مجله جغرافیا و روابط انسانی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، بهار 1399)

A comprehensive strategic plan for the housing sector requires a thorough review of the broad dimensions of housing and its related factors. Addressing housing indices is the key and most important planning tool; in other words, the housing index is a tool for measuring housing status and its evolution, as well as evaluating the success of policy research. It will be housing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of quantitative housing indicators to determine which areas of Shiraz are more suitable than other areas in terms of housing indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. To calculate the housing status, after determining the criteria and factors studied, weights are weighted by Shannon entropy method. Then, VIKOR Multi Criteria Decision Making Technique is used to calculate the indices. The results show that zones 4, 3, 2, 1 are in stable condition, respectively; zones 5, 6, 7 are in semi-stable conditions and zones 8 and 9 are in the most unfavorable conditions. Meanwhile, zone 4 with coefficient of 0.011 is in the highest condition and zone 9 with coefficient of 0.15 is in the worst condition. The results of the study call for a special view of city officials and managers to improve housing conditions and indicators, especially in disadvantaged areas of Shiraz.

One of the risks that has occurred in many areas in recent years is the risks of subsidence. Iran's geographical location has caused many of its areas to be at risk, including the Pakdasht plain on the southern slopes of Alborz. Due to the importance of the subject in this study, the amount of subsidence in Pakdasht urban area has been evaluated. In this study, radar interferometry and Sentinel imaging were used to evaluate the subsidence of the area. For process information, SNAP and Snaphu software have been used to calculate the vertical displacement of the study area from 2018/01/08 to 2019/01/15. The results of the study indicate that the study area is lacking geomorphological barriers, in recent years, it has faced the trend of development of construction as well as the development of industrial and agricultural activities, which has led to increased exploitation and severe groundwater loss in the study area. Groundwater depletion has also caused a subsidence in the region so that, based on the results of radar interferometry, limited studies have been conducted within the 15 to 85 mm subsidence period over the 1-year period. Assessment of the displacement map of the area indicates that the highest amount of subsidence was in the western regions and the lowest in the southeastern areas of Pakdasht metropolitan area.

In the past decade, Khuzestan province has faced dusts and dust storms. The intensification of this phenomenon in recent years in Ahwaz has affected the health of students in the field of education. The purpose of this research is to determine the dust texture and its effects on the health of undergraduate students in district 2 of Ahvaz. The present study was conducted in january 2017 in Ahwaz, Iran. In this study, specimens of the micronutrients were totally weighed 300 grams. Samples were transferred to the Geology Laboratory for analysis, and analyzed. In the laboratory, an X-ray machine was used to determine the soil texture. The correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the concentration of dust and the illness of primary school students in Ahwaz 2 area during the statistical period by SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the germinal tissue of Ahwaz city is more than sedimentary and fine grained (calcite and quartz) and between two variables of dust concentration with the average student students of schools studied with having Pearson coefficients (0.891**) And Kendall (0.989**), there is a positive and stronger correlation. By increasing the concentrations of the rings, the diseases caused by it also increase. Considering the significant levels obtained in both methods, the relationship between these two variables is significant. Generally, with an increase in the concentration of dust particles and a smaller particle size, more students were suffering from the disease, and the prevalent observed prevalence of microscopic diseases among students was more than respiratory type.

Ecotourism or nature tourism is one of the tourist attractions based on natural attractions and has received much attention in recent years due to its importance in the economic development of the regions. One of the main factors for the development of ecotourism is the favorable natural conditions. The Gavandareh region is considered as one of the areas that have good conditions for development of ecotourism. This research is based on descriptive-analytical methods. The required research information is based on library studies and field surveys and the models used in the study include the SWOT and AHP models. In order to achieve these goals, we first identify the internal strengths (S), internal weaknesses (W), external opportunities (O) and external threats (T) of the study area. Then, using the AHP model, each of the criteria and sub-criteria is weighted and finally the most important internal and external factors affecting the development of ecotourism in the region are identified. The results indicate that among the identified internal and external sub-criteria, Indirect and indirect employment (O2), access to water resources (S2), provincial and region indexing (O1), infrastructure development (O5) and easy access (S1) are the most important Effective criteria for ecotourism development in the region have been identified.

