مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 50 (بهار 1399)

Geotourism is one of the new concepts in geography and tourism literature that emphasizes the determination of special tourist sites from the point of view of geology and geomorphology. The focus of studies in this scientific branch is to determine the special tourist sites and to combine them with cultural, historical and ecological resources in order to achieve sustainable tourism development. In the meantime, the geospatial creation of the geoparks by the UNESCO Organization for the protection of Geological Heritage was presented with its special scientific management plans. Therefore, it can be argued that a sustainable and systematic development approach is one of the essential requirements for the effective management of the present era for the development of tourism industry globally. In this regard, the main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the development of geotourism and the creation of geopark on sustainable tourism indicators. The research method was correlation and sampling method in this study was a holistic judgment sampling method and the sample size included 66 senior experts from the Office of the Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism in Guilan province. After collecting data with standard questionnaires, structural equation modeling technique with partial least squares approach was used to evaluate the relationships between variables and in general, all data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS softwares. The results of the research hypotheses indicate the impact of geotourism and geopark on sustainable tourism indices in different dimensions (economic, social, cultural, political, technological, and ecological).

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of Crisis Management local managers to reduce vulnerable before the earthquake the rural Settlements in the study area is. And seek to answer these questions, whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Research Methodology The cross-correlation method based on field studies and applied research type. The population of the investigation, including Gilo district is the city functions Tarom With 3185 households in 1390, based on the revised formula Cochrane total of 155 questionnaires were randomly distributed between households and has been completed. To analyze the data descriptive and inferential statistics (t single sample and Pearson, Pearson's chi-square test and compromise) and to assess the level of knowledge management in terms of spatial distribution in rural areas Vaykor model is used. Findings Research findings showed that the majority of the variables, except for the third variable (the executive body of programs, information on events and vulnerabilities village of the region based on knowledge of local managers have been used in the prevention of earthquake. The results showed that among all other factors lower than average utility (3), respectively. And lower than average level of knowledge of local managers. The tests also showed that the level of favorability numbers is significant and the difference is negative.

The World experience shows that Agricultural section agro-processing industry in rural areas are able to increase Rural productions, productivity and The Inter-sect oral relationship and are able to decrease the Regional imbalances. However, the success of processing industries in rural areas depends on the best location choice for establishing the industrial activities. In this regard, one of the strategies that had been pursued in rural areas of developing countries and had positive results was the actions in order to industrializing rural areas. The type of this research is practical and the method is Analytical. The Statistical Society in this research is Nowkandeh and central parts of bandar-e gaz that four villages of central parts and two villages of Nowkandeh district and 1681 families are the statistical society of this research that 200 families are selected as a sample society based on Cochran Formula. Data analysis has been done by the use of SPSS and excel software, Chi-square test, Friedman, Mann-Whitney and independent t. Given that rural industry communicates between agriculture and industry and Are effective in creating a balance between rural and urban communities, and decreases the development space, It is necessary for the planners and officials pay attention to Agro industry in rural communities more than before To create new job opportunities and cause income enhancement, increasing the quality of life and reducing rural-urban migration.

City poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint is as an internal new motivation in women that it can create beds for opportunities for city poor women amplitude, capabilities and adequacy inflorescence. According to applied knowledge development in current research , we focused on city poor women empowerment investigation with citizenship positive viewpoint . So current research is applied according to aim, and also it is descriptive- analytic according to nature and method. Statistical society of current research includes Akhmagiyeh sector families in Tabriz city that mentioned sector was located in 7 region municipality. Sample size was estimated based on Kokeran modified model and it was equal with 342 persons. In order to research data analyzing , partial squares least were used in Warp-PLS software . Results showed that , the most effect on empowerment variables and citizenship positive viewpoint structural modeling investigate with 0/362 effect coefficient and self-satisfaction was equal with 0/410 in effect coefficient . The lowest effect in structural modeling was equal with 0/172 for citizenship positive viewpoint variables and it was equal with 0/215 for resistant by effect coefficient. Dependent variables determining coefficients model in current research showed that 13/4 percents variance of empowerment variable describe entering case. Also, Eston – Gaser test results for empowerment dependent variable with 0/152 and citizenship positive viewpoint Variable with 0/138 calculated amounts showed that regarded model has requirement anticipation power and capacity.

