فصلنامه جامعه پژوهی فرهنگی
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study is to investigate "the status of human knowledge and interests" in sociology books at the senior level of Iranian high school. To this end, we use qualitative method and critical approach to analyzing the contents of textbooks. In this research, the review is done in two ways: first internal criticism and second external textual criticism. External textual criticism is based on the models that theoretical framework gives us which includes experimental-theoretical model, interactional-hermeneutic model, and critical-emancipation model. With this adaptation, we want to com to an understanding that how human interests and its relative knowledge are introduced in these books. Internal criticism is based on text data analysis. In conclusion, we find out that there is a new approach and interest in textbooks that on which, attempt is made to evaluate sociology. This kind of interest involves none of interests proposed in Habermas  models. It con be called "localization of sociology". This new interest has its own special components. Its elements are1) some principles of western sociology in social science 2) elements of Islamic mysticism, philosophy, and theology and 3) elements of national identity nationalism.

The new social movements (NSMs) are important phenomena that have been studying within the different fields of social sciences. Criticizing the established order and modernity's identity issues are some main features of NSMs. They create deep links between economic and cultural matters. From this viewpoint, NSMs are important subjects of researches drawing from critical theory. This article deals with the roots and roles of NSMs from the perspective of critical theory. It argues that NSMs are outcomes of persistent dominance relations under modernity and capitalism, while trying to eliminate the new mechanisms of exploitation and oppression.

Non governmental organizations (NGOs) as an important part of today world, have impressive role all over the world and also in Iran. Main question of research is that “what are challenges of social problems intervention to help vulnerable groups in supporting non governmental organizations?” Perspective of research is social constructionism which defines social problem as a solvable issue. Main method of research is grounded theory qualitative method with observation and semi-structured profound interview technics for data gathering; 23 interview with NGOs members and observation of 34 social problems oriented NGOs in Tehran province. Based on analytical findings, most fundamental challenge for NGOs intervention to improve vulnerable groups situation is “micro level and individual activities”. What leads to the emergence of such a challenge is, first, the weakness of NGOs in the rooting of social problems. The process of empowerment vulnerable groups in supporting NGOs is often short-term, cross-sectional and one-dimensional, and is not well-used local and native communities participatin. Factors such as longevity, size, geographical scope, field of activity and thematic scope of NGOs, affect their main challenge in intervention. Also, their actions do not eliminate the stereotype of the public about vulnerable groups as guilty and weak persons, and do not make a good event in improving social problems. finally, the result of NGOs activities in this area is not conducive to the social reintegration of vulnerable groups into the society and does not prevent their isolation and ejection.

Contact sex as one of human needs, over the centuries with differently shaped patterns.The aim of this study was to explore the underlying factors and reasons prostitutes.The methodology used to achieve this goal was the Grounded Theory. Twenty-two women who referred to the .D.I.C. House of Tehran Sun. participated in this research. They were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were analyzed using deep interviewing method and analyzed using triple coding techniques. . In general, in the process of data analysis, more than 6 concepts, which are: Experience sexual harassment, Family disruption, Economic need, addiction, inherent failure, revenge and 3 categories: family factors, social backgrounds and psychological factors.

In recent decades, we have witnessed widespread entry of women into the university, into the social arena and their increased demand for entry into the labor market. Since occupation is considered as one of the central categories in the new world and one of the social determinants affecting overall health and women's health in different aspects has the health of the family and ultimately the health of the community, this has led us to To investigate the impact of income on women's general health as the main objective of the study. The statistical population of the study is women (employed) of Zanjan University. For this purpose, 100 female staff of Zanjan University, Weir and Sherborne General Health Questionnaires. In the form of demographic information. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression tests and also the data were analyzed by SPSS software. The information has been used in two ways (library and field) and has been accepted over the period 1976-97. The results show that the income variable has a significant relationship with the general health of women. Using multiple regression, the results show that mental health has a unique and significant role in explaining the increase in earnings of female employees of Zanjan University. Also, physical health cannot explain employee earnings.

In this article, the author has focused upon the question on “Background Assumption” in the context of social sciences. The author is of the opinion that this problematique has been deeply neglected in social sciences and humanities but it is high time to trickle this question. In other words, it is argued that the relation between science and ideology is one of the most complicated cultural relation in the broadest sense of the term “cultural” – and in order to the fathom the problematique in a deeper sense, we need to recast the question of relationship in a different fashion. Of course, it is argued that we need to transcend the dichotomies in a way that it would not hurt our sociological imagination and for this reason, the logic of Geffrey C. Alexander is of great importance and we have tried to conceptualize the problematique in an Alexander fashion.