فصلنامه تحقیقات حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 45 (بهار 1399)

This research examines the relationship between stock liquidity, investment and investment efficiency with respect to financial constraints and operational risk for a sample of 130 companies during the period from 2011 to 1394. The results of this research indicate that stock liquidity has a positive and significant relationship with the investment of the company. In addition, the results show that liquidity can be better off the investment opportunity by reducing its costs and facilities and lead to investment efficiency, and also showed that liquidity can reduce the sensitivity between investment efficiency and reduce investment opportunity, In other words, the higher the liquidity, the more efficient the investment, even in the case of low investment opportunities. In addition, in firms with financial constraints and operational risk, liquidity has a greater impact on investment.

Audit opinion, usually in the form of qualified and unqualified, placed into research models. However, the nature and consequences of the Basis for Modified Opinion is different. The aim of this study is to answer the question of whether the results considering the nature of the provisions before the auditor's opinion on research models, with results taking into account the opinion alone is different. The relationship between earning management and audit opinion, between earning management and Basis for Modified Opinion in separation of nature with using panel models and generalized Poisson information from 142 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) from 2008- 2015 were tested. Results indicate that the relation between earning management and type of audit opinion is only significant meaningful in one out of five earning management models. However there is significant relationship between earning management and number of paragraphs of material misstatement, ervasive limitation on the Scope of the Audit uncertainty, in four, two and one models out of five earning management models respectively.

In all legal and political systems of the world, the government had two main functions of Sovereignty and Tenure executed by assigned organizations and institutes. Sovereign affairs including policymaking, planning and monitoring are more important. Tenure is those functions capable of being entrusted to people and private sector. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, government during a forward transforming process for positive changes, especially in post-war era, codified and executed the five year strategic development plans as well as communicating the policies of article 44 of Iranian Constitution and resistance economy plan which are considerable in this regard. In this article, we investigate the legal standing and characteristics of each plan, review viewpoints relating to sovereign affairs and organizations with appraising the flow of actions in the country as well as presenting approaches for improvement of such actions and utilizing in codification of state policies, strategic annual plans, and also appraisal of performance in government offices.

Since 1984 professional committees and associations of accounting such as AAA, IAES and AEC have mentioned that teaching and learning system of accounting should change. One of the most important things that they have pointed is active learning. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of Team-based learning (TBL) As an active learning technique on the learning of intermediate accounting students in compare to the traditional method. The statistical population of this study includes all of the intermediate accounting students of Zand Institute of Higher Education in shiraz in the educational year of 2017-2018. The samples were selected according to the available community. In this study, 70 students were selected from intermediate accounting group. Then, the students were divided into experimental (35 students) and control groups (35 students). Both groups were taught by one common researcher. The score of final exam of students considered as their learning score. This study is a semi-experimental research which has conducted by pre-test, post-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results showed that TBL increases the learning of intermediate accounting.

In addition to the undeniable role of intellectual capital in the success of firms, this asset has an increasing importance for the capital market, decision makers and users of financial statements. On the other hand, the increasing demand from companies to take social responsibility has encouraged companies to engage in social and environmental responsibilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of intellectual capital on corporate social responsibility. Capital employed (physical capital), human capital and structural capital were used as intellectual capital components and the KLD criteria for measuring corporate social responsibility. The statistical population of the study consisted of 100 companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2012-2016. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression technique was used by panel data. The results of this study showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between physical capital and structural capital with social accountability. But no significant relationship was found between human capital and social responsibility.

A bias or perceptual error is a kind of deviation from the facts in decision making or judgment that affects individual actions negatively. This is also no exception to the audit profession, and the auditor is fascinated by an attribute of the performance of the company or the owner who is subject to this bias and causes his judgment to deviate from reality. The purpose of this research is investigating the halo effect on the professional auditor's career. The subjects' questioning period was 6 months from December, 2018 to June, 2019. The statistical population of the study was the auditors working under the supervision of the audit organization, which participated in two groups of testing and control. The research instrument was a questionnaire to measure the halo effect O' Donnel & Schultz (2005) questionnaire and professional career evaluation questionnaires were inspired by Draz (2010). This research used to analyze the hypothesis of the research, multivariate Multivariable Analyze of Variance (Manova), repeated variance analysis and follow-up tests were used to compare the time. The results of the research, in the form of the first hypothesis, showed that auditors who have the Lack of bias halo, have a higher professional identity than other auditors. Also, based on the results of the second hypothesis, auditors who have Lack of bias halo, have higher professional skepticism than other auditors.

