Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Summer 2014

Improving cleaning and disinfection performance must be taken into account for prevention and control of infection. Health care settings are engaged in a battle against healthcare associated infection (HAIs). The importance of infection prevention and control is increasing due to rapidly developing strains of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) that can result in serious illness and even death in workers and patients. There are many cleaning and disinfectant protocols used in health care centers and hospitals. Conventional cleaning and disinfecting methods are not completely effective. On the other hand, some of these products are known or suspected to be associated with eye, skin irradiation, respiratory disorders and allergies. Concerns about adverse human health effects of conventional cleaning and disinfecting products have led to the development of new methods to achieve better results and less adverse effects. Some of these procedures may reduce human health effect as well as reduce costs.

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of instructing hardiness components on anxiety level of National Olympic Committee personnel.

The study was a semi-experimental research. The statistical population included all the personnel of the National Olympic Committee of Islamic Republic of Iran employed in 2013-2014 who contained 117 individuals. Simple random sampling method was used to recruit 25 participants (15 males and 10 females) for the study. The research tools used in the study were hardiness and Ketel's anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using independent t-test and multivariate regression.

Findings showed that the mean of anxiety changed before and after instructing hardiness components because all the meaningful values were less than 0.05 of significance level. In a word, instructing hardiness component influenced anxiety.

Results of this research indicated that hardiness predicts the changes related to the hardiness problems to a large extent. Therefore, it explains the negative relation of hardiness with anxiety. It means that this technique reduces anxiety and increases the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization as much as individuals learn the technique to oppose the stress by instructing hardiness. These results represent the important role of instructing hardiness to decline work anxiety.

Anabolic – androgenic steroids (AAS) are used at high doses by athletes for improving athletic ability, muscle mass and physical appearance. Unfortunately, the abuse of these agents has been significantly increased. It has been established that exercise and high doses of AAS may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which can in turn affect testicular apoptosis and male fertility. However, the effect of the combination of exercise and high doses of AAS on testicular apoptosis is not known .This study investigated combined effects of exercise and high doses of nandrolone decanoate (an AAS) on the sperm quality, male sex organs weight and spermatogenenic apoptosis.

For the study 30 rats were randomly divided into three different groups (10 animals in each group). Group A, control (Cont), without any injection group B, (sham) rats received solvent of nandrolone decanoate (peanut oil) and in group C, nandrolone decanoate was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg per week for eight weeks.

Body weight changes were shown to be different significantly between control and experiment groups (P<0.0001). Prostates and seminal vesicles weight were significantly different between control and experiment groups (respectively, P<0.05 and P<0.001). Related right and left testes weight was significantly decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group (respectively, P<0.01 and P<0.05). Sperm quality markers were significantly different between control and experiment groups (P<0.0001). The number of normal germ cells in experiment group was decreased in compared with control group.

This study concluded that nandrolone decanoate could decrease infertility rate in male system.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common cause of mental retardation in the world. The presence of hypothyroidism in fetal is lead to abnormalities in major organs, including nervous system and central skeleton. Aim of this study was to investigate epidemiologic situation of neonatal hypothyroidism in Ilam province between 2005 -2011.

This was a cross-sectional retrospective study. The number of 27258 infants was born in Ilam province from 2005 till 2011. Among these infants who were enterned to screening program of congenital hypothyroidism, about 162 cases were identified as congenital hypothyroidism patients. The data were analyzed through SPSS software.

From identified patients, 95 infants (58.9%) were male. Incidence rate was 5 in 1000 live birth. There was a significant correlation between birth weight and T4 level (P = 0.02). The analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between gender of neonate and TSH level (P = 0.009).

Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Ilam province compare to other parts of country was high. Due to the importance of hypothyroidism in mental retardation, encouraging of parents to attend screening test seems to be necessary.

Internet addiction is a global problem that caused negative effects on health. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction in Iranian high school students in 2014.

