مجله پیشرفت های حسابداری
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 77، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

The aim of this research is to determine interactive effect of the auditor's size on the relationship between political connections, financial crisis and agency costs. Auditors can affect the selection of accounting methods by management and undesirable effects of ownership separation of and management can be diluted by reducing information asymmetry between consumers and suppliers. Top executives and administrators are often considered powerful because they can benefit from a set of benefits. A strong increase in financial confidence can lead to the bankruptcy of a large financial or non - financial institution. It is directly related to mistrust of the government's future policies. The statistical sample of this research consists of 90 companies in the time period of 1388 to 1396. The inferential statistic is based on logit regression, in which the combined data analysis and integration is used. The results of the first hypothesis showed that audit quality has a significant negative effect on the financial crisis of companies. The results of the second hypothesis showed that the effect of mediating the audit quality on the relationship between political connections and agency costs has a significant negative effect. The results of the third hypothesis showed that the effect of the mediating effect of audit quality on the relationship between political connections and financial crisis has no significant effect.

Selecting effective criteria on prices and consequently on investor’s decision making is one of the most debating topics in portfolio optimization debate. Both of market and industry price changing and the information releasement by companies can affect stock prices. As a result, the goal of this study is surveying the role of market and industry price changing on stock prices and its effect on portfolio optimization. So we use stock price synchronicity. Stock price synchronicity measures the degree to which the market change can explain stock price movement. So by collecting price changing data from 130 sample companies during 10 years and with solving regression equations we computed stock price synchronicity. Then by collecting financial and nonfinancial data from the samples and analyzing these data and using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique we made several portfolio to compare them by sharp ratio. The result shows that stock price synchronicity is about 59% in the sample and it is in conformity with international surveys like Jin and Myers (2006). Also the result shows that if stock price synchronicity affection be considered in portfolio selection then portfolios will have better return. In this research we use data envelopment analysis to choose portfolios and use Fuzzy Delphi to choose effective criteria on stock price changing.

In this paper, we investigate the effects of financial statement comparability on the corporate cash holdings of Tehran Stock Exchange firms. Required data for the study were collected from the financial statements of 110 firms in the 1390-1395 years. To examine the hypothesis, we used multivariate regression with panel data. For calculation of comparability of the model variable, we referred to Di Franco et al. (2011). The results revealed that there is negative and significant relationship between financial statement comparability and corporate cash holding. In addition, among the moderating variables in this research, financial reporting quality has a moderating role in influencing the Financial statement comparability with cash holdings. The negative relationship between the ability to compare financial statements and remuneration through the theory of representation is justifiable. Representative theory states that opportunistic managers spend on investing in projects with a net negative net worth

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate political connections on the compensation policies of board of directors. The sample of this research includes 207 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the years 2008 to 2019. Also, multivariate regression models with Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method have been used to test the research hypothesis in a panel data set. The results showed that the political connections of the companies have a significant and negative effect on the level of pay of the board of directors, but have no significant effect on the performancepayment relationship of the board of directors. It was also found that corporate political connections significantly reduce the payment gap between the board of directors and employees.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate political connections on the compensation policies of board of directors. The sample of this research includes 207 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the years 2008 to 2019. Also, multivariate regression models with Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method have been used to test the research hypothesis in a panel data set. The results showed that the political connections of the companies have a significant and negative effect on the level of pay of the board of directors, but have no significant effect on the performancepayment relationship of the board of directors. It was also found that corporate political connections significantly reduce the payment gap between the board of directors and employees.

This study investigates the effect that control mechanisms could have on CEO power and firm value relationship. CEO power is measured using three criteria, namely CEO tenure, CEO duality and board independence. Control mechanics are both internal and external. To proxy for internal and external controls, corporate governance and market competition are used, respectively. The sample consists of 122 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2018. Findings indicate that market competition and corporate governance have a positive effect on CEO power and firm value relationship.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of financing constraints and environmental uncertainty in limiting the relationship between operational diversification and weak internal controls. For this purpose, data on 120 stock companies for the period 2007-2017 were extracted and logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis. According to the first hypothesis, product diversification has a significant relationship with weak internal controls. In addition, environmental uncertainty has a significant impact on the relationship between diversification and weak internal controls. Finally, financing constraints do not have a significant effect on the relationship between diversification and weak internal controls.