Cost stickness accurs when managers adjust resources related to oprating activities effectively. Tax avoidance brings tax saving (extra money) for the company. The finantiol resource of tax avoidance effects on managerial decisions and help them to recover the expences and also make difference on cost behavior. The main purpose of this research is to identify the impact of tax avoidance on cost stickness with an emphasis on bussines strategy of company. Analysis of the hypotheses based on the sample of 90 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange between the years 2010 to 2015 in the stock exchange have been obtained. The results show that the tax avoidance has  significant effects on cost stickness. In addition the results also suggest that bussines strategy has the impact on the relationship between tax avoidance and cost stickness, it seems that strategic posisions  effects on management decisions which is about keeping resources and this object reflects on assymetric cost behavior.

For the past four decades we have witnessed accounting as the mastermind behindnearly all business decisions – national and international. In fact, accounting is a business where most of time is spent in face-to-face communications exploring business strategies. In recent years, accounting education has been under attack and pressure to change its current educational methods. The Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) has been a leader in calling for a change. They, and others in the accounting profession, have issued statements addressing the structure and objectives of accounting principles courses. These statements have stressed the need for innovative educational approaches and the importance of incorporating active learning into accounting principles courses. In addition, AECC called to increase the acceptance of international accounting standards and use of computer in accounting education as well as shifting accounting education lecturers’ focus from what they teach to what the students learn. This may prepare students to become lifelong learners and keep them aware of the latest developments and enable them to adopt these developments. This paper aims to uncover suitable criteria for the design and improvement of accounting program and curriculum. More specifically, the goal is to investigate the perilous future of accounting education and discover issues that needed to be addressed to improve the learning style and accounting practice.Here, in this article, the historical trend of transformation with accounting discipline is being explored. Also potential obstacle in between accounting researches and professional requirments in practice will be explained.

The main objective of this study it to test the relation between stock return and idiosyncratic volatility in the three aforesaid models and compare the explanatory power of stock return by idiosyncratic volatility in each of these models. The sample used in this study obtained through screening method includes 118 companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2017 and Panel Data method is used to tests hypotheses. The results of hypotheses testing indicate that there is significant relation between stock return and idiosyncratic volatility in the three models investigated under this study and the explanatory power of stock return by idiosyncratic volatility in Carhart four-factor model is higher compared to other two models.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the activities related to the management of earnings by analyzing the quality of the audit at the time of Initial public offering. In this regard, the relationship between profit management in the Initial public offering of companies audited by first-class audit firms in the ranking of the Iranian public accountant’s community and other companies is compared.The statistical population of this study is the initial supply companies in stock and overseas which have been accepted in the stock exchanges and overseas from 2005 to 2017.Evidence suggests that the shares of companies first disclosed and audited by first-level audit firms have a lower level of Accrual and real of Earnings management.

Purpose of the article is  examining internal audit position and its performance process in Iran’s bank system. In this study is   defined seven hypothesises that to analyze the data was used descriptive and inferential statistics and using t-test at a confidence level of 0.95 and at the first data collected  by  library method and field studies (using questionnaires and interviews)  on 2015,September. Statistical group includes either governmental or private banks which five of them (out of governmental banks:Melli bank. Out of privates bank:Ansar,Shahr,Sina,Karafarin Banks) are choosen randomly and achieved result stating the first and seventh thesis are been assented in the whole of considerated banks But the second and sixth hypothesizes in Ansar, Shahr, Sina and Karafarin Banks, third hypothesis supporters in  Ansar,Shahr and Sina Banks and fourth hypothesis in Ansar, shahr and Karafarin Banks, fifth hypothesis  in Ansar and Shahr Banks are accepted.

The core value of the profit depends on the disclosure of information not disclosed by other sources, and the information content of its profit and value depends only on the amount of information that the market provides. It's time to expose, delay, and hurry in revealing good and bad news that investors and creditors are responding to. For this purpose, in this research, we have tried to test assumptions based on four different modes of earnings expectations, each of which has different news stories. To do this, the data of 255 Tehran Stock Exchange companies using the combined data regression model for the years 2009 to 1396 were analyzed. The results show that it is possible to predict earnings and unusual stock returns by examining the path of expectations generated by corporate profits. But information content can’t be modeled on seasonal benefits. We can’t model the behavior of creditors when there is continuity of good news and lack of good news, but when we continue to hear bad news and not keep up with bad news, we can model the behavior of creditors using credit risk.