The Influence of Personality Characteristics of Khoram Abad Relief Committee Staff on their Job Performance Hossein Agha Babakhani (Master of Education Management and Social Worker Assistant of Khorramabad Relief Committee) Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality characteristics of Khoramabad Relief Committee staff on their performance. The research method is descriptive. The population consisted of 118 staff members of Khorramabad city relief committee. Sample size was selected according to Krejcie and Morgan table (70 males and 48 females). The NEO five-factor personality characteristics questionnaire consisted of 60 items including neuroticism, extraversion, resilience, agreeableness, responsibility and conscientiousness; It has been used to measure employees' job performance. Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between neuroticism and extraversion, adaptation, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with the job performance of Khoramabad Relief Committee staff. Keywords: Personality Characteristics, Job Performance, Khorram Abad Relief Committee.

The phenomenon of dust in Iran has affected the lives of western residents, including the Khuzestan province, and has damaged the environment, health and the economy of the people in these areas. The effects of this phenomenon on the health of the people, especially children and students in Khuzestan and Ahvaz, are quite obvious. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tissue and effects of Dust on the academic achievement of students in high school girls in Ahwaz. At first, daily data from the dust collector from the Meteorological Organization and the statistics of the percentage of girls in the district of Ahvaz were received from the Education Department of Khuzestan. Pearson correlation was used between Dust Data and students' perceived acceptance percentage. Data was analyzed using software, SPSS, and Excel. The collected Dust specimens were also used to analyze and determine the tissue, to the geology, transmission and X-ray methods. The results showed that the percentage of admission of these high schools in this period was 0.28. High school students of Rezvan and Ferdowsi have the highest percentages with the coefficient of 0.63 and 0.50, respectively, and the forego and Mehr high schools with the coefficient of trend -0.004 and 0.03 have the lowest percentage of admission among high school girls in the district (1) Ahvaz city. The high school students of Farzanegan and Masoomeh with a coefficient of 0.703 and (-0.634), respectively, had a high negative correlation with increasing number of days of dust and with coefficients (-0.562) and (-0.546) negative correlation Good with increasing dust persistence. The tissue of the minerals forming the finite samples is mostly calcite, dolomite, quartz and the presence of calcite as the main mineral.

Dust is a dangerous factor for the life of plants, animals and humans. In Iran, this phenomenon has affected the lives of the inhabitants of the western country, including the Khuzestan province, and has damaged the environment, health and the economy of the people in these areas. The effects of this phenomenon on the health of people, especially children and students in Khuzestan and Ahvaz, are more than other areas and areas. The study area (Ahwaz) is located in the south west of Iran. The coordinates of this range range from 31 ° to 25-31 minutes northern latitude and between 30-48 and 48-50 ° east longitude. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of retrieval days and their correlation with the diseases of patient's students in district 4 of Ahwaz. The data from the microspheres from the Meteorological Office of Khuzestan province and the statistics of students with disturbances and diseases caused by dust from 4th district of Ahvaz city were collected by distributing the questionnaire and completing it by the elementary school students selected. The data were extracted from the questionnaires and entered into the Excel environment. Spearman and Pearson correlations were used between the frequency of days of dust and the number of patient's students. The software also used SPSS for processing, calculating and analyzing data trends, plotting and analyzing data. The results showed that in the year 2016, the frequency of dusty days is effective in increasing the incidence of complications due to dust, This frequency with coefficients of Pearson's 0/650 and Spearman 0/721* had a positive and significant correlation with the increase in the patient's students.

The pattern of drainage network is influenced by geological factors and due to their impact on the flood situation of the areas, their attention will be very important. Considering the above, in this study, the lithology and morphology of Kashafrood basin has been investigated. This research is based on descriptive-analytical methods and has been done in two stages. In the first step, using the lithology status, the sub basins were evaluated and the drainage pattern of each sub basin was analyzed in relation to its lithology and finally, the distribution of major and minor fault lines of each sub basin was calculated. In the second step, the linear parameters of the drainage network and the geometrical parameters of the sub-basins are calculated and compared. Subsequently, after calculating the above parameters, the sub-basins in the two Binalood and Kopet Dagh zones are compared. The results indicate that different lithologies have led to different drainage patterns in the Binaloud and Kopet-Dagh basins. Also the results of linear parameters of waterways and geometrical parameters of basins indicate their differences in Binalood and Kopet Dagh zones. In the study of the mean linearity of the branching coefficient, the values obtained in the two zones did not show any significant difference, but the lower value of this parameter under the Kopet Dagh basins indicates an increase in the rankings, which is evident by the dendritic and rank evaluation of this problem. An overview of the area can also be obtained by examining the mean Gravilius coefficients and the form factor below the basins, so that the watersheds located in the Binalood zone are more extensible, which can be used to investigate issues such as floods.