This research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) and transferred to the soil lab for nitrate measurement. The location of the samples was determined using a GPS device and the corresponding map with GIS technic. At the same time, a questionnaire was distributed among the farmers of the villages studied and completed. The data from laboratory and questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS19 software and the correlation of studied traits was studied. The relationship between consumption and nitrate accumulation from the soil was also studied by T-test. The average nitrate content of Ardabil plain farms was more than the recommended standard and was 414 mg / kg. The results showed that the amount of soil nitrate and nitrate intake per hectare affected the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer (pv <0.05). Based on the results, it was found that gastrointestinal cancer was scattered in the north and northwest areas of the plain and its geographic distribution was consistent with the type of soil containing nitrate.

The third millennium as an “era of cities” associated with major challenges, mainly derived by human malicious activities, especially in cities, over the last four decades. This issue has required alternative development approach to sustainability and livability of cities. In this context, maintenance and development of high-quality public space widely have been recognized as an effective approach to social sustainability of cities. Accordingly, this paper aimed to conceptualize the role of public space in social sustainability. We calculated sample size based on Daniel’s Formula. One-sample T test, Pearson’s correlation, multi-criteria regression have been used to measuring indicators. Findings revealed that inclusiveness, safety, and meaningful activities are the most important indicators in quality of public space in Tajrish neighborhood. In addition, in effort to evaluating impacts of quality of public space indicators on social sustainability we found that safety and security, access, meaningful activities and inclusiveness indicators have direct impact on quality of public space and comfort and pleasantness have indirect impact on social sustainability of Tajrish neighborhood. It is accomplished with direct and indirect impact of meaningful activities and inclusiveness on social sustainability.

One of the issues raised in urban planning is the physical activities of citizens in their leisure time. This research has focused on the role of the residential environment on physical-leisure activities of residents of Salman Farsi and Ghaffari neighborhoods in the city of Sari, which has been done by a questionnaire and descriptive-analytical method. Data has been analyzed using SPSS software using statistical tests like Friedman, Chi- Square, Mann Whitney, Cramer’s V and Contingency Coefficient. Results show the most important criterion for inhabitants of Salman-Farsi neighborhood is the security as well as social criterion for inhabitants of Ghafari neighborhood. The physical-leisure activity of Salman-Farsi residents is relatively high, but it is relatively low in Ghaffari neighborhood. The physical-leisure activity of men in Salman-Farsi neighborhood is more than women, but it is almost equal in Ghaffari's neighborhood. The results also showed that there is no significant relation between car ownership and physical-leisure activity in Salman Farsi and Ghaffari neighborhoods. Also there is no significant relation between type of housing and physical-leisure activity in Salman-Fars neighborhood, but there is a relatively significant relation between these two variables in Ghaffari neighborhood.

The purpose of the present was to study and analysis of social capital effects on improvement of villager’s resiliency in the management of earthquake crisis in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all damaged villages of north Ozomdul Dehstan and households residing in this villages (N=398) among which 196 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.80-0.86).Moreover, as shown by the results of Pearson test, there are significant relation between the variables of awareness, social confidence, social participation, social communication, knowledge and information exchange and horizontal relations and improvement of villager’s resiliency in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. Finally, according to the study results, a number of recommendations also presented

Challenges in the urban management system have led to the emergence of different theories in this regard, each of which attempts to suggest a suitable model by taking into account a series of variables and criteria. The 1970s was a turning point in the theorizing. Among these, one can mention two urban governance and urban resilience theories. Almost both theories were raised at one time, but several decades of time were needed to develop by the experts, until take a more complete form. Each of these theories will try to provide appropriate solutions to the challenges of urban management and to come up with a suitable model in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify effective variables and criteria in these two theories and compare them with each other in order to better understand the subject and provide a more efficient model for urban management in Qazvin. In this research, content analysis methodology has been used, Recent researches on resilience and governance has been investigated, and greater recognition is made, using the differences existing therein. In this way, a comprehensive and transparent picture of the subject is obtained. To come Based on the findings of the present study, institutional resilience with a wider view of the influential factors in urban management has looked, to the variables that are involved in promoting the efficiency and function of this system.

