فصلنامه یافته
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 83، بهار 1399)

Functional movement screening (FMS) is a tool that could be used to determine the individual's potential for developing musculoskeletal abnormalities and sports injuries. FMS tests include seven functional movement tests that evaluate the trunk, power and central stability, neuromuscular coordination, and motor as well as flexibility asymmetries. The present study aimed at determining the functional movement screening scores in 15-17 year-old male students in Lorestan province.

The research method was based on the nature and method of collecting cross-sectional and purposeful data. For this purpose, 370 male students were evaluated by performing 7 FMS tests.

The mean composite FMS score was 15.16 ± 1.79, 16.15 ± 1.91, and 16.17 ± 1.75 in 15, 16 and 17-year-old students. It could be stated that the FMS score in this statistical population is better than the related studies in this age group. Moreover, the test pattern separately showed that 80% of the population lacked sufficient stability in the central region of the trunk.

In many sports activities, movements of the upper and lower extremities require sufficient stability in the central region. If there is no stability in this region, energy transfer does not occur properly. This age group is close to commence official sports competition. Furthermore, the clinical efficiency of FMS has been limited by the lack of score index in Iran. Hence, sports medicine experts and sports team instructors can use the values of the norm scores to identify the people who are exposed to the risk of physical abnormality and injury at different ages. Moreover, they can use them to schedule fitness and corrective exercises.

Nowadays, neurofeedback is used as a new method to improve the symptoms of ADHD and epilepsy. The effectiveness of this new therapeutic approach in various disorders has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of this treatment in patients with hyperactivity and epilepsy.

This study was quasi-experimental with pretest and post test and the control group. The study population comprised all the children with ADHD and epilepsy in Karaj. The sample consisted of 60 infected children (15 indivuduals suffering from ADHD, 15 people with epilepsy and 30 controls) who were selected by the random sampling method. In the pre-test, the behavioral behavior (executive summary) for children was completed. This tool reflects the teacher's view of student behaviors in the field of executive functions. In fact, it provides a tool for screening the performance problems. Executable executive functions in this log include inhibition, flexibility, emotional control, initiation, work memory, planning / organizing, inventory management and monitoring. To conduct the research, the beta / theta program was used for all the subjects. The aim was to increase theta waves and decrease beta waves. After completing 10 sessions (5 weeks and 2 sessions per week), the neurofeedback was run and the log was re-entered. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to analyze the data and the one-variable covariance method was used to infer the data. Spss version 18 was used to analyze the data.

The findings of the research indicated that the performance scores in the pre-test and post-test of the studied groups were significantly different )P<0.001(. Moreover, the effect of neurofeedback treatment on the improvement of executive functions in the ADHD group was higher than the epileptic and control groups )P<0.001(.

Based on the findings, neurofeedback is efficient but its effect is different in patients with ADHD and epilepsy. Hence, the use of neurofeedback is more effective in improving the performance of ADHD patients. These results can be useful in the field of overactive treatment using novel methods.

Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the most common diagnoses of mental health disorders in childhood, which is a recurrent pattern of negative caring behaviors, disobedience, rebellion, and hostility toward the power holder. It has a profound impact on the individual, the family, the school and the community. Hence, the protocol for training the mindfulness skills of children with oppositional defiant disorder was developed to improve the child's interaction with the teacher. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with oppositional defiant disorder and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the child-teacher interactions.

The research method was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. Sixty 8 to 12-year-old oppositional defiant children were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (interventional technique: mindfulness skills training and cognitive-behavioral therapy) and a control group. Measurement tools consisted of a Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire and Questionnaire CSI-4.

The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that mindfulness training and cognitive-behavioral therapy had significant effects on enhancing the child interactions with the teacher. Studies have also showed a significant difference between the increasing child-teacher interaction with mindfulness training and cognitive-behavioral therapy ((P =0.001).

The rise of child-teacher interactions in the cognitive-behavioral group is greater than the increase in the child-teacher interactions in the group with mindfulness training.

Some eukaryotic microorganisms, including flagellated protozoan called Trichomonas tenax, are effective in causing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study is to review Iranian articles on the prevalence of Trichomonas tenax in order to provide a comprehensive description of the prevalence of this parasite in the country.

To investigate the research articles on the prevalence of Trichomonas tenax on the Iranian population, a systematic search was conducted in Persian and English databases. The search process led to the inclusion of 9 articles into this systematic review, all of which entered meta-analysis.

In the reviewed articles, a total of 1,651 people had been examined for Trichomonas tenax infection. Based on the random effects model, the prevalence of this parasite in Iran was 0.07 with a 95% confidence interval (0.02-0.13) (P< 0.001).

