نشریه ارزیابی تاثیرات اجتماعی
پیاپی 2 (اردیبهشت 1399)

Coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic has drastically challenged the world that many, including the UN Secretary-General, see it far greater and more influential than World War II. This disease has already had numerous political, economic and socio-cultural impacts and is anticipated to create a fifth wave in the world called the post-Coronavirus era, which will alter international, national, and local trends and relations. Therefore, it was necessary to address the causes and Impacts of this virus, which is considered in this paper. This study was basic/theoretical in terms of application and based on logical/rational reasoning, and documentary in terms of implementation and based on theoretical foundations. The findings and conclusion of this article suggest that the spread of this disease has been the result of humanity’s inappropriate interactions with nature, which has expanded due to modernity, especially in the field of transportation in the world. It is also concluded that it is unlikely or even impossible that this virus is man-made. The virus is likely to cause fundamental changes globally, nationally, and locally in a variety of areas, and is likely to lead to a paradigm shift in which the scientific paradigm will be a point of reference.

When a macro-level problem directly or indirectly affects the majority of people in a society, behaviors and attitudes would probably reflect the public attitude of society. In such conditions, researchers can provide policy makers with suggestions by identifying and studying collective attitudes and behaviors in different areas. Coronavirus epidemic created a social construct that can influence policy-making process in various fields. The aim of this paper is to study the social construct of coronavirus epidemic in Iran and the policies against it, among Internet users, in a period of 50 days (from the beginning of March to April 10, 2020). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data in this qualitative research. The results of the study are presented in three main categorie s (i.e., “context for intensification of epidemic”, “interaction between the state and the citizens in the face of epidemic” and “strategies for disease containment”) and various subcategories and concepts. The results of this study shows a relatively critical attitude among users towards the performance of the state and the people in the fight against corona. Among all solutions, following the hygiene tips and heeding intra/intercity transport restrictions seemed more important to internet users. This study demonstrates the need to use people’s capacities to contain corona epidemic.

Coronavirus is a phenomenon that has made the world face a crisis due to its rapid spread and uncontrollable nature. Although the nature of this crisis appears to be merely medical and related to the healthcare system, it is a multidimensional phenomenon associated with various economic, social, cultural and political effects and impacts. Lifestyle is one of the areas affected by the social impacts of this crisis. This article aimed to assess the impacts of Coronavirus crisis on lifestyle with an emphasis on cultural consumption patterns. This article is a documentary research in terms of methodology based on the reviews of the findings of immediate studies conducted after the outbreak of the virus in Iran. The findings of this study reveal that Coronavirus crisis and quarantine conditions have had several positive and negative impacts on Iranian families’ cultural consumption pattern. Coronavirus crisis and its aftermath have greatly strengthened the multimedia consumption patterns. The pattern of document consumption patterns has changed positively, although this pattern has not been as significant as expected. In the field of cultural activities, outdoor activities based on relationships have been severely restricted and on the contrary interactions with family members have been considered as an opportunity. However, this opportunity has also posed serious threats. Online consumption patterns with the emergence of many capabilities, has found a special position in the cultural consumer basket, moreover this pattern has the potential to fill the vacuum in other patterns. Because of containing experimental-based teachings, these findings will be efficient if the Coronavirus crisis and social distancing continue.

This article aims to identify some of the most important social impacts of the coronavirus outbreak in Iran. The main question revolves around changes that implementation of the social distancing policy  ̶ which has led to the suspension of most of the social interactions in society ̶  has brought about in the social system, as well as impacts of these changes. In terms of methodology this research uses the researcher’s observations, documentary research and two expert panels held at the University of Tehran. Results of this study show that the crisis has had the greatest impact on areas such as the family and education, work relations and some social groups such as women, children, small business owners and immigrants. Solutions such as the necessity to adopt a social cohesion approach in parallel with the social distance policy are suggested at the end of the article.

This “Detailed and Illustrated” article is a sociological narrative of the reflections of the “Coronized World” on religious lifeworlds “from Qom to Rome” since the beginning of 2020. Theoretical and analytical basis of this narrative are derived from the perspective of “Sociology of Religion and Anthropology of Religion” and its sources of data are based on national and global media and cultural multilingual (i.e. English, Arabic, Persian) reports.
In this narrative, an attempt is made to describe and interpret what happened in the “Lifeworlds of Abrahamic Religions” (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) and the “Lifeworlds of Asian religions” (Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism) and the probable social challenges that are likely to arise in these lifeworlds from the perspective of sociology of religion and anthropology of religion. Religious biographies should be described and interpreted from the perspective of the sociology of religion and the anthropology of religion. Moreover the illustrations themselves, as social narrators, speak to the audience on recently occurred events in a coronized world and religious lifeworlds from Qom to Rome.
This detailed illustrated article, as a lived experience, is probably a good start for fellow sociologists and anthropologists of religion in Iran to put this genre of combined narrative (sociology and anthropology of religion and religion digital journalism) to test in order to describe, interpret and explain social events related to the religious lifeworld at four levels (i.e. local, national, regional, and global) and also at inter-religious level.