The aim of this empirical research is to analyze the factors influencing women's decision- making regarding adopting the entrepreneurship. In another word it evaluates the main factors which are effecting on extension of innovation adoption finalizing the adoption of entrepreneurship between rural women. The research concentrated on research in villages such as of Kan district that have considerable amount of entrepreneurs. The data has been collected by questionnaire on the base of Likert model and the documentary method as well, interviews . All entrepreneurs' women in the research area have been chosen, so no random selection is used. The statistical population of the research is the entrepreneurs family who growing and selling plants and flowers and living in 4 villages of the souleghan district.The research statistical population is 2,713 people, which include 667 households in the study area. All recipients of entrepreneurship and innovation that living in the 4 villages of Kan- souleghan are included in the sample population of the research ,that they are about 82 men and their wives.The data has been collected through the field work and library- base .they have been collected by questionnaires, interviews, books and various methods. The results shows that the family and social factors and personality of respondents have a greatest impact on the decision-making process of women in accepting an entrepreneurship, as well as their speed to make a decision. Finally, in the next step economic factors play a considerable role in this process and to their acceptance of an innovation.

Nowadays, cities have been widely exposed to the various types of the human hazards and this instability has resulted in their vulnerability. Therefore, in order to make cities resilient, it is necessary to identify these hazards and plan to reduce them and prevent their occurrence. The city of Ardebil is not an exception in this regard and it has been exposed to a variety of these human hazards. With regard to these issues, the purpose of this study is to identify the most important human hazards which are deciding factors in Ardabil's vulnerability. According to the rules of research models and the experts available in the city, 200 participants completed the questionnaire purposefully. The data was analyzed by applying parametric statistical methods. Moreover, in order to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses and the conceptual model, the variance-based structural equation was used (by using partial least squares). The results indicate that all of 11 variables (human hazards) account for the city of Ardabil’s vulnerability (0/781). The high values of t-statistic and path’s coefficient Alpha are related to economic risk factors, diseases and street accidents, respectively. In addition, the results indicate that all of the human hazards discussed in this study (except fire) have significant positive effects on Ardabil’s vulnerability.Therefore, his study makes it clear for managers that they can not only reduce the vulnerability of the city, but also they can make the city resilient by identification and planning of the human hazards and the variables explained them.

The emergence Cities of the second great revolution in human culture, a prominent social phenomenon that causes a change in the mutual relations of humans with each other. Quality of life is a complex, multi-dimensional, time and place of the relative influence of individual and social values that are used in different studies with different objectives. The aim of this analysis of the factors affecting the quality of life in neighborhoods of the Zanjan city (neighborhoods Islamabad and karmandan). The research is descriptive - analytical use of library resources and data survey. The data entered into the software Spss and then to analyze the factors affecting from Criteria Decision Models, AHP and independent t-test and significant impact criteria used path analysis. First, the results suggest that social factors, cultural, religious, physical, environmental, economic and physical factors influencing the lives of the residents of the neighborhood have been effective, and secondly Physical indicators has the highest impact on improving the quality of life in neighborhoods

In this research, with the purpose of applied-development and with descriptive-analytical methodology, efforts have been made to analyze the challenges and deficiencies in the design of urban development from the viewpoint of strategic planning approach in Ahwaz metropolis. Therefore, two main questions of the research are evaluated as the priority of the challenges of the strategic planning stages in the Ahwaz metropolitan area and how these steps affect the realization of the strategic approach in urban planning in Ahvaz metropolitan area. The sample population of the research is 60 experts and experts related to the research topic. A questionnaire was used to collect data using a targeted Delphi method. The results show that firstly, based on the results of the fuzzy model, the structural phase of the design of the projects according to the identified challenges has the highest priority for improving the conditions among the eight strategic stages of the strategic approach in the metropolitan area of Ahvaz. Secondly, according to the results of the model of structural equations of AMOS, the policy making stage has a significant effect on the implementation of strategic planning approach in the process of urban development planning in Ahvaz metropolis.

