نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال نهم شماره 2 (بهار 1399)

Vitamin D is an essential vitamin of body that helps to grow and strengthen the bones. In the present study, the Protective effect of vitamin D on function and testicular tissue in adult rat treated with thioacetamide was studied.

In this experimental study, 48 adult male Wistar rat weighing 180-200 g were divided into 6 groups of 8. Control group did not receive any solvent or extract. Sham group received daily 1ml of distilled water as solvent for 25 days by gavage method. Experimental group1(negative sham); once daily, 1000 IU/kg of vitamin D was taken as gavage for 25 days. Experimental group1(positive sham); once daily, 50 mg/kg of thioacetamide was taken as gavage for 25 days. Experimental group 3 and 4 received doses of 500 and 1000 IU/kg of vitamin D with 50 mg/kg of thioacetamide by gavage method, respectively. On the 25th day, the final weighing was done and after anesthesia, the rats received direct blood sampling from the heart to measure the hormone levels of LH, FSH and testosterone. The testicles were removed and after weighing and preparing microscopic sections, staining with hematoxylin-eosin and at the end of the histological examination of the testicle. Data were analyzed based SPSS program and ANOVA.

The results showed that the mean right and left testicle weight and number of sertoli cells in all experimental groups did not change significantly compared to the control group.The mean body weight in all experimental groups was significantly lower that the control group. The mean serum concentration of testosterone , FSH hormones , number of primary spermatocyte and spermatid cells in experimental groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than the control group. The mean serum concentration of LH hormone and number of leydig cells in experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 was significantly lower than the control group.The mean number of spermatogonia cells in the experimental group 2 showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). Experimental groups 3 and 4 have improved the damage of the structure of the seminiferous tubules and ther effects are dose dependent.

Possibly, vitamin D improves serum levels of testosterone, FSH, LH and spermatogenesis in adult rats treated with thioacetamide.

Mutation in SLC26A4 gene is one of reason of syndromic and non-syndomic hearing loss. Mutation in this gene is reported to be the second most common cause of deafness in the worldwide, after GJB2 gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate mutations in exon 10 of SLC26A4 gene in individuals with hearing loss in Guilan province.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 31 individuals with hearing loss from Guilan province. After DNA extraction, exon 10 of SLC26A4 gene was amplified by PCR method and underwent direct sequencing.

In this study, 22 women (71%) and 9 men (29%) with hearing loss were found and in five patients (16%) was detected mutation in exon 10 of SLC26A4 gene. Four patients had base substitution in codon 399 (c.1195T>C, p.S399P) as heterozygous. Also, in a patient was found a nucleotide deletion in codon 399 (c.1197delT, p.S399SfsX31) as homozygous.

It seems that mutation in SLC26A4 is one of the important reasons of deafness in hearing loss individual in Guilan province.

In this method, firstly, extracts of Fig tree leaves are taken with a simple laboratory method, and then the research begins on a very important drug in medical science. The effects of different variables such as pH, volume and type of buffer, volume of nanoparticles and time of stay were investigated. The results showed that optimal amounts of pH = 6, 1.5 mL citrate buffer, 0.15 mL optimum volume Nanoparticles and 120 seconds were determined as the time spent on the samples. At the end, silver nanoparticles were used to measure atorvastatin in real samples such as blood and urine, and satisfactory results were obtained.

Today, critical care visitation is considered an important aspect of patient-centered care and its positive effects on patients and their relatives have been demonstrated. However, restricted visiting hours in the ICUs is often an adopted norm. Limited studies in this area have been carried out in Iran, So comprehensive and accurate information about the current process does not provide. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the process of patient visiting in adult intensive care unit, So that all dimensions, characteristics, facilitators and barriers are identified and discussed the perceptions of all stakeholders to be done.

A qualitative methodology and grounded theory approach conducted this study. Semistructured interviews were done with 27 participants who include 9 intensive care nurses, 6 head nurses, 2 patients, 7 visitors, 2 physicians and 1 general nurse.  Data based on 2008 Corbin and Strauss version were analyzed in three levels of concepts, context and process. Memo writing as an analysis tool, helps the researcher to classify and categorize the concepts and also understanding the context and the phenomenon under investigation and ultimately helped provide the substantive theory.  

"maintaining the safe zone" was the core category of this study. “Culture” and “the nature of ICU” constituted the context and “patterns of maintaining control” explain the process of this phenomenon. Theory of” maintaining safe zone” is the substantive theory derived from this study which is represent the responses of nurses and their efforts to maintain control of the process of patient visiting which in the context of popular and organizational culture as well as the nature of the ICU takes the form.