Urban population explosion has reached the stage in the less developed countries is increasing. In 1800, about 29 million people lived in cities with over 200 years of urban population reached nearly 3 billion people. It was not a hit, but the need and role of urban management has doubled. The present study aims to assess good governance in the management of urban eslamshahr is using swot, To achieve this, first the good governance of the Iran, between countries in terms of indicators of good governance was appointed by the world bank and then using the analytic interviews with residents and city officials were paid of eslamshahr and a list of the main strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities facing the eslamshahr manager in identifying and finally, to assess the relative importance of good urban governance highest priority strategies identified and presented in the of eslamshahr, research findings show that the vortex of of eslamshahr manager of the cell and the top -down approach has been caught and the inefficient management, structural and institutional weaknesses in the administration of the city suffers. Authorities and organizations responsible for the administration of the city to improve the situation and resolve the current situation should be to minimize and mitigate the weaknesses in the management and the exclusion of ethnic and sectarian prejudices and the participation of civil activism, urban areas in the eslamshahr to provide good governance.

Lakes and lagoons play an important role in human life, given their functions. This illustrates the dependence of humans on these water resources, while in recent years it has also been disrupted by the process of drying up of these vast resources of human life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of drying on Lake Urmia on Sustainable Economic Indicators (Case Study: West Dizjeroud Village of Azarbaijan Sarkhi). This is a descriptive-analytical research using survey and library methods. The statistical population of this study includes rural residents in the rural areas of West Dizjeroud of Azarbaijan Sarkhi. According to the 1395 Census, it has 12654 population and 2503 households. Cochran formula was used in the study population and sample size was 272.71 for more accuracy of 273 sample size. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the quantitative reliability of the questionnaire. The alpha value for different parts of the questionnaire was 0.70 to 0.86. In order to obtain the residents' viewpoints about the mentioned components, statistical tests of mean responses and variance and one-sample T-test were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between drying of Lake Urmia and economic components of research. Most of the effects of drying up of Lake Urmia on economic factors were attributed to the increase in poverty by -4.57 and decrease in employment rate by -3.59. The results of the one-sample t-test showed the positive effect of drying on Lake Urmia in the economic indicators of rural areas.

Flood is one of the most important and complex natural disasters that is the most frequent. Today's unrestricted population growth, land leveling, and occupation of rivers and marshes along with climatic and physiographic factors in major cities have led to urban floods. The purpose of this research is to map flood prone areas using GIS for Kamyaran basin. For flood risk zoning of 8 effective criteria according to the recommendations and guidance of experts of the city's natural resources and meteorological department including distance from rivers, distance from lakes, land use, area elevation, area slope, rainfall, temperature, distance from main uses Was. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model the information layers in Expert Choise software were weighted and then compared by pairwise comparison. Finally, after incorporating layers in Arc Map software, the final model of zoning of flood prone areas of the city was classified into five classes from very high risk to very low risk areas. The results showed that 12.7% of the total area of the city was covered by high risk areas and about 15.2% by hazardous areas, which mainly included the central and northern parts of the city (Gavorud River margin) and provided these areas for flooding and flooding Put alert mode.

In recent years, cities have undergone significant physical development. The physical development of residential areas in many cities has been limited, including Saghez. In fact, the geomorphologic status of the city of Saghez has limited it, so this study identifies areas that are prone to physical development within the city. In this research, in order to achieve the desired goals, five parameters (slope, slope direction, river, elevation, lithology, fault, road and land use) and fuzzy Fuzzy model and AHP were used. The method is that after preparing the information layers, the layer is weighted using the AHP model and then these layers are combined using fuzzy logic and finally the map of the amount of land fit for physical development. Residential areas are provided in four classes (very low to very high). According to the final map, areas of low and very low potential include the river unit and the high slope and elevation areas in the center and margins of the city of Saghez. Areas with high potential and high potential are mainly those of low slope and elevation areas outside the river. The overall results indicate that the study area faces many limitations in terms of physical development due to the river unit and the mountain unit.