In a cross – sectional study assessed the prevalence of Internet addiction among 381 high school students in Ilam, in 2014. The samples were selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Data was collected by a two-part questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire was included the personal characteristics. Second part of the questionnaire was Internet Addiction Test (ITA) -20. SPSS software Package 16 was used to analyze the data.

Overall 75 (19.7%) students put into the Internet addiction group. Mild and moderate Internet addiction reported in 18.1% and 1.6% of all participants, respectively. There were any cases of sever Internet addiction. The mean Internet used to be 2.12 ± 2.32 and 3.57 ± 2.7 hours in non-Internet addiction and internet addiction groups, respectively (P < 0.000). The mean Internet access was 8.11 ± 6.7 and 8.2 ± 5.75 hours in non-Internet addiction and internet addiction groups, respectively.

Internet addiction is a serious issue in teenagers. High school students possess a high danger for internet addiction. Therefore, education about the proper use of the Internet is necessary for high school students.

Anxiety is a generalized and extremely unpleasant feeling of vague dread of unknown origin which is accompanied by physical feelings like exhaustion, chest tightness, palpitations, sweating, headache, sudden desire to urinate, restlessness, and a desire to move. Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorders which lead to problems in many aspects of individual, family, and social life. According to some studies, one out of every four people experiences a type of an anxiety disorder in lifetime. Medicinal plants play an important role in treating the disease and they cause milder symptoms in comparison with chemical drugs. Hence in this research, the anxiolytic effect of the extract of winter cherry (Withania somnifera) was compared with the effect of diazepam which is a chemical drug.

After extraction of essence from the roots of the plant, the collected root extract was injected intraperitoneally with doses of 150, 100, 75, 50, and 25،mg/kg. Diazepam was injected with a dose of 1 mg/kg and the same volume of saline was also injected 30 min before assessing anxiolytic effects. Plus-maze apparatus was used to study animal behavior.

The largest and the smallest amount of OAT were attributed to doses of150 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The best dose of root extract was 75 mg / kg,becausehigher amounts of the root extract did not result in a significant difference.

Winter cherry root extract reduces anxiety, and a dose of 75 mg/kg generated an effect similar to that of diazepam. However, it reduced locomotor activity.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are most important work-related injuries and debilities in developed and developing industrial countries. In the recent years, the rate of injuries and MSDs in car montage industries compared with other industries was so more. Therefore, the purpose of present study was focused on ergonomic assessment of sina car montage industry employees’ working positions in Hamedan.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2013. 120 workers with 60 occupational duties from different sections were selected as samples and REBA Technique (high consistency and allow ability) was carried out to assess musculoskeletal loads on workers due to their postures, repetition, and force. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) was also used to obtain prevalence of entire body disorders. Finally, data was analyzed by use of statistical tests.

During last year, most suffering from MSDs in studied persons was related to waistline region (34.4%) that was followed by neck and wrist (each of them 31.2%). No tasks were placed in action level of 0 and few cases were in action level of one. Thereby, further actions, ergonomic designing solutions, and multiple preventions are necessary. Other findings are indicated that A limbs compared with B limbs are in higher risk levels, ergonomically and thus incidence of sufferings is greater in these limbs.

The result of present study will point out a need to develop and apply a program by using of ergonomic concepts in order to prevent from MSDs in different car montage industries in the country. Also, it induces the need for improvement procelures for omission of improper postures in studied industry.

Prolonged labor can lead to maternal and neonatal complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pethidine on the duration of active labor in nulli-parous women.

In a randomized clinical 90 nulliparous women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group received 50 mg Pethidine IM and the second group received an equal volume Normal Saline IV as Placebo throughout active labor.

Affecting variables on labor outcomes were similar in two groups. The differences in the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor were significant between groups (230.62 ± 31.19 min in the Pethidine group Vs 247.73 ± 37.94 min in Normal Saline group P=0.038). Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were similar in two groups P=0.203).

This study showed that Pethidine is an effective agent in the labor duration and significantly decreased the duration of active phase of labor in nulli-parous women.