The findings showed that although protection of the patient was identified as the major rational for restricted visiting stated by participating nurses ,trying to maintain control over the ward, and in particular the staff privacy was the central concept of visiting process. Results showed that the health care workers often are not sensitive to the real needs of patients and families. Lack of internalization of holistic approach and also lack of emphasis on patient and family- centered care cause the patterns which resulting in considerable time on patient's physical condition and effort to maintain the control of ICU.

 Strenuous exercise, particularly eccentric contractions can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic and silybum marianum supplements with incremental training on some serum indicators of muscle and liver damage in wrestlers.

Thirty wrestlers with selectivly and random were divided into 3 groups of 10 participants: "Exercise with garlic supplement, exercise with silybum marianum supplement, and placebo with training". Written consents were received from everyone. Garlic and silybum marianum supplements each day three times at 300 mg for four weeks. In the baseline, pre-test and post test 24h after practice, the vessel with the same training volume of the venous blood sample was taken. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzymes were measured using autoanalyzer and kit. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and ANOVA.

The levels of AST, CPK, and ALT in garlic and silybum marianum group was lower than placebo group and statistical results showed significant differences between groups. LDH levels in garlic group were significantly decreased compared to placebo and silybum marianum group. Garlic and silybum marianum supplementation significantly reduced LDH, AST, CPK, and ALT.

According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that long-term exercise can lead to decrease in serum markers of muscle and liver injury, but garlic and silybum marianum supplements can better counteract the enzymes produced in 24 hours after practice.

By studying the types of hormones, the role of genetic and hormonal and chemical agents in schizophrenia can be found. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Growth Hormone based on ELISA method on the Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients.

This study was a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest with control group. The study population consisted of all schizophrenic patients admitted to Bostan psychiatric hospital in Ahvaz. A sample of 60 patients was selected using the available method and divided into two experimental and control groups.

In this study, there was significant difference between the level of growth hormone in pre and post-treatment patients. Therefore, more studies are recommended on this hormone (P<0/001).

According to research findings, it can be concluded that changes in growth hormone in the treatment of schizophrenic patients have effect on their treatment.

An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 is a betacoronavirus which consisted of a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure that belongs to the Coronavirinae subfamily. With respect to the large number of infected people that were exposed to the alive animals (bats, snakes, pangolins) in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the onset of a origin of COVID-19. The extensive functions have been carried out to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. In this review, the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease have been presented.

Primidone is effective in the treatment of epilepsy. In this research, effect of primidone on liver- related biochemical factors in adult male rats was studied.

For this purpose, 40 adult male wistar rats, weighing approximately 180-200 g were divided into 5 groups of 8 animals. Groups: control group, Sham group and treatment at doses of 20 ,40 and 60 mg/kg, orally for 42 days (every other day) respectively. At the end of the experiment , liver weight were measured in all groups and then the blood sample was taken from heart and serum levels of albumin, total protein and total bilirubin were measured. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and tukey test statistical analysis.

the results show that liver weight in experimental groups had not a significant difference compared to control group. Serum level albumin and total protein in experimental groups had a significant decrease compared to control group. Serum level total bilirubin in experimental groups had a significant increase compared to control group (p≤0.05).

Primidone decrease serum levels of albumin and total protein and increase serum level of total bilirubin.

The need for medical emergencies is a shadow that accompanies humans and may occur for any individual under any circumstances. Emergency care services systems in different countries are completely different and very complex and dispersed, have false financial incentives, and waiting times are rising and are among the most important emergency challenges. In this regard, by identifying the pre-hospital and hospital emergency systems in the countries of the world and Iran, factors related to the integrated management of pre-hospital and hospital emergency wards are identified and solutions are provided to provide a model for management.

The present research is based on the nature, exploratory, descriptive and comparative, and from the perspective of classification, based on objective, review, applied and analytical. Developed countries in different parts of the world have been selected based on acceptable patterns of service delivery and availability of information. Based on the results of comparative studies, a conceptual model was designed. In the first stage, five components including policy making, emergency management, structure, financing, and control were identified to gain insight into the components of the integrated emergency management model. Finally, Friedman test and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. To validate the proposed conceptual model of the research, the method was to determine the validity of the content and through the judgment of several experts and experts in pre-hospital and hospital emergencies. In this research, quantitative, mean, standard deviation and domain variables were calculated and presented for qualitative variables, abundance and percentages.

In order to explore the exploratory factor and to evaluate the structural validity, the criteria were loaded in the relevant factors and the KMO values for each extractive factor were higher than 0.6. The percentage of variance expressed for extraction factors was calculated to be between 38.78 to 54.26. In addition, the results of the Bartlett test confirmed the adequacy of exploratory factor analysis for all extraction factors. Factor loads above 0.3 which were also observed in most items of this factor confirmed the maintenance of these items, but in some cases factor load factors were less than 0.3, which were eliminated by these candidates and after The study was deleted and, as expected, the existence of the five components derived from the variables of the study was confirmed. Meanwhile, the amount of results indicated that, firstly, the "amount of variables sharing" and "correlation of the variables with the relevant component" are adequately fitted, and second, there is a good correlation between each variable with the component.