In examining the financial health of banks, selecting and defining indicators is one of the key steps. The purpose of this research is to create indicators for measuring the financial health of Iranian commercial banks in terms of banking and academic experts. To this end, 1000 questionnaires were collected during the year 2018 from the banking experts of all commercial banks of the country that have two concurrent conditions: a) having a bachelor's degree in accounting, banking, economics and management; b) Having a senior management experience of over 5 years in the bank, as well as academic experts. Of these, 715 items were collected at a return rate of 5.71%, of which 507questionnaires were available. The research method is descriptive-correlational. For data analysis and testing of hypothesis, R software and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The findings showed that from the perspective of banking and academic experts, capital adequacy, asset quality, profitability, liquidity, management quality, market risk sensitivity, Islamic banking, corporate governance, and facilities with technical and economic backing have effect on financial health Banks, and from which, liquidity index, market risk sensitivity and management quality have the most impact.

Fair value accounting for valuation of assets and liabilities has given managers the discretion.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of manager’s discretion allowed in fair value measurement on investment selling decisions. In order to test the research hypotheses, a questionnaire based on the scenario was used. This questionnaire is based on Green et al. (2015). The statistical population consists of all active financial analysts in investment companies and stock exchange brokers and the statistical sample of the study was determined using the sample size tables of Cohen et al. (2000) of 268 people. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data and test hypotheses. The results of this study showed that conservatism and its interaction with the fair value volatility have a significant effect on the investment selling decisions based on fair value, but the fair value volatility has no significant effect on these decisions. Overall, the results of the research showed that the directors' discretions in fair value accounting affects investment selling decisions.

The purpose of the present study is to develop a comprehensive optimal portfolio model using accounting information analysis, value-based information and balanced scorecard information. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2007-2017. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the formulation of dimensionality reduction, data envelopment analysis methods, backing vector machines, and clustering algorithms were used. The above model was implemented in four steps and in each step besides risk and return component, accounting criteria, value based criteria and financial criteria and then non-financial balanced scorecard were used as input step by step portfolio model. The findings of the research indicate that the criteria used in the research for optimizing the portfolio of stocks have informational content and the addition of each set of criteria leads to an increase in the efficiency of the portfolio. This information content of the balanced scorecard is even more impressive. Overall, the simultaneous application of hybrid optimization methods and comprehensive benchmarks extracted from financial reports resulted in a more optimized portfolio and higher risk-taking and Markovitz literature returns.

Reaching to the income information content is depend on the accuracy of each chain in the financial reporting chain including the requirement for doing independent audit, the determination and application of audit quality indicators, control, disclosure and presentation of strategies for remedies and reduction of internal control weaknesses. In this regard, the present research attempts to study the mediating role of internal control weaknesses on the relationship between indicators of companies’ income information content and audit quality. For this, the quality of information content of income and its criteria regarded as dependent variable, audit quality and its criteria regarded as independent variables and weaknesses of internal control and its criteria act as mediating variable. Research method is descriptive correlational. Research sample is includes 122 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 1386 to 1395. Research results showed that internal control weakness for financial reporting can play mediating role in the relation between audit quality and information content of income. However, internal control weakness for operation and rules do not such a role. These findings can improve the information content of companies’ income thorough the audit quality.

The more comparable of financial statements, the lower the information asymmetry and so capital market is more efficient, which results in the optimal allocation of resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Proprietary Costs of Competition on relationship between sales and cash flow Instability and Financial Statement Comparability in the companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To test research hypothesis, the data of 126 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2009-2017 and multivariate regression has been used. The results show that sales fluctuation has a significant negative effect on the Financial Statement Comparability, and this effect is aggravated by the involvement of the Proprietary Costs of Competition (R & D expenditures). However, the cash flow fluctuations and sales growth fluctuations and their interactive effect With Proprietary Costs of Competition (R & D expenditures) have no significant effect on Financial Statement Comparability.