Regarding the role and importance of water resources in supplying water resources and location of settlements, one of the tasks that are carried out in karst areas is the zoning and influence of factors affecting the development of karst areas. Accordingly, in the present study, the factors affecting the development of Karst and the zoning of this development in the Takab Basin (Sarouq) And the aim is to identify areas susceptible to Karst development with a geomorphological view. For this zoning, eight parameters of geology, rainfall, river, fault, slope, direction of gradient, elevation amplitude and temperature have been used. Accordingly, in this research, two methods of fuzzy gamma and AHP for zoning of karst in The studied basin has been used. According to this objective, in this research, two methods of fuzzy gamma and AHP for zoning of karst in the studied basin have been used and the results show that finally, by comparing these two methods in terms of the highest accuracy and The accuracy of the map with field observations, the final map of the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), is most consistent with reality in the region. So that the highly developed, developed and middle class has more than half the area of the basin and is geographically located in the southern and central parts of the basin, which are Choploo, Qoche, and Dorbash and district Takhtsoliman and the city of Takab includes.

The city consists of a network of consecutive spaces with different visual qualities. This spatial sequence is created in urban landscapes if human beings perceive distinctive spaces along one path and regard them as interconnected spaces. In urban design, street views should create an integrated visual and defined visual structure as well as an inviting and comfortable environment for pedestrians. To this end, this paper attempts to investigate the role of pedestrian sidewalks in enhancing the street view in a library-based and descriptive-analytical way. In this research, first, using field studies and documentation, the criteria related to consecutive views were extracted in the study site. The following is an analysis using the Swat method and the fuzzy TOPSIS method, in which a number of strategies have been determined using the Swat method, Following this, the prioritization of strategies using the mentioned criteria has been obtained during the fuzzy topsis process. The findings of the article show that the existence of contrast during diversity and coordination during the sequences of the path is the first step that should be done on the site in question. The impact of urban walls on people in the discussion of urban landscape is more than all urban elements. Glazing as a whole, and more than just the interplay of individual buildings, has an important role in designing the space that must go beyond design and as a quality volume, in terms of climate and cultural factors.

Earthquakes are one of the most important environmental hazards. Given that there is a high probability of aftershocks after an earthquake, it is important to identify suitable areas for temporary population settlement, for this reason, in this research, the potential areas for temporary accommodation in Sanandaj city have been identified. This research is based on descriptive-analytical methods and in order to achieve the desired goals of 6 parameters (near to the road, near to the open space, near to communication lines, distance from fault lines, slope and height) as well as the integrated model. Ferrari logic and hierarchical analysis (AHP) have been used. The results show that classes with very high and high proportions, about 41% of the urban area of Sanandaj. These areas are suitable for temporary accommodation due to access to open spaces, medical centers and communication routes, as well as lower height and slope. Also, according to the results, the classes with very low proportions and low occupancy are about 31% of the range, which due to high altitude and slope, distance from open spaces, medical centers and communication roads, the necessary fit for temporary accommodation.

Culture and the arts are among the most important issues in the age of communication or globalization, and vary from views of the threat of globalization to national, indigenous and local cultures, and the hegemony of particular cultures in the world to the extent that various cultures can play an active role. But what can keep national and indigenous cultures alive in the age of globalization is neither submission to other cultures nor resistance to blocking the entry of other cultures' effects and effects. Culture has tremendous power and motivates us to look for signs of the history and culture of nations, and this is the main motivating factor of the ambassador. If culture is embedded in all human heritage, ideas, behaviors, and experiences, when it comes to cross-border, linguistic, cultural, and political differences, this in turn increases cultural attractions for tourists. And it is these differences and cultural interactions that have made tourism more attractive and attracting tourists. North Khorasan can be called "treasure of Iranian cultures and ethnicities". The existence of various ethnicities, including Fars, Turks, Turkmen, Kurds and Baluch minorities, even Arabs, Turks and Turks with all their distinctive cultural characteristics, is the reason why this nickname is suitable for North Khorasan. The Turkmens, Kurds, Baluchs, Lor and Arabs each have their own cultural characteristics, crafts, traditional costumes and music, and this has made North Khorasan a beautiful treasure trove of cultures and cultural attractions. And the present study seeks to identify the culture and potentials of North Khorasan Province and will provide solutions to preserve the authenticity and culture of North Khorasan Province including: customs, local games, local proverbs and local lullabies.