The findings of the experimental study showed that the maximum Trichomonas tenax prevalence in Iran was 36.6%. On the other hand, the prevalence of this parasite is higher in patients with periodontitis than in healthy individuals. Hence, the parasite can be a serious concern for the health of the oral cavity. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of this infection using standard methods. Moreover, the factors associated with the prevalence of this parasite should be examined.

As a central activator agonist of the gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor, baclofen is widely used in the treatment of muscle spasms. The oral dose of baclofen in cramps is 40 to 80 mg daily. Poisoning with this drug occurs at high doses, but it occurred with 75 mg in the patient who participated in the present study.

 A 76-year-old woman with a sudden decrease in the level of consciousness presented herself. She does not mention a history of diabetes, stroke, hypertension and kidney problems. She has been taking oral baclofen tablets due to spasm of the neck and shoulder muscles, and has been poisoned after taking 75 mg.

We recommend that baclofen be administered cautiously in the elderly and in patients with renal impairment. Moreover, the patient or the companion should be informed not only about the signs and complications of the consumption of baclofen but also about the necessity of referring to the hospital promptly. Furthermore, the use of alternative drugs instead of baclofen is recommended to control the pain and muscle spasm if there is evidence of renal dysfunction.

Wound healing is the interaction of a complex cascade of cellular and biochemical actions leading to the restoration of structural and functional integrity with regaining the strength of injured tissues. Diabetes is effective in delaying the wound healing process in human beings. It has been reported that pyrozilidine derivatives bear antioxidant activity and antioxidant agents that accelerate wound healing process. The aim of the present study was to assess the activity of Methyl 2'-Methyl-1,3-dioxo-1,1',2',3,5',6',7',7a'-octahydrospiro[indene-2,3'-pyrrolizidine]-2' carboxylate (6) on the full-thickness excisional wound healing in diabetic rats. 

60 male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups of 20 animals following the creation of the wound. Group 1 (normal control): creation of the wound with no further intervention. Group 2 (diabetic control): induction of diabetes in the animals and creation of the wound with the intraperitoneal administration of 100 microliter DMSO (0.25%) for one week. Group 3 (treatment): induction of diabetes in the animals and creation of the wound with the intraperitoneal administration of 100 microliter of the synthetized agent (60 µg/kg) dissolved in DMSO (0.25%) for one week. Induction of diabetes in the animals of groups 2 and 3 was performed using streptozotocin. Histologic studies were conducted on the days 7, 14 and 21 post wounding. Planimetric studies were carried out on the days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 post wounding. 

The histologic studies indicated a significant decrease in inflammatory cells and a noticeable increase in fibroblasts (P<0.05).

It could be concluded that treatment with the synthetized agent (6) could increase wound healing rate in diabetic rats.

Since the application of certain methods to minimize the oxidative and microbial spoilage in meat products is economically and hygienically significant, further studies are required to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of plant extracts in meat and meat products.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of sumac extract in ground beef contaminated with multidrug resistance E. coli. Sumac extract was extracted by maceration method. The total phenol content of the extract was measured by Folin-Ciocalteo, and the total flavonoid content was determined by aluminum chloride method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by iron reduction test (FRAP). The antimicrobial effect of the extract was evaluated using well diffusion method. After the inoculation of the minced meat, the samples were transferred to the refrigerator at 4 ° C, and a six-day storage period for microbial tests including the total count, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, mold and yeast started.

The total amount of phenolic compounds was 290.852 mg/g, and the amount of flavonoids was 4.508 mg/g. The antioxidant ability of the extract was reported 380.79-744.04 µmol iron/mg. The results of the antimicrobial tests indicated that the minimum inhibitory and lethal concentrations were 166.66 mg/ml and 333.33 mg/ml, respectively. Adding sumac extract to minced meat samples significantly prevented the growth of all microorganisms. This activity increased with the rise of concentration.

It could be concluded that sumac extract is a remarkable source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds and might be used in food products such as meat and meat products.

According to the progressive trend of herbal application in modern medicine, various studies have shown several properties for Lavandula angustifolia essential oil such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Nano liposomes are able to enhance the performance of bioactive agents by improving their solubility and stability. The aim of this study is the synthesis nanoliposomal systems containing Lavandula angustifolia essential oil to achieve a greater efficiency in drug delivery and improve the therapeutic functionality.

The essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia was obtained by a clevenger instrument using hydrodistillation method. The essential oil was analyzed by gas-mass chromatography. Liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration technique. Nano-vesicles were evaluated by several techniques such as entrapment efficiency, size, zeta potential, release kinetic profile and surface morphology.

The nanoliposomes under the suitable conditions exhibited high entrapment efficiency of essential oil (60 ± 3.4) %, low average size (68.3 ± 7.28) nm, and an approximately neutral surface charge (-2 to -4.5 mV). The study of its releasing has also indicated controlled release by both 37°C in pH=7.4, and 42°C in pH=5.4 (63.98% and 87.63%). Moreover, the results of electron microscopy of nanoliposomes showed stability without a great increase in their particle sizes and spherical shape.