The nomadic community is the country's third human society (urban, rural, nomadic), which has been strongly influenced by the political, economic and social developments of the society in the century recent. A group of this community has been settled and a group has chosen the continuation of nomads. It is very important to examine the difference in living conditions of both groups in order to strengthen the idea of settlement or migration. One of the important aspects in this regard is quality of life, which has recently been considered by researchers, planners and governments as one of the important issues. However, less attention has been paid to the nomadic community and the scientific research carried out in this area is more limited. In this study, comparative evaluation of quality of life of settled and not-settled nomads of Koohrang city has been investigated. A sample of 270 people consisted of 153settled households and 117not-settled households. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two settled and not-settled communities in terms ofsocial and physical, environmental and economic dimensions, with respect to the means and the levels of significance.Although there was not great significant difference between the two communities in terms of their meaneconomic dimension, but with significance level (less than 0.05), it was statistically significant.However, the nomads settled in all aspects of the quality of life are in a better position than the not-settlednomads. Also, the greatest difference was observed between the two nomadic communities in the environmental dimension.

Social security is one of the important elements of the power of civil society and serves as a complement to the survival of natural and human capital in the urban spatial development process, which emphasizes networking, trust and relationships within the community as a major contributor to urban spatial development. It is considered as a key factor in the development of urban socio-spatial development. Through social empowerment, collective organization, voluntary contributions to solving collective or public problems contribute to the social well-being of the community. As social security decreases, the incidence of disease and social anomalies also increases . On the other hand, poverty also reduces social security and, consequently, social health in society. By contrast, the increase in social justice leads to a reduction in class inequality and, as a result, increased social security and increased social security through the establishment of norms for health and the control and monitoring of high-risk behaviors as well as by reducing chronic stress and its negative consequences Will have a great impact on people's health. Considering that extensive studies on social security in urban environments, especially marginalized areas and informal settlements, have been carried out, but little research has been conducted on the impact of public safety on the components of social health, especially in informal settlements. Hence, this research seeks to assess the impact of social security on the social health of inhabitants of informal urban settlements,

Marginalization as one from problems urban and under the effect put to give Security social and provide to make substrate mass always you notice authorities urban and organizations respective been, target research present check and analysis factors effective on occurrence crimes social at areas marginalized city Kashan is. Method research - descriptive analytical is. Volume sample with use from soft the software sample power with level assurance 95 % and error probable 5 % 160 people (Household) consumption. Became that contains areas stagnant pump a farmer vazargah The neighbourhood arabs and township twenty two avalanche you can Be. To analysis descriptive and stan abaty Data from Test statistical T-Test At application SPSS and direction explaining and modeling effects also from modeling equations structural at application amos use respectively. Results the result from Test T marker meaningful to be effects social, with occurrence mass at area marginalized is. Analysis findings the result from modeling equations structural expresses This is that from among indices investigating it indicator Illiteracy and low literacy the most bar factor take with weight regression (97/0) at occurrence crimes to yourself assign data Is. After that base family with weight regression (0.95) at ratings second put has it and two variable unemployment and addiction for common with weight regression (0.85) at place third and fourth put have and finally factor lack of feeling belonging with weight regression (0.88) in rating fifth Put has it