Food security is a situation where all people have access to adequate, healthy and nutritious physical and economic food all day long. Today, the agricultural sector is heavily dependent on chemicals to meet the growing needs of the world's growing population and to provide adequate food. But this increase in production has always been met with many environmental problems, such as pollution of water and soil resources, pests and new plant diseases, malnutrition and disease due to declining food quality. The concept of biodiversity is also considered as a desirable goal in this regard and indicates the preservation or improvement of existing plant and animal diversity. In addition to food production, biodiversity has positive effects such as food circulation, pest control, disease and weeds. Agricultural biodiversity also plays a role in controlling land erosion and increasing the efficiency of the use of inputs. Variety of high species through differences in food cycle has increased soil fertility, which can eventually lead to higher yields of crops. In this regard, this article, which is intended to review the books and resources prepared by reviewing the books, examines the concepts of biodiversity, its role and necessity in food safety and health and also Provide the necessary solutions.

Today, tourism industry reckoned as the effective factors in cross-cultural alternation and has a great rank as the most extensive service industry in the world. diverse kind of tourism is welcomed by the tourists.rural tourism is a kind of cultural tourism,that include any recreational activity, leisure or receive services like food,residence or local products.this kind of tourism like all kind of tourism has diverse impact like:social,cultural and environmental.these kind if impact are effective in tourism society and local society.this research is done by the goal of study social and cultural impact of rural tourism from the perspective of the local community. In this qualitative research,researcher recorded interview and observation data also thematic analysis is the method of data analyzing and the population of interest is the residents of Tayeghan and Cheshmeali villages. Statistical sampling is chosen by purposeful sampling to get to theorical saturation.the result of research collected in 6 categories.

The Iranian zone has always been at risk of earthquakes due to being placed on the earthquake belt. The formation of large faults and the existence of active stress fields have made Iran prone to earthquakes. The purpose of the present study is to measure and evaluate the physical resilience of villages at risk of earthquakes (Case study: villages of Angirloo). In this research, descriptive-analytical method and survey information and libraries were used. The statistical population of the study consisted of villagers of Aynirloo, Akbarbood Gheshlaghi and Qizghali (N = 1642), considering the statistical population under study using Cochran's formula to extract statistical sample size (n = 311) with 5% error rate. For more accuracy, sample size 320 was selected and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the quantitative reliability of the questionnaire. One-sample T-test was used to assess the residents' viewpoints on the mentioned components. The results show that the physical resiliency of the villages with the highest accessibility score (2.92) and the highest quality of passages and crossings (2.16) had the lowest score.

the methodology of this article is qualitive methid and we are looking forward to discover the effective factors on iran image in germany tourist who participated in sixth seasonal school about water and sustainable developement.results show different factors we collected concept in some few category like: political issues,advertising,hospitality and . . . we choose purposive sampling and our data collection instrument was interviwe we coniniued till achive to theorical saturation( 11 interviwe around tourist dictum and factors get them image about ir before their travel) while some concepts and factors leed germany and tourist to visit and travel to ir another really holding back of travels and need more policy and planning to attract people.first of all our perpose was discovere the effective formative factors on ir image and informe about the role of indicators and concept to have better policy and planning in tiurism management and tourism policy ground .

Housing is one of the most basic needs of human life and the need to pay attention to housing and its planning in order to provide and estimate, is considered as one of the acute issues in developing countries. Weak economic management, lack of housing planning, rapid growth of urban population, lack of accurate statistics and information on the current housing situation have made housing in Iran a problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the status of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Shahid Bahonar town of Mashhad and to predict the required land and housing until 1405. The research method is descriptive-analytical, based on library-documentary resources, population and housing statistics and census, and field data. According to the results, in Bahonar town, the amount of proposed area required on the horizon of 1405 is about 6044920.95 square meters, which is about 95500443 square meters of shortage of residential land. In order to adopt the appropriate model of residential development in the future, Bahonar town has been proposed.

