فصلنامه مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار
پیاپی 31 (بهار 1399)

Green schools are a new type of school, in which the use of renewable energy is less than that of conventional schools. In this regard, nowadays, adding green layers to the roof of schools, in addition to increasing the Students' communication with nature, energy saving has improved in these spaces. However, to improve energy saving yield, the priority of these types of roofs in different climates must be identified by scientific investigations. So, the present research has studied two- extensive and modular hydroponic green roofs as common types of green roofs in green schools. For archiving to aims of this research, it has made use of the two methods of numerical computation and simulation method with the help of Energy Plus software8 as a credible software in the field of energy analysis in the buildings. The steps of this investigation have been as follows: In the first step, the heat resistance of two modular and extensive hydroponic green roof have been extracted by numerical calculations.  And In the second step, two green roofs have been simulated for a green school in Shahrekord as one of the oldest cities in Iran. In the following, the results of thermal resistance of the two samples of hydroponic green roofs which are resulted from numerical calculations and also the indoor temperature which is extracted from the simulated schools in the coldest and hottest months of the year have been compared separately in each step. Generally, results of extracted from findings have shown that. the extensive Hydroponic green roof has better thermal resistance in comparison with modular hydroponic green roofs, and also simulations by energy plus software have represented that, the temperature of the space under extensive Hydroponic green roof is closer to the comfort conditions in the cold seasons.

Proper training can put design learners in the right direction. It also enhances the power of drawing. Objective of this study was the effectiveness of architectural studio-based learning on increasing drawing power and metacognition abilities of students. This research seeks to answer these questions: Can architectural studio-based learning increase student design ability? Can architectural studio-based learning increase metacognition abilities? The method of this research was a quasi- experimental design with pre-test, post-test based on action research. The population was all students from Azad Islamic University of Hamedan in Architecture Studio course. To do research was used from metacognition test in four dimensions: Awareness, Cognitive Strategy, Planning and Check yourself and from Drawing test. The students randomly (15 person in each group) assigned to the experimental group and control group. Used experimental methods After Group of Eight meeting them and also used from Kolmogorov- Smirnoff test and Leven test for presumption calculation and for Hypothesis analysis from MANOVA. Results showed that architectural studio-based learning have been effective in increasing designing power and there are significant differences between the two groups. Also Results of this research indicated the importance of architectural studio-based learning on metacognition abilities in four dimensions: Awareness, Cognitive Strategy, Planning and self-evaluation. In addition, Architectural training based on studios can increase power of drawing in Architecture students and also can help to these students in presentation designing and drawing. Although most of the learning problems is reason of cognition disabilities in students. architectural studio-based learning is one of the cognition strategies that can influence on cognition ability and analytical; and lead to academic achievement.

Vandalism is one of the problems of cities today in urban public spaces. Vandalism tendencies are shaped by intrinsic and personality factors. And how the location of the location affects the likelihood of vandalism. Among the landmarks, land use is one of the factors affecting the occurrence of degradation. The role of land use index has been examined under the criterion of land use compatibility, land use desirability, land use capacity, land use dependency and activity intensity in public urban spaces. The research is a qualification- analytic one that examines the proportion of variables by correlation method. The variables are selected based on library studies and prior research. Data were collected through field observations and in-person observations and questionnaires. Case studies are two municipalities of Hamadan. The questionnaires were distributed among 387 residents and clients of the two municipalities of Hamadan, and field observations and face - to - face surveys collected from 283 codes in the urban public spaces of the study sample were statistically analyzed. The results indicate that sub-criterion of land use compatibility has the highest average rank and effectiveness, and after that index of activity intensity, land use desirability, land use dependency, and land use capacity respectively are important. It is expected that more attention will be paid to these factors in urban planning and design to control and mitigate destructive tendencies and the likelihood of this occurrence in urban public spaces.

"Design Idea" is very important in architectural education and a lot of research has been done in this field. In the ateliers, students are advised to look at and review a few examples of design-related issues before starting architectural design. The case of student sketching is a visual stimulus. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the quality of visual stimuli provided to students and their feedback on their ideas and enhance their creativity. Based on this, we first provide some insights into the design process and how mental imagery is used by the mind to interfere with images and then examine the role of visual stimuli on student sketches. The statistical population, which includes students of the Architecture Design course of the 2 Islamic Azad University of Ilam Branch, received their Skyscraper in three groups. The first with no visual stimulus, the second with visual stimulus and the third with more rich visual stimuli. The results showed that students who received more enriched visual stimuli had higher creativity and better results in their work. Their drawbacks were also less frequent. The research method was quantitative and fundamental research and data gathering tool was direct observation and the results were evaluated by SPSS software and its reliability and validity were measured.

