Report of Health Care
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

Side effects of most synthetic drugs used in the treatment of various diseases have led researchers around the world to conduct studies on the identification of alternative therapies. In this vein, the present study aims to review the research carried out in association with the therapeutic effects of music used in the treatment of relatively common diseases.

To develop this review article, researchers conducted some computer search using keywords in databases including Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, Medline, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, ProQuest, and ISC, and collected and probed the results of over 100 published articles from 2000 to 2018 dealing with the effect of music therapy in the treatment of 12 relatively common diseases.

The findings show that music therapy has a positive effect on the treatment of the diseases studied.

Music can have positive effects on pain, sleep disorders, learning, memory, IQ, depression, anxiety and special diseases such as schizophrenia and autism.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. In this study, combined therapy with resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with interval and continuous exercise trainings was considered on apoptosis and lipid profiles in the liver tissue of rats with NAFLD. 56 rats were divided into two groups including control and NAFLD. The NAFLD rats were then randomly divided into seven experimental groups including, patient, saline, resveratrol (RSV), continuous exercise (CT), interval exercise (IT), continuous exercise + RSV (CT+RSV), and interval exercise + RSV (IT+RSV). Apoptosis biomarkers, including liver Bax and Bcl- 2 levels, and lipid profiles including High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (Cho) and triglyceride (TG), were measured using specific ELISA kits. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test at a significant level of 0.05. Resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with exercise trainings significantly decreased the serum LDL, Cho and TG levels (p<0.05), while this combined therapy significantly increased the HDL level (p<0.05). RSV alone or in combination with interval and continuous trainings significantly decreased Bax level (p<0.001), but significantly increased the Bcl- 2 level (p<0.001). NAFLD is strongly associated with liver cells apoptosis and abnormality in lipid profiles. Although resveratrol alone has an anti-apoptotic and lipid profiles modulating properties, combined therapy with interval and continuous trainings can be more effective.

Mental health is one of the important components of health, the ability to balance in life and resist problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of yoga training on mental health of male and female university students. In this quasi-experimental study, 60 students of Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht Branch were selected and divided into two groups: yoga training and control. The yoga training group performed yoga training for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and each session for 90 minutes. The control group only had their daily activities during this period. Before the beginning of the study and at the end of the study period, mental health was measured by the GHQ questionnaire. To analyze the findings, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired sample t-test and analysis of covariance were used (p≤0.05). Eight weeks of yoga training had a significant effect on the increase in mental health score of male and female students (p = 0.001); the level of mental health following eight weeks of yoga training in female students was more favorable than male students (p =0.03). Eight weeks of yoga training have a significant effect on the improvement of physical symptoms (p= 0.001), insomnia anxiety (p= 0.001), and depression symptoms in male and female students (p= 0.002). However, eight weeks of yoga training have no significant effect on the improvement of social dysfunction in male and female students (p= 0.53). It seems that eight weeks of yoga training can improve mental health of students.

A number of studies have reported that regular aerobic exercises can improve cardiovascular biomarkers such as homocysteine, C- reactive protein and lipid profile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on homocysteine, C- reactive protein and lipid profile in active and inactive men. in this quasi-experimental study, 26 active (n = 13) and inactive (n = 13) students aged (18- 23) years old participated voluntarily. All subject performed aerobic exercises for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes with intensity of 60- 75 % of maximum heart rate reserve per session. Blood sample was taken in the pretest and 24 hours after the last aerobic exercise session in the post- test. Independent sample t- test and paired sample t- test were used to analyze the data (p≤0.05). Serum levels of homocysteine (P = 0.001) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.003) significantly decreased in the active group compared to the inactive group. However, there were no significant difference in the changes of C-reactive protein (P = 0.12), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.56), triglyceride (P = 0.24), total cholesterol (P = 0.21), total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein (P = 0.52) and triglyceride to high density lipoprotein (P = 0.26), between active and inactive group. It appears that serum levels of homocysteine reduced further after four weeks of exercise in active subjects in comparison with inactive subjects. However, the improvement in the serum levels of C-reactive protein and lipid profiles after four weeks of exercise training were the same in both active and inactive individuals.