Worn tissue, in the sense of physical and social burnout, is the product of the interaction of social processes and geographical space. For this reason, the issue of improving and renovating worn-out urban structures has always been one of the issues and challenges of today's cities, which has led thinkers in various fields and city managers to try to improve and modernize it. The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the spatial-physical structure of the worn-out urban fabric using the strategic-hierarchical analysis method in District 17 of Tehran Municipality. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The required information is library and field information. In the analysis stage, first the values and data (strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and all indicators were extracted with the model (Swot), then based on the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), the relevant indicators were weighed. Finally, the most important strategies for organizing the worn-out tissue of this region were identified. The results indicate that the participatory intervention approach in the form of improvement and modernization in the context is the first priority of the intervention. Thus, the major parts of the texture on the outskirts of its main streets, according to the indicators and the extent of their distribution and the weights obtained from the opinions of experts, mainly require intervention in the form of improvement and modernization.

Iran has high environmental and climatic diversity due to specific geographical and climatic conditions. This diversity, along with its many comparative advantages, has increased the potential for various natural hazards. Landslides are one of the natural phenomena that occur in many parts of the world and often occur in places where people reside and operate, causing considerable financial and emotional damage. Landslide is considered as one of the slider movements that can bring damage. Assessing the potential for occurrence of landslide phenomena in areas susceptible to landslides due to geographical situation and human structures. This phenomenon has more potential for occurrence in mountainous regions. For this reason, there is a high potential for mountainous regions of the west of the country for landslides. In this research, we have tried to identify areas susceptible to landslide in the study area using a fuzzy model. In order to investigate and zoning favorable areas for landslide occurrence, geomorphological, geological and human parameters. Initially, the layers of information are prepared and then fuzzy and comparable with the use of experts. Finally, each of the layers in the ARC GIS software was combined with the Raster calculator command using fuzzy logic method and the final map was obtained. The results showed that Paveh has a high potential for slippage due to fault lines, river network, communication paths and slopes. There is also a high potential for sliding motion, with major parts of the south and southwest of the city. A set of factors above indicates the potential of the region for the occurrence of sloping movements especially landslide.

Today, many of our urban areas, due to their unplanned expansion, have caused the natural environment to be destroyed and destroyed, and this process has led to moving around and changing land use. The city's physical development is a dynamic and continuous process in which the physical boundaries of the city and its physical spaces in vertical and horizontal directions increase in quantitative and qualitative terms. Considering the location of the city of Bijar in a mountainous region and the existence of mountainous regions such as Naghareh kob and Mount Nasar in the urban area of this city, The research has tried to do this to provide areas suitable for urban development purposes using Orderwise Weighted Averages and network analysis. In order to study the potential of the study area have been used., Geomorphologic, geological and human criteria. The methodology is that after preparing the information layers in the ARCGIS environment, the data layers have been integrated into the IDRISI software and the zoning has been done in this software. After providing the information layers, the information layers are weighed through the network analysis (ANP) model and then combined with the averaging method (OWA) As a result, the areas prone to urban development goals are classified according to the ANP and OWA integrated model in three classes. The results indicate that the appropriate class includes parts of the north and northwest of the study area and the Bijar-Zanjan road, as well as the Bijar-Sanandaj road. Due to the low slope, proper communication position, proper use and distance from the fault line, they are highly suitable for the desired purposes. but the inappropriate class often coincides with the altitudes and hurdles, as well as river freeways and fault lines, which covers most of the southern regions of the study area.

