پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی
سال یازدهم شماره 22 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Today competition is very intense and companies are looking for customer retention to survive. The fact that customers' demands, needs, and expectations change emphasizes the necessity of checking customer loyalty continuously. Attracting customer loyalty requires the exploitation and successful implementation of new ideas that called innovation. Also, considering the importance of special customer equity, it tries to improve customer loyalty. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure the impact of innovation on customer loyalty by considering the role of customer equity. Advertising has been considered as a moderator variable. This study is an applied and descriptive study. For data collection, a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. A sample of 392 people who were the consumers of Kale products, were selected from different ethnic groups in Tehran. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to analyze the data by SPSS and Smart-PLS soft wares. The results of the research showed that innovation affects customer equity, and advertisements moderate their relationship. Also, a customer’s equity influences customer loyalty.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of authentic leadership style on Job performance of staff with the Mediation of Organizational virtuousness in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The research method is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was all administrative staff of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The sample size was calculated based on Morgan's table and a simple random sampling method was used. For collecting information, three questionnaires were used: Walumbwa authentic (2008), Organizational Virtuousness of Cameron et al (2004) and Paterson’s job performance (1990). Validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the hypotheses in this study, structural equation modeling has been used. Data were analyzed using Smart PlS software. Data analysis showed that the staffs of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences believe that authentic leadership and organizational virtuousness have a significant and positive impact on staff job performance. As well as authentic leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational virtue. According to the results, the university administration through the implementation of authentic leadership can accelerate the realization of organizational virtuousness and by considering organizational virtuousness factors can develop and enhance the staff job performance.

The purpose of this study is to identify positive and negative perceptions of consumers about store discounts. Identifying customer perceptions can facilitate its management and enhance positive perceptions and improve negative perceptions. This study was initially carried out using a Meta-Synthesis method. And then we interviewed 17 consumers to understand consumer perceptions of discounts. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 14 executives and experts to manage the improvement of negative perceptions of value Destruction and promote positive perceptions of value creation.   Using thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with consumers, their perceptions were extracted and compared with Meta-Synthesis results. The Interviews were introduced to MAXQDA software for coding. After coding process, in the second step, 128 codes were identified. From the referral point of view, poor quality code (15 referrals), optimum purchase (11 referrals), pleasant sense (9 referrals), tricks and deceit (7 referrals), production with in-store price tag (7 referrals), regret and sense of shame (4 references), were most important based on their referral frequencies. In the next step, the codes were divided into 45 Sub themes and finally themes into 9 Main themes. From the referral point of view in the third phase, Volume discount (8 referrals), Return of Goods (8 referrals), Mention the profit on the purchase invoice (7 referrals) and Online shopping (6 referrals), were most important based on their referral frequencies.

Technology development has been recognized as a major factor in the long-term national boom. In this regard, it is necessary to stimulate innovation in order to maintain a position in global competition. The necessity of designing and evaluating any innovation policy requires looking for ways to measure and compare the technological capability of different countries. This paper investigates and estimates the technology gap in Iran's steel industry with 13 selected countries to assess the technological capability of the world's top steel producers. The purpose of the present study is to identify the extent of technology gap, its causes, and provide solutions to overcome this technology gap. For this purpose, based on econometric method, two categories of inputs (raw materials, energy consumption and manpower) and outputs (total steel production) in the period 2009-2014 were collected through different databases, and then the data were analyzed through Frontier41 and GAMS soft wares. Results based on estimating the technological frontiers of each group of countries and comparing them with existing technology meta-frontier indicate that Iran has the largest technology gap in the steel industry compared to the selected countries,so based on literature review, some solutions has been provided at the end of the paper.