Skylights or light wells are an integral part of the design of low- and high-depth buildings. The design of these skylights in different areas is based on specific criteria. According to Hamedan's criteria, only the dimensions of these skylights and the ratio of skylight area to height of the skylight are enough to design skylights. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of skylights designed according to the existing regulations in Hamadan city and to estimate the optimum skylight dimensions to achieve the required space illumination and thus reduce the electrical energy consumption for illumination. To achieve this goal, studies were first conducted on daylight, solar energy, climate characteristics of the area, and standards on lighting. Then three buildings were selected as samples and in four seasons of the year, the illumination received in the spaces overlooking the skylight was harvested by a lux meter. Based on the studies, the amount of illumination was analyzed. Next, using simulator software, the dimming dimensions, modeled to achieve standard illumination, were modified. Finally, by changing the height parameter, the optimum dimensions of the skylight for one- to nine-story buildings were determined by the software. The results of this study showed that the existing criteria in Hamadan were not efficient and the light received by this system was not sufficiently implemented and new dimensions were introduced in this study.

Due to the increasing population growth, the lack of uncontrolled land in cities, the pattern of housing production in cities has gradually changed and has expanded into residential complexes to respond to housing demand, which has The social interaction of residents has been diminishing. The public space of a high-rise residential complex, if designed appropriately for residents' gatherings, can be transformed into areas for interaction and exchange, providing physiological and psychological comfort, enhancing the sense of belonging, creating security, vitality, and so on. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the quality of the public space of the complex and finally to provide solutions to make the public space more desirable that could meet the needs of people of different age groups with the measures mentioned in the research. And enhance residents' social interactions. The research method was combined. In doing this research, we first collected the research background on public spaces of residential complexes and social interactions in it. According to the extracted variables from the research background, the hypotheses were written. For the independent and dependent variables of the research, criteria, and sub-criteria were identified through reference to the articles and references. Then, each sub-criterion was asked on the criterion for measuring the hypotheses and social interactions. The sample size was 398 persons. Since the design was done in Lahijan city of Gilan province, the questionnaires were distributed in Lahijan city as well as analysis of residential and site complex space through SPACE SYNTAX software and DEPTH MAP software. The results showed that the parameters (diversity, readability, physical framework, environmental capability, safety, facilities) in the area of ​​acceptance of the research hypothesis had a positive and significant effect on the promotion of social interactions of Lahijan residents, and safety criterion had the most impact on promoting Lahijan residents' social interactions. And others (physical and hierarchical elements) were estimated in the rejection area of ​​the research hypothesis. The priority order of the hypotheses is as follows: 1) Safety 2) Physical framework 3) Facilities 4) Environmental capability 5) Variety 6) Legibility. And according to the data, design solutions were expressed. Based on the analysis and analysis using the space syntax method and UCL DEPTH MAP software, we found that this urban space had good accessibility, security, and readability, and since being readable, it was necessary to have security and accessibility. More than met the criteria needed for social interaction, we concluded that the site was properly positioned to design a residential complex with an increased interaction approach As well as analyzing residential complex plans, we found that access planning, visual interconnection, depth of space and connections between components were well observed in the complex plans and public space and overall this residential complex was able to The help of their public spaces provided a convenient place for social interaction.

This article aims to investigate the role of social and institutional factors on agricultural entrepreneurship development in Fasa city. The statistical population of the study is all those who have started a new business in the agricultural sector of Fasa in the last 5 years. The theoretical framework of Robert Putnam's theories of research is Francis Fukuyama on social networks and Mark Granowert's weak link theory and Douglas North's theories. Agriculture) has been exploited. The sample size was 288 people were selected using Cochran formula by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. Social trust (0.15), Social bond (0.19), Social participation (0.11), Social support (0.19), Quality of laws and ownership (0.19), Political stability (0.20) and the quality of public services (64%) are effective in the development of agricultural entrepreneurship. The Pearson correlation test also confirmed the relationship between the above independent variables and the dependent variable of agricultural entrepreneurship development at 99% level. Changes in entrepreneurship are agricultural. Among the social variables the most influence belongs to the variable of social support and among the variables of the institutional environment, the variable of political stability has the most predictable of the variables of agricultural development variable.