormitory who were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of intervention based on positive psychology training and the control group remained on the waiting list. The measuring tools used in this study were the Achievement Motivation (Hermans, 1970) Questionnaire and the Self-efficacy (Sherer & Maddox, 1982) Questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance). The results showed that positive psychology training improved the Achievement Motivation of students living in dormitory. The results also showed that positive psychotherapy training also increased the self-efficacy of dormitory students. Therefore, it can be said that positive psychology training is an effective way to increase the Achievement Motivation and selfefficacy in dormitory students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between being under insurance services and the rate of follow up of the disease among dialysis patients in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia. The research method was causal-comparative. Statistical population was all hemodialysis patients in Shahid Motahhari hospital in Urmia in 1398. The sample consisted of 60 hemodialysis patients (30 patients) and dialysis patients (30 patients) who were selected based on available sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire of disease follow-up. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, which was above 70%. Content validity was also used to test the validity of the questionnaire for which the questionnaire was approved by the relevant expert. Descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics of Levon test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and covariance analysis were used for data analysis. The results show that the mean follow-up rates among dialysis patients under insurance are higher than those without dialysis patients. The effect size also shows that 17% of the subjects had a difference of 13%, 12%, 10% and 14% in one week, three months, six months and one year, respectively.

spinal cord waste is one of the health and health problems of human societies, which provide a variety of physical and mental problems for the disabled and his family. The disability resulting from spinal cord waste takes special attention because it has the potential to cause complications in different body systems, and the toll is often widespread and has a wide impact on the quality of life affected by different facets. This study is a clinical trial of Observational study. The statistical population of all the patients of the spinal cord is referred to the Khatam-al-Anbia hospital in Tehran. The sample of the study consisted of 70 patients with spinal cord injuries selected by the available sampling. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of test and control groups (each group 35). Data collection instrument was questionnaire, the Cooper Smith self - esteem questionnaire (58 questions). Prior to the completion of the questionnaires by both groups, stretching exercises was completed by the test group patients and after 12 sessions the questionnaires were completed by both groups. The data analysis method was selected with SPSS number 22. the results of the present study showed that the effect of performance of the tensile safety program for the pre - and post - intervention group for regard to the results of paired t - test analysis, the exercise of the stretching exercises on self - esteem for the control group before and after intervention in general self - esteem, social self - esteem and lying have been effective (p < 0.05). also, the application of the stretching exercises on self - esteem for the pre - post and post - intervention group has been effective for the pre - post - intervention group, family self - esteem, community self - esteem, academic self - esteem, academic self - esteem, and effective stress (p < 0.05).

The findings of this study showed that doing stretching exercises affects the degree of self - of the patients with spinal cord injuries. In order to plan and policy the health system against the phenomenon of disease, it is of particular importance to improve the self - esteem in society.

Stress caused by a child with autism affect many aspects of a parent's marital life and how they communicate and interact, and given the importance of marital satisfaction and coping styles in these families the aim of this study effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on marital satisfaction and coping styles. The study was a quasi-experimental study of pretest-post-test, in which 30 parents were randomly selected from the parents of members of the Iranian Autism Association, Qods City Branch, tested in two groups of 15 people. The data collection tools were Lazarus and Folkman (1985) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction (1989), which all had acceptable validity. In the present study, a brief form of mindfulnessbased intervention based on Ferraioli and Harris, (2013) was used over a five-week period. And it was done through SPSS25 software. The results showed that mindfulness-based interventions were effective in marital satisfaction and coping styles in parents with children with autism spectrum disorder. Educational organizations and institutions such as education, welfare organization, and centers for the care and rehabilitation of the disabled are advised to hold training workshops based on mindfulness interventions for parents.