Hypertension is one of the common diseases in modern societies. ANP hormone is one of the factors regulating blood pressure. Apart from conventional clinical treatments, recent attention has been paid to the impact of exercise on ANP. But there is still debate around the type of exercise that is being used. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and resistance training on gene expression and protein levels of ANP in male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 15 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 5 subjects including (1) control, (2) aerobic training, and (3) resistance training. Aerobic training included running on treadmill at 20 m/min (5 sessions, each session 60 minutes per week), while resistance training included climbing a ladder of one meter with 85-degree slope. For analyzing the findings, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test were run using SPSS version 19 (p<0.05). aerobic training had a significant effect on the increased levels of the ANP gene expression (p = 0.001) and ANP tissue concentration (p = 0.001) in the heart tissue of rats. Resistance training had a significant effect on the increased levels of ANP gene expression (p = 0.001) and ANP tissue concentration (p = 0.001) in the heart tissue of rats. Also, aerobic training had a greater effect on the ANP gene expression and ANP tissue concentration in the heart tissue of rats compared to resistance training (p = 0.001). It seems that aerobic and resistance training with a significant increase in ANP gene expression and ANP concentration, elevate heart health, however, the effect of aerobic training in this field was more than resistance training.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous cells by exposure to the risk of death. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on cytochrome C, caspase 9 and tumor volume in mice with breast cancer.

In this experimental study, 20 female balb/c mice (age: five to six weeks) were injected with MC4-L2 cancerous cells. They were then randomly assigned to two groups of 10 mice including experimental and control groups. Experimental group performed exercise for eight weeks (55-70% of the aerobic capacity of the mice). 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were sacrificed and their tumors tissue samples were removed and stored at -70 ° C and the level of factor expression of cytochrome C and caspase-9 of tumor tissue was measured by Real Time-PCR. Data were analyzed by SPSS21 using independent sample t- test (p≤ 0.05).

There was a significant difference between the two groups of control and aerobic exercise in the cytochrome C (P = 0.001) and caspase 9 (P = 0.039), and the levels were higher in the exercise group than in the control group. Also, regarding tumor volume index, tumor volume in the exercise group was significantly less than that in the control group (P = 0.001).

In general, the results of this study confirm the positive role of eight weeks of aerobic exercise by stimulating upstream factors affecting the process of cancerous cell apoptosis.

The increasing significance of hospitals in improving physical and mental health has led to focusing on improved quality and higher patients’ satisfaction. The purpose of the present research is to determine performance quality of authorities and departments of Shahid Bahonar educational hospital from practitioners’ perspectives.

This cross-sectional analytical-descriptive study was conducted in 2016. Research sample included 110 doctors of Shahid Bahonar educational hospital in Kerman. Research data were collected through a reliable and validated researcher-made questionnaire. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal –Wallis, and one sample t-test were used for data analysis (p≤0.05).

Mean quality performance scores of hospital administrators (4.19 ± 0.62), wards (3.96 ± 0.55), quality of service delivery (3.25 ± 0.59), and working motivation in practitioners (3.61 ± 0.72) were obtained. The results also showed that younger employees (p = 0.01) and younger practitioners (p = 0.01) represented significantly better perspectives of performance quality of authorities and working motivation conditions; in addition, medical specialists showed better perspectives than general practitioners (p = 0.02). Quality of service delivery satisfaction and working motivation significantly reduced in individuals with over 15 years of working experiences (p = 0.01).

Results revealed that practitioners’ perspectives on performance quality of authorities and hospital wards relatively developed in recent years, particularly due to in-service training and establishing a responsible system to implement health reform plan especially in hospitals.

Nowadays, the trend of dramatic growth in the aging population and its relation with mental disorders is on the rise. In this vein, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of exercise in water on the levels of stress, anxiety and depression of elderly men in Gachsaran city. In this semi-experimental study, 30 male volunteers with a mean age of 66 ± 0.5 years, who met the inclusion criteria of the study, were randomly selected and assigned into two control and experimental groups of 15 subjects. The experimental group performed the selected exercises in water in accordance with the planned protocol, and the control group just performed their daily routine activities during this period. Running pretest and post-test, stress (GHQ questionnaire), anxiety (Cattle’s questionnaire) and depression (Beck’s questionnaire) were measured in both groups. To analyze the findings, analysis of covariance was employed using SPSS software (version 21) (p≤0.05). Exercise in water had a significant effect on stress components such as reduction of physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms and symptoms of depression and an increase in symptoms of social action compared to control group (p≤0.05), exercise in water had a significant effect on anxiety reduction compared to control group (p≤0.05) Also, exercise in water had a significant effect on depression reduction compared to control group (p≤0.05). Regarding the results of this study, it seems that exercise in water reduces anxiety and depression and some stress factors in elderly people.