نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
پیاپی 31 (زمستان 1398)

Increasing the interest of tourists in nature tourism in recent years is a clear vision for the development of ecotourism in our country. For the survival of this type of tourism, loyalty is the most important component of the survey. But the expansion of the market and the promotion of loyalty to tourists depend on factors. The quality of services, the quality of aesthetics, and positive experience can be cited as the main drivers of loyalty in forest-based tourism. The northern bar of the country is prone to nature-based tourism. The studied area is one of the most popular forests of Savadkou in Mazandaran province. The main objective of this research is to study the components of the quality of aesthetics, service quality, positive experience on loyalty of the region. The research method is descriptive and analytical and in terms of its purpose. .

In today's age of Globalization, cluster development in general and the development of creative cultural-tourism clusters in particular have been introduced to be the main part of spatial development and regional competitiveness.The creative cultural cluster,is dominated by small and medium-sized cultural and creative enterprises, specialized arts and new media practices, which can be referred to the activities, innovative and creative cultural and artistic institutions that which has a geographical neighborhood and spatial focus by forming the overflows of knowledge and innovation, it will bring about the development and competitiveness of enterprises and the regions. In this regard, based on Porter and Lingel cluster development model, the present study has tried to use the social survey method in a deep interview with the cinema industry and also the related literature study to investigate the spatial implications of cultural-artistic clusters with an emphasis on media cluster for exploring Tehran regional development; in addition, in order to reinforce the positive effects of cultural clusters on regional development, it proposes an optimal location through a location model. The final step was devoted to proposing requirements and cost-effective strategies for influencing the cinema industry on spatial development and competitiveness of Tehran& apos; s metropolitan area

The purpose of this study is to compare the factors affecting on handicrafts shopping behavior between domestic and foreign tourists in Isfahan city. The research method is descriptive and analytic. The statistical sample is 396 tourists (domestic 247, foreign 149). The survey data-collecting tool is a researcher-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire reliability is measured through Cronbach Alpha (0.837). The data were analyzed using one-sample T test, Independent Sample T test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The results indicated that all factors had a positive influence on handicrafts shopping behavior of tourists. In addition, the most important factor affecting on the handicraft shopping behavior for domestic tourists was quality factor, and for domestic tourists was authenticity factor. The results of Independent Samples T-test showed that there weren't difference in the effects of authenticity, price and uniqueness factors between domestic and foreign tourists, 4 factors of situational factor, portability, utility value, attitude about handicrafts were more important for foreign tourists than domestic tourists, and 2 factors of quality and experience were more important for domestic tourists. The study will be useful for the artisans and suppliers in the tourism and handicraft industry to improve their business performances.

The increasing number of tourists around the world has increased the need for planning for ecotourism development, in order to minimize the environmental impact of tourism and to maximize the social and economic benefits of tourism in destinations. Due to the necessity of present study, this paper has identified and evaluated of ecotourism destinations in Guilan Province. The present study is an analytical one and the data collection was done through survey through questionnaire and field observations. The statistical population is all tourists entering Guilan province. 384 persons were selected through Cochran formula and available sampling method. The opinions of 37 experts were also collected and analyzed through a questionnaire. Statistical tests and copras prioritization method were used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire. The results show that Masuleh and Fouman ghale roodkhan have relatively high levels of ecotourism and the second priorities are the Lahijan Sheytan Kuh Waterfall and Bam-e Sabz, Anzali Wetland and Coastal Boulevard and Gisoom. In the last priority are protected areas such as Lavandvil, Steil Lagoon, Siah Keshim and rural areas such as Gilgamesh, Marzdasht, and so on.

The owners of ecolodges as the main caretakers of tourism have a lot of responsibilities in business and providing services in accordance with environmental standards to tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental responsibility of the owners of rural ecosystems. Therefore, the statistical population of the present study is 27 owners of ecolodges in Khorasan Razavi province. Based on the results of the two-sample t -tests, it was found that the villagers had more attention than the tourists. According to the correlation test, there was a significant relationship between environmental responsibility and employment (direct, indirect, local and non-local), income, number of tourists, and degree of residence. This means that the more employment created and the higher the income, the more homeowners will feel more responsible. Finally, linear regression test revealed that the variables of age, education and income level of the eco-dwellers had an impact on their environmental responsibility.

Festivals can be considered as an affordable tool for developing tourist attractions and recreational activities for tourism destination. The use of culture and cultural events has always been a leading factor in the areas of tourism and cultural marketing. In this research, we examine the structural components, event brand, event location and cultural event on a general picture that includes cognitive image and emotional image. This paper is applied research in terms of its purpose of research and in terms of research method, it is a descriptive survey. The population of the study is tourists in Karaj. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS, and Amos software, and the regression method was used to test the hypothesis path analysis. The findings showed that structural components, event brand, event location and cultural event had a positive and significant effect on cognitive image. Also, the structural components and event brand affect the emotional image. The event location and cultural event do not affect the emotional image. And the cognitive image and emotional impact on the overall image have a positive and significant effect and the emotional image of the cognitive image on the overall image is more effective

Today,newculturaltourismfocusesontheintegrationofproductionandconsumptionandbuildsrelationships betweensuppliersan consumers.Tourismisoneof the most dynamic economic activities of the modern era that plays an important role in sustainable development. Currently, tourism has become one of the most important components of economic development and prosperity in most countries. Cultural tourism is one of the types of tourism that encompasses a wide range of tourists and deserves special attention due to its important role in preserving the culture and history of different communities. The purpose of the present study is to design a model of entrepreneurial window of opportunity in Iranian cultural tourism. The research method used is mixed-exploratory. In the qualitative part, data-driven theory (based on open and axial coding) and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method is used. The statistical population of the research is experts and specialists. In the quantitative section, the research population is the staff and experts of tourism offices and some experts in entrepreneurship field. The research tool is semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire (extracted from interview texts). The statistical method at the quantitative stage is structural equation modeling. The research findings show that the main factors of the model include causal, contextual, and confounding factors, strategies, and outcomes with their specific effects.

The main objective of this research is the role of virtual spaces in the familiarity and mental image of foreign tourists traveling to Iran. This research is in terms of its purpose and in terms of collecting descriptive-survey information. The statistical population of this study is foreign tourists visiting Iran. A sample of 200 individuals was considered as a sampling method and the Standard Mang and Choi Questionnaire (2016) were distributed among these individuals. To analyze the data, SPSS and PLS software were used. The results showed that Web surfing and the use of social networks have a significant effect on emotional evaluation. The results also showed that the use of social networks and emotional assessment has an impact on the mental image of foreign tourists, but web browsing does not affect the mental image of foreign tourists.

The main aim of the world's tourism destinations is to increase the competitive power that leads to maintain and increase of market share. Therefore, this study evaluate the effective factors in improving the competitiveness of the Iran's tourism industry provide suitable solutions for it, using the hybrid MCDM approach. In this study, we have used a hybrid MCDM hybrid approach based on the fuzzy hierarchy process and Fuzzy Vocabulary to evaluate and select appropriate solutions. Sample research sample has been compiled by 15 experts related to the Iran's tourism industry. According to studies, the main criteria in this study are the legal framework, the business environment and infrastructure and human and cultural resources, also each of which in turn includes sub-criteria. The results of this study indicate that among the factors influencing competitiveness improvement, the increase of the quality of tourism destinations has been the highest priority.