From a medical and local issue, the Corona crisis quickly turned into a social, political, economic, and cultural, and in a sense, the most global issue in humanity. One of the most controversial areas today which has provoked various debates is the impacts of the spread of Covid-19 on religion and religious people. This study uses related analyses that have been documented to examine the challenges that have been created in the field of religion and religiosity due to the outbreak of Coronavirus. The cancelling of religious rites and rituals and closure of the places of worship is considered to be the most controversial impact of Coronavirus breakout on religious life of religious people. Suspension of religious rites has led to two hypotheses: one is rising of a great crisis in the religious life of Iranians; the other one is returning of faith and the strengthening of religiosity. Although the results of some polls suggest that religion is important to religious people during the Coronavirus era, evaluating the impacts of Coronavirus on Iranians’ religious status should be left to future national surveys.

Coronavirus crisis primarily seemed as just a threat to public health, but it has gradually turned into a threat to global economy. While exact specification of economic damage caused by this epidemic is not possible, there is a consensus among economists that the epidemic will have a severe negative impact on the global economy.
OECD has warned that some of the world’s major economies will face recession in the coming months, and the economic damage of COVID-19 will take years to repair. According to some economists, this will be more severe than 2008 global crisis, and even if there won’t be a global recession, some of the leading economies will either have zero or negative growth. Thus not only growth rates are going to be low, but also it will be a time-consuming process to improve economic growth in the future.
This article aimed to overview of the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on the global economy, especially the world’s major economies and countries most affected by the crisis, and to review some general probable scenarios for development and also the way this epidemic will affect global society and economy.
The next step was examining the effects of the epidemic on important sectors of the global economy, such as financial markets, labor market, energy market and the tourism industry based on published statistics and data from world-renowned sources on the current state of the epidemic. In the final step, in order to identify the different economic solutions for managing the effects of this crisis, we briefly reviewed the economic policies of different countries facing the COVID-19 epidemic.

Understanding the Impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on the economy of Iran, especially on GNP and growth, is crucial to providing solutions. In this paper, analytical method is used to identify the problem by scenario writing.
So, GNP and economic growth in 1399 SH, considering the impacts of Covid-19, other things being equal, were estimated in four different scenarios. The results show that production in the best case scenario, will have a growth rate of -4.17%. In the worst case scenario, growth can be reduced to -17.5%. In the two intermediate scenarios, growth rates are estimated -5.7% and -15.28% for economy of Iran. Based on the presented scenarios, two factors of government policy-making and public health are pivotal. So it is sugested that: the government should be technically considerate and careful in policy-making process, especially in compensating for the damage caused to economic structures and it should try to increase social capital in order to increase the degree of public conformity aligned with health and hygiene instructions and also performance of the economy in the country.

After a few weeks of Coronavirus disease emergence, lives and health of millions of people have been threatened. This pandemic has not only led a high number of deaths from viral infections, but has also caused a psychological catastrophe all over the world. Uncertainty and unpredictability of the spread of infectious disease have a high potential for fear of the disease transmission and often lead to many psychological issues. Over the course of last months, the virus has been the subject of numerous psychological studies and its impacts have been studied in various ways. The present paper examines the psychological impacts of Coronavirus pandemic in five areas: mental health of society, mental health of children, mental health of healthcare workers, feeling of collective grief, unresolved grief response and family conflicts. In terms of method, the present article is a review conducted in 1399 SH by reviewing research and studies conducted since the outbreak of Covid-19. SID, Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed have been used in order to search for related articles from indexed journals. The views of scientists and psychologists’ specialized in this field are also considered and all the impacts that have been raised so far for the spread of the coronavirus have been examined. In the end, these impacts are summarized and the solutions to deal with and prevent these impacts will be proposed.

Cities function as complex and chaotic systems that seek to achieve a new order through tending to entropy. In this interactional context, urban space is expected to be reproduced in a relatively different way, and in this process, the relations between the centers of activity, habitation and space have evolved and establish a new pattern and behavior that can reproduce its own new space. The aim of this study is to discover the probable impacts of Coronavirus crisis on urban and regional space and on synergy of this interplay by the pattern of human relations and behavior in space. For this purpose, after reviewing historical documents and sources and observations resulting from lived experience, in an interview with a group of experts and specialists in this field, 50 of them were selected to conduct an online survey. The resulted average and the coefficient of variation of this opinion-poll showed that for all variables, the average was higher than 5, and therefore experts believe in a change in the future. However, the coefficient of variation indicates that among all variables there’s a more consistent consensus on objectified changes in status quo. Therefore, besides developing immediate actions for some cases, long-term scenarios should be developed for other cases.

In the face of crises such as the outbreak of Coronavirus disease and other events such as floods and earthquakes, one of the missing components in the urban management system is neighborhood-scale social support centers - social and participatory mechanisms for identifying the capacities and deficiencies of small local communities before crises, directing and leading interventions during crises, and assisting and helping recover after crises. Since such structures would not be possible without the support of government and urban management systems, investigating psychological and social impacts of crises such as the Coronavirus outbreak in cities like Tehran, both in terms of the tools and capabilities to contain the spread and the impacts on the relationship between citizens and the systems of governance and urban management, suggest the importance of focused and consistent social protection policies and programs on a local scale.
Therefore, in this article, we try to revise the impacts of the spread of coronavirus as an urban crisis on the dialectical structures of the city and the citizen, the right to the city and emphasis on the need of social support programs at the local level in order to control and contain future urban and social crises as a local strategy for a global crisis.