Rural tourism, through its links with environmental and natural attractions and local communities, has significant implications for its positive and negative dimensions in human and natural environments. Therefore, in order to overcome the instabilities, principles and requirements of sustainable development approach should be applied in policies and executive programs in order to ensure the development of tourism in rural areas, especially the tourist destination villages. The purpose of this study was to measure the sustainability level of tourism development in the villages of tourism destination in Ardebil. For this purpose, using descriptive-analytical method, using the literature of the research, the operations of the concepts and variables in the questions have been addressed and its validity has been determined by the elite survey method It has been evaluated and its reliability has been calculated by 80% Corvenbach Alpha. Then, to assess sustainable tourism development, a network process technique has been used. The statistical population of the study is 11 villages of tourism destination in Ardebil. The results show that tourism development in the studied villages is in the middle level of sustainability. Among the dimensions studied, the economic dimension of tourism has been more stable than dimensions Environmental, social and infrastructure. There is a significant difference between studied villages in terms of sustainability of tourism development and Aladizge village has the highest stability rating and Sarabeh village with the lowest sustainability score.

Extended Abstract Introduction The prosperity of cities was first presented in UN-Habitat report, 2013, as City Prosperity Index. The report is a response to the multi-dimensional crises occurred in the recent decades in the world. This report defined urban prosperity and examined some multi-dimensional indices for that. Instead of evaluation of the one-dimensional economic factors such as production and income, this report has a new approach to evaluation of infrastructures, equality, sustainability, and quality of life. Each dimension contributes to having a better understanding of the urban prosperity. The cities in Iran are also faced with rapid urban growth and unbalanced urban development. The prosperity index can help assess the development and find shortages to devise solutions. Given that any society is consisted of the unique cultures, believes, and characteristics of that society, development in any society appropriate to its own characteristics is different from any other societies. This research attempts to review the criteria and indices of the urban prosperity to explain the pattern in Tehran City and also develop the structure for this city. The purpose of this study also is to tailor the indices to urbanization condition in Iran, particularly metropolis of Tehran. Methodology Result and Discussion

The leading research in the descriptive-analytical method, along with library and field studies, is an attempt to measure the potential capacity of branding of Bandar Anzali from the perspective of an external audience of a potential spot brand. In support of the first hypothesis of this study, based on the Friedman test with the calculated X2 statistic (73.435), and with a degree of freedom, 4, with 95% confidence, we concluded that the capacities and capabilities of the Antarctic, from the perspective of the mental images of the external audience, Becoming a branding city process. In the second hypothesis of this study, we also concluded that the elemental and spatial elements of Antarctica, in terms of the reminder of the name of Antarctica, do not have the same effects in the mental images of the external audience. Therefore, their effects will not be the same in the process of branding. Testing the second hypothesis by the topsis method has shown that natural elements or artifacts associated with seas and lagoons are the most important physical and spatial components that shaped the imagery of the potential audience of the Bandar Anzali brand from the city's name. Also, the competitive identity of an Anbar brand is consistent with three macroeconomic activities with the priorities of "Commercial and Maritime Transportation", "Tourism" and "Fishing and Fishing Industries" to compete with other urban brands.

Political organization of space and national divisions is one of the important issues that today governments and governments are seeking to manage the land and the political division of the country in order to achieve the balance and balance of space. Political organization of space is planned and executed on the basis of specific criteria and pre-determined goals in the country. Regional and territorial inequality is one of the issues that should be considered in the political organization of space.The Guilan province of the Caspian Sea has long been of great political and economic significance and is one of the provinces which is suitable for the indicators of political organization of the space such as population density,urban and rural settlements, etc. It is. Therefore,in view of the importance of the issue,the author of this paper, using descriptive-analytical method, after collecting data through library studies,uses matrix analysis method to explain the political-administrative divisions of Guilan province based on the political organization of the space of the country.Is. The findings of this research indicate that with the size of Guilan province, which is equal to 14711 square kilometers and less than 1% of the total area of the country,the relative percentage of the political divisions of Guilan province shows the decrease of the province's impact on organization. Political space of the country and,on the other hand, the relative percentage of the administrative divisions of Guilan province indicates the special position of Guilan province in organizing the political space of the country.