The purpose of this study was to predict students' psychological health based on wisdom. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study is students of Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran. In order to distribute the sample uniformly, among the units of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran, two units of Mallard and Research and Sciences were selected and in each unit, 100 students were randomly selected and examined. The tools used in this study were the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (1988) and the Ardlett wisdom questionnaire (2003). Depending on the level of data measurement and statistical assumptions, multiple linear regressions has been used to test the hypotheses. The results of statistical analysis showed that deepening and emotional factors have a significant negative relationship with students psychological health at 5%, and the negative coefficients actually show that by increasing these factors, students' mental health (psychological disorders) decrease.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training on self-regulation and academic stress in high school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study included the first high school students of the 16th district of Tehran and the sampling was selected by simple random method of 60 people. The problem-solving skills training program was effective for 8 two-hour sessions over two months for the experimental group. To collect information, the Conventional Self-Regulation Educational Questionnaire (1987) and the Educational Stress Questionnaire (Berman et al., 2009) were used. To analyze the data, mean descriptive statistics and standard deviation and inferential statistics of Lon test, Kolmogorov Smirnov, analysis of covariance were used. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between academic self-regulation and pre- and post-intervention academic stress. There is a significant difference between the subscales of academic self-regulation (external self-regulation, internal self-regulation, cognitive self-regulation, and internal motivation). (p <0.001). And there is a significant difference under the scales of academic stress (ambiguity in homework, academic costliness, academic style, educational program incompatibility, academic evaluation) (p <0.001) and it can be concluded that the intervention program is problem solving skills training. It can be effective in increasing academic self-regulation and reducing students' academic stress.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies training on academic procrastination and psychological well-being of Tehran students in 1398. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group and random assignment of subjects. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Tehran. Using cluster sampling method, 30 students in two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups were considered as sample size. The experimental group received cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies training for 8 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. A questionnaire of procrastination (Solomon & Ruth Bloom, 1984) and psychological well-being (Reef, 1980) were used to collect data. Content validity was also used to assess the validity of which the questionnaire was approved by relevant experts.  Data analysis was done by SPSS-v22 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis). The findings showed that teaching cognitive and metacognitive skills improved students' psychological well-being. Therefore, it seems that teaching cognitive and meta-cognitive skills can promote students' psychological well-being and provide effective techniques for dealing with procrastination.</div>

The purpose of this study was to assess the social competence of children based on social self-efficacy variables and parenting practices. The research method is descriptive, correlation f, n. The statistical population consisted of 4th grade and 5th grade elementary school students in the 6th district of Tehran, 810 people and a sample of 240 people. For data collection, a questionnaire for parental parenting styles from Baumrind, Smith's social self-efficacy scale And Betz and Social Competency Scale by Cohen and Rausmans and for analyzing Peugeh's data, multivariate regression analysis and SPSS-22 software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social competence and self-efficacy and coping style with children's social competence. The authoritative style has a negative and significant relationship with social competence of children. But the permissive style did not have a significant relationship with the social competence of children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy counseling on procrastination and loneliness in Na addicts. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study, including Na addicts in Tehran and sampling by simple random method, selected 30 people. The effective intervention counseling program was implemented in 8 sessions and a 60-minute session for the experimental group. Di Tomasso, Brennan & Best (2004), and Steel's pure procrastination questionnaire (2010) were used to collect information. To analyze the data, mean descriptive statistics and standard deviation and inferential statistics of Lon test, Kolmogorov Smirnov, analysis of covariance were used. The results of this study suggest that there is a statistically significant difference between procrastination and loneliness in Na addicts before and after the intervention. There is a significant difference in subscales of feelings of loneliness (romantic loneliness, family loneliness, social loneliness) (p <0.001). And in procrastination (p <0.001). Accordingly, holding reality therapy group intervention sessions is effective in delaying and feeling lonely in Na addicts.</div>
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The aim of the present study is bullying among secondary school students in Tabriz. The sample of this study was selected by available sampling method from 3 schools and a complete questionnaire was collected using the bullying questionnaire of Elena Bocciliro and Marcelo Darbo (132). The results showed that about 80% of students believe in bullying, 40.9% of students as witnesses of bullying, 33.3% as victims of bullying and 9.8% as bullies and 16% of them experience a combination of this condition. The results showed that 57% of cases of bullying are verbal bullying, 40% are physical and 2.56% are social / relational. About 57% of students react to bullying, reinforcing it, and only less than 29% of students respond based on non-support and encouragement of bullying. The results also showed that when bullying occurs, the actions of school officials in 70% of cases increase and in 28.8% of cases reduce bullying in schools. Considering the physical and psychological injuries and the background of bullying for psychosocial harm in students and considering the importance of school both in terms of occurrence and in terms of controlling and preventing bullying, it is possible to implement specific policies, provide appropriate and executive education and prevention programs. Proper intervention in the country's schools prevented the occurrence and creation of harmful consequences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion therapy on self-efficacy and emotional cognitive regulation in obese women in Tehran in 1399. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group has been used to collect data. The statistical population of the study consisted of all obese women referred to nutrition and diet therapy centers in Tehran, from which 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly in the experimental group (15 people in each group) and control group (15 people) were appointed. The experimental group was trained in 10 sessions of 90 minutes for cognitive emotion therapy, and the control group remained on the waiting list. The tools used in the present study included self-efficacy (Scherer and Maddox, 1982) and cognitive emotion regulation (Garnowski et al., 2001), which were used in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaire was performed through spss24 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (analysis of covariance). The results showed that cognitive emotion therapy treatment increased self-efficacy in obese women. The results also showed that cognitive emotion-oriented therapy increased emotional cognitive regulation in obese women. According to the results of this study, emotion-oriented therapy is an effective intervention in increasing self-efficacy and emotional cognitive regulation in obese women.