Based on the achieved results, it was indicated that the liposomal nanovesicles could be a suitable carrier for the delivery of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil in conditions of cancerous cells. However, further studies are required to identify toxicity on human cancerous and normal cells.

Given the increased awareness and knowledge regarding disease transmission, it has been established that specific diseases could be transmitted from contaminated swimming pools, river banks and sea shores via contact or swallowing contaminated water. The present study was conducted to examine the sanitary water indicators of the public swimming pools in Lorestan, Iran, and to compare these indicators with the current standards in Iran during the winter and summer of 2016.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, water samples were taken from all indoor and active public swimming pools in Lorestan, Iran, consisting of a total of 20 swimming pools, during the winter and summer months. Physical parameters (including pH, temperature, and opacity), chemical parameters (including the remaining free chlorine), and microbial parameters (including total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus aureus, fecal streptococci, and heterotroph bacteria) were examined. Sampling was performed every two weeks for six months. 120 samples in each season and 240 samples on the whole were collected following the standard sampling principles of microbiological quality control.

Our investigations indicated that the amount of remaining free chlorine was at a favorable level in 59.58% of the studied samples, pH was favorable at 67.07% of the samples, opacity was at a good level in 61.66% of the samples, and temperature was at an acceptable level in 77.08% of the samples. In none of the swimming pools, fecal streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus exceeded the standard levels. The total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, fecal streptococci, and heterotroph bacteria were at a favorable condition in 62.91%, 73.75%, 66.25%, 91.66%, 97.49%, and 82.08% of the cases, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was an inverse and significant relationship between bacterial populations and the remaining free chlorine levels. Moreover, there was a direct and significant relationship between bacterial populations and water opacity (p < 0.005).

According to the results, the parameters of chlorine levels, opacity, and total coliforms had the lowest correspondence with the standards, which suggests that the levels of remaining free chlorine should be continuously monitored and the pH of the water in the swimming pools should be constantly adjusted.

One of the most significant indicators of the evaluation of emergency centers is the calculation of waiting time for patients to receive diagnostic and therapeutic services. The aim of the present study was to determine the waiting time for the provision of services in the emergency departments of teaching hospitals in Khorramabad.

This research was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017. The study population consisted of all the patients referred to the emergency departments of educational hospitals with an emergency department in Khorramabad. Sampling was randomly carried out through multistage stratified sampling. A valid and reliable checklist was used to collect data, and the data were analyzed by SPSS- 19 by related descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

The three investigated hospitals had a total of 166 emergency beds. 70.6% (573 patients) of the patients had attended the emergency departments with one of their companions, and the greatest frequency of consulation was related to internal medicine specialists (44.5%, 361 people). The gaps between the triage and the first visit, the first visit and the first diagnostic action, sending the first diagnostic action and the medical consultation result, and finally the medical consultation and the outcome of the medical consultation were 8.37 minutes, 31.27 minutes, 9.6 hour, and 7.38 hour respectively.

Regarding the results of this study, it is suggested that the number of emergency department staff and related para-clinical sections increase, thereby reducing the waiting time of people to receive emergency services. Moreover, the authorities are recommended to increase the number of the staff of the night shift in the emergency departments.

Carotenoids comprise a significant group of natural pigments produced by plants and some microorganisms such as fungi. These useful pigments have beneficial properties, including the antioxidant property. The goal of the present project is to produce carotenoids by Fusarium oxysporum fungus and its effect on liver enzymes in male mice.

Fusarium exosporium fungus was cultured in a suburodecroserase agar medium. In this study, carotenoids were first extracted by the solvent method under optimal conditions of the solvent mixture of acetone, methanol and petroleum ether for 24 hours. The drying process of pigment extraction was carried out using Davis method. In the next stage, 24 male mice were randolmly divided into three groups of eight mice. Two treatment groups received carotenoid via intraperitoneal injection (16 and 32 mg / kg), and the last group received this product in the control group. 0.2 mL was of physiologic serum was injected intraperitoneally. Subsequently, heart blood was collected from the rats and liver factors were evaluated. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and all the data were compared using the ANOVA method.

The results showed that carotenoid extracted from Fusarium oxysporum fungus altered the activity of liver enzymes.The concentration of SGPT and ALP enzymes significantly decreased in the injectable group (32 mg / kg).

The antioxidant properties of carotenoids in thick doses reduced the activity of liver enzymes.This function is probably due to the antioxidant properties of carotenoids and the oxidative stress control and radical trapping of free radicals. Given the physiological similarities between the human body and mice, the use of high doses of carotenoids in food industries is recommended.