One of the key decisions in organizations is the selection of suppliers. Typically, a list of identified suppliers is evaluated based on a set of criteria, which indicates a multi-criteria decision-making problem. There are multiple methods and multiple criteria for evaluating suppliers. The nature of such decisions is complex in conditions of uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to provide a method for evaluating suppliers in conditions of uncertainty. In this research, evaluation criteria are extracted from the supplier potential matrix, and after determining the importance of criteria using the Best-Worst Method, the degree of uncertainty is calculated with Gray Relational analysis and finally, Dempster-Shafer method is used to rank suppliers. Research data has been gathered from hardware industry experts, with knowledge and experience in purchasing and procurement. A real case study is presented to illustrate the proposed hybrid approach to supplier selection. In the capability dimension, quality and capacity of the warehouse and in the willingness dimension, willingness to share information and mutual interaction are respectively the best and worst indicators. Also, the ranking of suppliers was conducted in conditions of uncertainty. Research results are important from a few perspectives. First, the criteria presented are public and can be used in different industries and conditions. Second, gray relational analysis is used to calculate uncertainty, which is due to the use of less data.

The organizational decline is a phenomenon that covers all types of companies and is a factor in the threat of survival. Therefore, the study of the actions of companies that have experienced in decline and tried to get out of this situation can give insights into the range of turnaround strategies used by them to other companies. The goal of this research is to design a process for SME business turnaround to exit the decline. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and uses mix approach. In this research, Grounded Theory strategy has been used. In the first stage, using semi-structured interviews with the main decision-makers of 11 Companies Active In the food industry, using non-random sampling method and 107 of the components and 32 categories in the form of 6 dimensions(Cause of Decline, Decline, factors Contextual and intermediary, turnaround strategy, Outcomes)were identified. Then a questionnaire with the identified components in the qualitative section was distributed among the companies selected through simple random sampling to confirm or reject identified components. Finally, by categorizing the identified components based on the Grounded Theory Paradigm, it was developed in the form of six dimensions: Causal, Central, Strategic, Contextual, Interventionist and Outcomes, The turnaround process of SME’s was developed.

The present study seeks to design a model explaining the role of Human Resource practices in public service motivation with a psychological approach. In other words, while determining the human resource measures that affect public service motivation, the impact of human resource actions on public service motivation is examined from a psychological perspective. The study is descriptive, purposeful, and descriptive in terms of data collection. The research population was staff of one of the public universities with 445 person and 207 samples were selected randomly by Cochran formula. This study was performed on a sample of 114 questions. The internal consistency of the questionnaire instrument was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was confirmed. The Cronbach's alpha of perceived Human resource measures is 0.972, psychological ownership 0.939, psychological climate 0.973, public service motivation 0.876, and psychological empowerment 0.883. The results show that perceived Human Resource practices have effect psychological climate. Psychological ownership and psychological empowerment also influence public service motivation. The mediating role of psychological ownership and psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived Human resource practices and public service motivation was confirmed. However, Human Resource practices have not effect on public service motivation and the mediating role of the psychological climate in the relationship between perceived Human resource practices and public service motivation was not confirmed.

The purpose of this research is to design a model to  determine factors effecting on formation of personal brand between entrepreneurs in Isfahan city.This research is a kind of developing research based on the goal and based on the method is a  basic-exploratory research that is done in a qualitative manner. The statistical population of the research includes 18 personal brands of entrepreneurs in Isfahan city that had been selected in the purposeful sampling and with attention to  the saturation rule. The method of data collection is interview.The findings of the research in the qualitative section indicate that two categories of internal factor and external factors have influenced the formation of personal brand among entrepreneurs in Isfahan. Internal factor consist of apparent, personality and competency factor that arise from person and is not related to the invironment. External  factors consist of social, organizational and familial factor that rooted in environmental factor. Also, Personal brand consist of individual, organizational and social outcomes. If the outcome related to person is as an individual out come, and if is related to organization is know as organizational and if it is related to environment is call as environmental factor. Findings in the quantitative part of the research show that internal factor and external factors with impact factor of 52. and 54.  have influenced the formation of personal brand and personal brand. Personal brand  with impact factor of .58 influenced on personal brand outcomes.