نشریه کارآگاه
پیاپی 49 (زمستان 1398)

The present research is intended to investigate the relationship between IT usage and emergence of creativity of crime detection officers.The research type is of applied studies and its method is of descriptive-correlative type. The target population includes CID crime detection officers of Western Azarbaijan Police Command in 1398 totalling 350 people using Morgan Sampling Table and 180 people as introducers of the target population. The sampling method in this research is in multi-stage cluster type. The most important measuring tool in this research is gathering required data and information of the questionnaire in which: 1) Abedi Creativity Standard and 2) IT research-made questionnaire are used.To analyze the data, the SPSS Software and Descriptive statistics methods and dispersion indexes and Pierson Correlation Test have been used, as well. The conducted research has a main question and four secondary questions. The findings of the research show that there is a meaningful relationship between IT usage and creativity of crime detection officers. The amount of this relationship is r= 0/. 6 based on Pierson Correlation Coefficient. In addition, this research indicates that there is a meaningful relationship between IT usage and any of the parameters of the creativity of crime detection officers. Therefore; this research concludes that by increasing Internet skill levels and computer-enabled capability levels, the rate of the creativity of crime detection officers of West Azarbaijan CID crime detection officers will increase, as well.

Organized Environmental Crimes with an Emphasis on France’s Law   Abstract Crimes against environment and insufficient attention to it have turned into one of the concerns of human societies in facing nature. Since mid-21 century, the issue of environment gained global attention and turned into a sustainable crisis of the international society, a crisis that has seriously threatened all the residents of the Earth, and while global warming is escalating today and climate change crisis has also gotten new dimensions, this crisis is going to force grand social changes, a crisis that has put vital resources of the Earth at risk. To combat this kind of crisis, it seems that improving criminal policy and criminal arsenal of countries and the international community is necessary. Since late 1990s, governments tried to resolve this issue by resorting to criminal laws but the special nature of these crimes that benefit from high gains and low risks caused the resorting to criminal Laws unable to reduce these crime rates considerably, particularly in developing countries. Centering on this, the present article has attempted to find causes of tremendous escalation of this organized crime. The present article has progressed with a descriptive-analytical approach by adapting the subject facts and finally by analyzing the issue, concludes that the environmental crimes are escalating primarily due to lack of proportionality of punishment and insufficiency of legal tools in national and international levels. Therefore; it is necessary that certain solutions be taken into considerations in order to improve criminal support of the environment.

Nowadays, Economy plays a key role in human lives in a way that disorder in the field of economy not only disrupts other fields of life but it also affects religion and Resurrection and therefore; economic issues are considered as the most serious challenges of modern world and combating economic corruptions and their related crimes such as money laundering, collusion in transactions and organized crimes have an exclusive position in all communities. Therefore; since 2000 up to now, two Palermo and Merida Conventions have been approved on economic and monetary crimes at UN level. In recent years, economic crimes have been able to take shapes for the economy of a country in vast spectrums and in different methods and ways including indirect advertisements for consuming special commodities via third countries, manipulating and controlling individuals’ bank accounts abroad, ill-gotten and illegitimate amounts of money through inappropriate transactions and by cheating in letter of statements presented to governments and deceiving governmental organizations because of customs fee evasion and through lack of paying taxes on imported commodities even beyond borders. In facilitating most of these hidden crimes which are committed in organized forms, ICT, banking systems and modern transportation play an essential role and eventually through money laundering and weakness of administrative and judicial laws, cleaning obtained dirty money is easily done. But how can the expansion and recidivism of economic crimes be prevented and controlled? The present article while answering this question, attempts to identify and describe modern methods of combating these kinds of crimes.

Everyday increasing petty thefts makes the necessity of identifying individual and social features of thieves inevitable. Therefore the present research deals with the study of individual and social features of these kinds of petty thieves. This research is of applied studies type and its intended audience is petty thieves’ case files. To collect the required data and information, case files, credible documents and sources pertaining 380 petty thieves in the Theft Office of Ilam Criminal Investigation Department, Police 110, police stations of different townships of Ilam were used. The statistical methods used in this research include “descriptive statistics” which were described through social sciences software package. Findings resulted from describing the status of petty thieves in Ilam indicate that the absolute majority (%99.2) of petty thieves in Ilam Province have been men. %60.8 of them has been between 21-31 years old. %93.9 of the arrested petty thieves has been unemployed. The study of the thieves based on the theft tools show that %25 of them has been arrested on charges of inside-vehicle thefts. %13.7 of the thieves has been arrested on charges of stealing incomplete construction tools, %12.9 on charges of stealing power cables and wires, %12.6 on charges of cattle theft. %66.8 of the arrested thieves had different criminal records in the Judiciary System. %54.5 of the thieves were addicts, %99.5 were physically healthy.