In order to meet the expectations of patients in need of emergency care, we need to improve the emergency services and this requires reorganization of pre-hospital emergency services and promotion of emergency department inside the hospital by employing effective approaches to improving services in pre-hospital and hospital emergency rooms in Iran. Integrated management template.

Children’s intoxication is a major problem in healthcare systems and given its high prevalence, it has received significant attention. Attention to children and adolescents’ healthcare is a fundamental factor in improving health in the community. There has been no comprehensive study of prevalence and causes of intoxication in children in Alborz Province so far. Goal of this study is to identify the prevalence and causes of intoxication in children visiting Bahonar Hospital in one-year period 2014-2015.

In this cross sectional investigation, 309 children under age of 14 who were seen in Bahonar hospital with diagnosis of intoxication were studies. Data regarding their gender, age, cause of intoxication, and symptoms at presentation, length of stay, PICU admission, and parents’ level of education were gathered. In order to identify correlation between variables and “cause of intoxication” or “outcome”, we sued Chi Square or Fisher Exact test with minimum significance at P<0.05.

Of 309 children participating in this study, 54.4% were male and 45.6% were female. In 68% of case, the intoxication had happened accidentally. The most common intoxicating agents were medications with 48.5% and drugs of abuse with 23.9% prevalence. Other causes were detergents 8.7%, carbon mono-oxide 7.8%, alcohol 2.6%, burning agents 2.3%, hydrocarbons 1.3%, and insecticides 1% of intoxication in children of this province. 55% of patients needed admission to ICU. 88.1% of parents had education level below high school graduate.

Based on this data, prevalence of intoxication from medications and drug of abuse is relatively high in this province and is more common in families with low education level. Thus, providing adequate education to public and especially parents about intoxication and methods of prevention, and following safety measures in storing medication seem to be of priority in order to improve this population’s general health.

Echium amoenum have antibacterial, anti-anxiety, antinociceptive and anticonvulsant effects. This study was carried out to study the effect of Echium amoenum hydro-alcoholic extract on growth of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in kefir.

For this purpose, 13 treatments with different concentrations (Echium amoenum hydro-alcoholic extract with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) were produced separately or jointly. The treatments including: 1-sham: 110 g of kefir, 2, 3 and 4 treatments: respectively, kefir containing 3, 6 and 9 grams of hydro-alcoholic extract of Echium amoenum, treatments 5, 6, and 7: respectively, kefir containing 11 grams of hydro-alcoholic extract of Echium amoenum and 0.1 and 0.3 and 0.6 grams of lactobacillus acidophilus, treatments 8, 9, and 10: respectively, kefir containing 11 grams of hydro-alcoholic extract of Echium amoenum, and 0,1, 0,3 and 0,6 grams of bifidobacterium, bifidum, 11 treatment: kefir containing 11 grams of hydro-alcoholic extract of Echium amoenum and 0.05 grams of lactobacillus acidophilus and 0.05 grams of bifidobacterium bifidum, 12 treatment: Kefir containing 11 g of hydro-alcoholic extract of Echium amoenum and 0.15 g of lactobacillus acidophilus and 0.15 g of bifidobacterium bifidum, 13 treatment: Kefir containing 11 g of hydro-alcoholic extract of Echium amoenum and 0.3 g of lactobacillus acidophilus and 0.3 g of bifidobacterium bifidum.The specimens were then incubated at 30 ° C for 12 hours and then the products were placed in a refrigerator. After production of each of the above products, during the storage period of each of the samples on days 1, 7, 14, 21, they were tested for acidity and PH. Bacterial counting was done in two direct and cultures in the first and third weeks. The results were analyzed using SPSS software.

The highest acidity was at the time of production and maintenance of treatment 4. The highest PH at the time of storage was for treatment 6 and treatment 11. In the direct microbial count in the first week, the highest number of bacteria counted was related to treatment 6 and in the third week, the highest number of bacteria counted in the direct microbial count was related to treatment 13. Plate culture count in the first week has the highest number of treatments 4 and in the third week, the highest number of bacteria counted by Plate culture method is for treatment 2.

Echium amoenum extract caused the survival and even increased growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum bacteria.

IgG4 related disease is fibro-inflammatory condition characterized by infiltration and increased levels of G4 immunoglobulin, multi-organ involvement and periorbital swelling. It is more common among men especially in middle to old ages. The diagnosis should be confirmed with histopathology. The diagnostic three important features of disease are lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. Treatment is Commonly based on corticosteroids.