Geotourism has received a lot of attention as a branch of tourism in recent years and can be considered as one of the important pillars in the development of regions. Due to the importance of the issue, in the present study, the geomorphosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been evaluated. This research is based on descriptive-analytical methods and has been done in several stages. In the first stage, the geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been identified using library studies, interviews and questionnaires. In the second stage, geosites have been evaluated using the Comanescu method, and finally, in the third stage, based on the obtained results, the potential geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been identified. The results show that among the geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Gandoman wetland geosite has the highest score with a total of 83 points. After this geosite, Spring Koohrang geosite with 82, Choghakhor wetland with 81 and Inverse Laleh plain with 78 points have the highest score. According to the above-mentioned cases, the geosites of Gandman wetland, Koohrang spring, Choghakhor wetland and Inverse Laleh plains have been selected as valuable geosites of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, which need special attention.

Evaluation of viability in urban spaces: Case study: Old texture of Khorramabadcity Abstract There is a growing focus on the concepts of sustainability, sustainability and sustainable development. Sustainability generally refers to the balance of environmental, economic and social goals. Bioavailability is also a subset of sustainability goals that directly affect community members and include local economic development, environmental quality, justice, access, security and public health, and social cohesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of the old texture of Khorramabad city with a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary-survey sources. The Vikor model and the Chi-square test have been used for data analysis. The dimensions studied in this study included social, economic, environmental and physical components. The sig rate obtained from the chi-square test (the relationship between the research variables) is 0.000, which is statistically significant. Keywords: viability, sustainability indicators, old texture, Khorramabad Keywords: viability, sustainability indicators, old texture, Khorramabad

This study is a descriptive-analytic research; it aims to recognize the obstacles on developing entrepreneurship among rural women that has been done as a case study in Jamrud rural district in Torbat-e Jam County. Data collection methods are documentary and field study. For data collecting in field study method, a census has been done for rural women who had participated in entrepreneurship classes (150 individuals). Validity of research tools have been confirmed by experts and academic professors and reliability of those tools has been verified by distributing 30 questionnaires outside the studied region and by applying Cronbach Alfa Coefficient (0.855). For data analysis different method have been used including Descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation and variable coefficient) and Inferential Statistics (Binominal Test). Study results showed that the most important obstacles on developing entrepreneurship among rural carpet weaving women are as follow: regarding social-cultural dimension, there are variables related to social restrictions for women's activities in the market (4.32); regarding technical dimension, there is inaccessibility to modern technologies (4.27) and regarding policy making dimension, there are a lot of limitations for women's independent economic activities (3.97).

Considering that the appearance of the city is the first representative of the city and also reflects the evolution and history of the city and urban furniture is one of the main components of urban spaces, which can increase the quality and efficiency of the space by their presence in any space. It provided comfort for the space. Urban furniture organizes a large part of the activities in the city and increases the quality of the citizens' enjoyment of the surrounding environment and increases their welfare and enjoyment in the streets, parks and other urban areas. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to measure residents' satisfaction with the situation of urban furniture with an identifying approach in the city of Karaj. The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature, survey type in terms of implementation, and field data in terms of data collection method. The results of the data study showed that urban furniture in this city does not have the desired beauty and fit, and the location of its furniture should be reviewed and corrected. And it can be said that another important factor in the design of urban furniture elements in this city is the discussion of culture. Today, unfortunately, our cities are gradually becoming more and more similar. The design of urban furniture components for each area should be done completely according to the culture of that area. Another point that should be considered in the design of urban furniture. An element of urban furniture should not cause the least harm to its user when used. Not using sharp edges and avoiding the use of harmful chemicals and dyes are among the general solutions in this regard.

Urban tourism is a factor that changes the space in places and times known for each city and metropolis. In fact, urban tourism as a user of urban space or weighting and focusing on part of urban space can be considered as an important factor. The more tourists use this space and facilities, services, facilities and urban attractions, the more space and structure of urban space tends to tourism. In other words, the structure of urban space is based on the structure of urban tourism. On the other hand, the importance and role of urban tourists cannot be considered without knowing the structure and urban space. In the present study, descriptive-analytical method, using the strategic planning process, while seeking the capabilities and functions of Miandoab tourism and in order to develop these functions, to provide solutions and determine practical strategies for the development of sustainable tourism, which aims to Its main purpose is to examine the requirements of urban management in the sustainable development of tourism with an emphasis on the economy in this city. Based on this, first a list of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities was identified. . The research results show that acceptable strategies in sustainable tourism planning in Miandoab are the first priority of conservative strategies and the next strategies are in the next priorities of planning.