Delinquencyand certain crimes across the globe have turned into an international issue. One of these crimes whose development has made the global atmosphere insecure is organized crimes which have turned into a serious problem in the recent century. The present research, with an applied glance at the issue of crime cases in the international atmosphere, analyzes trans-national criminal cases with a different glance and by using best expert views and studying theoretical principles and applying a combined approach from Chang and TODIM Phase Hierarchical Analysis, as well, the experts identify 15 criminal cases at first and then conduct giving weights and finally they prioritize the most important trans-national organizations such as Mafia, Triad, Yakouza, American Cartels and other dispersed groups. The present corruption in these organizations, weapons smuggling, selling and buying rare animals, drugs and rare toxic material have been considered as the most important criminal cases. Moreover, mafia organizations have been identified as the most criminal gangs.

One of the examples of corruption is the one in which governments employees abuse their positions and through this, they obtain benefits for themselves or their acquaintancs. This issue has been noticed in the legal systems of countries and international deeds, as well, and in the new laws passed in the field of abuse of covert information, not only abuse of covert information has been considered as a crime in investment market, but legislators have also taken the development the domain of this crime to government’s employees into considerations. This attitude which can be referred to as abuse of governmental covert information or governmental rent is a phenomenon that is obtained in a disparity set of access to governmental information among government’s employees and others. To prevent this situation, there need to be both active measures to eliminate conflict of interests and reactive measures towards criminalzation of this kind of abuse. To answer this question that why Iran’s Criminal Law System should criminalize this attitude, this article, using descriptive-analytical method, concludes that in regards to abusive and destructive results of this attitude and by considering the principle of disadvantages and filters of criminalization, Iran’s Legal System, similar to other countires, like that of the US, should criminalize this attitude and consider an apropriate gurantee to enforce it.

The science of chemistry has been able to gain more applications among criminal sciences due to the variety of chemical elements and their vast applications in identifying the properties of these elements and the relevant reactions,. The present article attempts to introduce the position and role of this chemical method in criminal sciences by investigating Cyanoacrylate glue fuming and presenting the conducted reactions in confronting these fumes with remained prints from finger tips which lead to the formation of white polymer. This method is used for developing latent prints on such surfaces as plastic, certain metals, processed wood and the like. In this article, a coloring method with safranin pigments to accentuate developed latent prints using Cyanoacrylate glue fuming while describing certain coloring methods of developed prints was used. If this process gains attention from crime laboratories, it can dramatically contribute to developing prints on surfaces which are impossible to develop by crime scene experts using ordinary and traditional methods. The aim of this article is to introduce Cyanoacrylate glue fuming as an effective and capable chemical method in developing latent prints. Low cost of material to be used and optimum quality of the developed prints are among the benefits of this method. In regards to the fact that this process has been practically implemented in Isfahan and at present, it is being used, images of developed fingerprints collected from crime scenes to prove this claim is presented in practical and applied forms.

The subcultures of crime, such as the subculture of violence, is one of the issues that has a decisive role in the occurrence of crime.  The reason for the emergence of these subcultures has not been forgotten by the detailed view of criminologists. But what matters is the legal duty of the judicial and police institutions to prevent and combat the emergence of subcultures through the use of comprehensive and expert methods and programs. Expressing preventive solutions and combating these subcultures is the subject of this article. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the use of library resources.The findings of this study include the role of the police in preventing subcultures of violence through a variety of methods of prevention provided by law agencies to integrate these subcultures into the main culture of society, and also by assisting relevant organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, to prevent the formation and operation of such subcultures. Police also are required by law to take legal actions against these destructive subcultures, combat their various forms, control their continued activity, and prevent their re-formation. The result of this study is that, planning to combat violent subcultures regardless of the origins and causes of such subcultures, would be nothing but failure. Simplistic attitude with no scrutiny and no matter what the prevailing culture of society which we are planning for, not only may not work, but also may have unacceptable results. Prevention methods of the subculture of violence and combating its persistence wouldn’t be no exception to this rule.