The aim of this study was to predict marital boredom based on thinking styles and personality traits in married students of Roodehen Azad University. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Roodehen Azad University who are studying. The sample size was determined based on the Cochran's formula; The sample studied in this study were 400 students (160 males and 240 females) who were selected by descriptive-correlation method. To collect data, three questionnaires were used: Neomac Kerry and Costa Personality Questionnaire (1985), Paynes Marital Boredom Scale (1996) and Sternberg-Wagner (1992) Thinking Styles Questionnaire, and multiple regression test was used to analyze the data. شد. The results showed that marital boredom can be predicted based on thinking styles (executive, legislative, judicial) in married students of Roodehen Azad University. Marital boredom can be predicted based on personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, acceptability and conscientiousness in married students of Roodehen Azad University.

The aim of this study was to compare personality traits, lifestyle and emotional maturity among married men and women working in the oil company in 1397-98. The research design is causal-comparative. For this purpose, 60 employees (30 females and 30 males) were selected by convenience sampling method. (2003) In two groups, the findings were analyzed through multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no difference between men and women in emotional maturity, but in the lifestyle component, men received high scores in this component, indicating that they have a healthier lifestyle than women. Also, in female personality traits, higher scores were obtained in the component of neuroticism, agreement and men scored higher in extraversion, and there was no difference between the two gender groups in the components of openness to experience and responsibility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of listening to music (music therapy) on mental health in students of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. 

The present study is a quasi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all students of the Faculty of Science and Literature of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch in 1396. Thirty students were selected by non-random sampling method and available in two groups of control (15 people) and experimental (15) people. Also, the homogenization of control and experimental groups was done based on characteristics such as age, economic status, employment status, level of education ... Goldberg (1972) mental health questionnaire with a reliability of 0.89 was used to collect data. Also, music therapy sessions were performed in 8 sessions of 60 minutes on the subjects in the experimental group, then both groups performed the post-test. Data were analyzed using one-way intergroup covariance analysis. The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the general post-tests and in the dimensions of the subscales proposed in this study. 

The results showed that music therapy significantly increased the mental health of the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05). 

The effectiveness of music therapy on all subscales of the Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire including: social function, physical symptoms, anxiety and depression was confirmed with 95% confidence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of child abuse experiences and family functioning in predicting students' personality beliefs. The present study is based on descriptive goals of correlation type. The statistical population of the present study included all postgraduate students of humanities in Birjand Azad University (440 people) in the academic year 1397-98, of which 205 postgraduate students of the humanities who were eligible to enter the study by sampling method in Available were selected and participated in the present study. Data collection tools included the Epstein et al.'s (1983) Family Performance Questionnaire and the Butler et al.'s (2007) Personality Beliefs Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using regression analysis. The results of data analysis showed that family performance is involved in predicting all components of family performance (problem solving, communication, maps, emotional companionship, emotional association, behavior control).

The issue of the relationship between children and parents has long attracted the attention of psychologists and educators. The parent-child relationship is a fundamental and vital relationship for creating security and love. Attachment is a two-way act of emotional communication that affects the physical and cognitive psychological development of the child and is the basis for the child's trust and distrust. It is necessary in regulating his thoughts and emotions. The present study investigated the relationship between marital commitment and mothers' quality of life with their children's attachment styles. This descriptive study was performed in 2020 on 200 women living in Mashhad who have been living together for at least 5 years. In this study, Hazen and Shaver Attachment Questionnaire (2008), Adams and Jones Marital Commitment Questionnaire (1997) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire were used. According to Pearson correlation coefficient, there is a significant negative relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with marital commitment as well as mothers' quality of life. There was a positive and significant relationship between marital commitment and secure attachment style with mothers' quality of life (P <0.05). According to the results of the study, the more secure a person's attachment is, the greater the person's commitment, and also the more avoidable and anxious the person's attachment, the lower personal commitment.

The family is the first founder of a person's personality, values ​​and intellectual criteria, which plays an important role in determining a person's destiny, style and policy in the future. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mothers' early maladaptive schemas and the degree of stubbornness - confrontational disobedience and aggression in children. The statistical population in this study was all male elementary school students in Esmatieh elementary school in Mashhad and their mothers in the academic year 2016-2017 who were selected by convenience sampling method. The Young Schema Questionnaire was completed by mothers, the Stubbornness-Coping Disobedience Questionnaire by Homersen (2006) and the Bass and Perry Aggression Scale (1992) by children. The results of Pearson correlation showed that there is a significant relationship between mothers' initial maladaptive schemas with the level of aggression and stubbornness in children (p <0.05). The results indicate the importance of the relationship between mothers' early maladaptive schemas and their relationship with their children. These results have important implications for the pathology, prevention, and treatment of pediatric anxiety.