نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، خرداد و تیر 1399)

The most obvious way to change behavior in children is play therapy. One of these methods is parent-child relationship play therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of parent-child relationship play therapy on quality of life in preschool children.

The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this study included all preschool children in the middle of the city in 2018. Among them, 32 people were selected by random sampling and were divided into two experimental (16) and control (16) groups. The intervention group was trained in 10 sessions 90-minute with "parent-child-based play therapy" and the process was implemented, but the control group did not see it. The "TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire" (TAPQOL) (1-5) was administered by parents of children in pre-test and post-test. Content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 20.

There was a significant difference between the mean scores in the experimental and control groups (P <0.01). Findings indicate the effectiveness of parent-child relationship-based play therapy in promoting the quality of life in preschool children.

Given the desirable effect of "parent-child relationship-based play therapy" on enhancing the quality of life in preschool children, it is recommended to use this therapy as one of the strategies to improve the quality of life of children.

Some patients with irritable bowel syndrome suffer from anxiety and depression, which can increase their pain and reduce their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of “Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS)” on pain, quality of life related to health, anxiety and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

This is a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group in women with irritable bowel syndrome in Dezful city, was performed in of 2019. 24 women were selected by purposive sampling method and divided into two experimental and control groups. Measuring instruments include the “Short-Form Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire”, the Questionnaire of “Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life-34”, and "Hospital Anxiety and Desperation Scale." Content validity and reliability were measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. For the experimental group, 10 individual sessions of “Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS)” was used."Data were analyzed in SPSS.24.

After the intervention, there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms pain syndrome (F=19.29; p=0.001), quality of life related to health (F=39.93; p=0.001), anxiety (F=46.89; p=0.001), and depression (F=36.62; p=0.001). 

"Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) " is able to reduce the amount of pain, anxiety and depression in women with irritable bowel syndrome and increase their quality of life. Therefore, it is recommended that internal medicine and gastroenterologists use a procedure based on "Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) " during treatment with health psychologists to treat these patients.

Job attachment is a positive and job-related mental state. Unsafe attachment is an indicator of behavioral vulnerability and causes low hardiness.
The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between job attachment and resilience with the hardiness of Takab city health staff. 

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study was all staffs of Takab health network in 2019. 173 staffs were selected using Cochran formula by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using "Job Attachment Questionnaire", "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale" (CD-RISC) and "Lang & Goulet Hardiness Scale".  Face validity, and reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha method and test-retest. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 26.

Correlation between job attachment with hardiness (P <0.01) and resilience with hardiness  (P <0.01) were positive and significant. Correlation of all components of job attachment with hardiness (P<0.05) was positive and significant. In addition, the correlation of all resilience components with hardiness (P<0.05) was positive and significant.

Job attachment and resilience and the components of these two variables were correlated with the hardiness of health network staff. It is suggested that the organization be attracted to people with a high level of job attachment and resilience in the workplace, in order to develop workflow and to solve internal organizational problems.

Suicide is a serious public health problem that happens in all cultures and eras. Suicide ideation and suicide attempt can be influenced by many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between childhood trauma and suicide ideation by mediating role of mental pain and object relations.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. Accordingly, 371 students of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In order to collect data, “Childhood Trauma Questionnaire”, “Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation”, “Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale” and “Bell Object Relations Inventory” were used. The validity of the instruments was limited to previous studies and the reliability was performed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS.22.  and Amos V. 23.

The evaluation of hypothetical model with fit indexes demonstrated that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.95, NFI=0.95, and SRMR =0.072). The results showed that childhood trauma correlates with suicide ideation both directly and indirectly through mental pain and object relations.

Mental pain and object relations play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide ideation.  It is suggested that the present findings be used in developing preventive and therapeutic interventions on suicide ideation and suicide attempt.

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects social, emotional, and familial functioning. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of "Neurofeedback" and "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation" on the Executive Function of Response Inhibition of Boys 6 to 11 years with Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder.

 The present study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and control group. The statistical population included all students aged 6 to 11 in Islamshahr boys' primary and preschool levels in the 96-97 academic year. The research sample was 34 people who were identified by the convenience sampling method among Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and by simple random sampling (simple lottery) were divided into two intervention groups and a control group (12 people in each group). However, one person from each intervention group withdrew. Research instruments  include the “SNAP-IV Scale”, the “Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (Fifth Edition)”, the “Conner's Parent Rating Scale”, and  “Go/No Go Test”. The validity and reliability have been measured in previous studies.Interventions included neuro feedback 20 sessions of 30 minutes (Three days a week) and tDCS included 10 sessions of 10 minutes with intensity of 1 Ma (two days a week). Data were analyzed with SPSS. 23.

Average response inhibition scores were improved in two measurements, with the largest change in the neurofeedback group being controlled on accuracy scores (12.04). Also, by eliminating the pre-test effect, it was determined that "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation” had a significant difference in accuracy and speed of execution and” neurofeedback” in the implementation speed score compared to the control group (p˂ 0.001).

Due to the number of sessions and the type of waves corrected, "neurofeedback" is not effective in improving inhibitory response. But "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation" is an effective method. Therefore, it is suggested that the "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation” be used to solve the above problem."

The core of diabetes management is self-care and patient education. Because motivational interviewing is an effective strategy for empowering the patient for greater self-efficacy and positive behavioral change. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group-based motivational interviews on clinical outcomes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

This study was a semi-experimental clinical trial with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group, which was conducted in 2019 in Zanjan city. Among the clients of the endocrinology clinic and the metabolic research center of Valiasr Hospital in Zanjan, 60 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were selected based on the purpose and based on the criteria for entering the research. Participants in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n = 15). Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, body mass index, and blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin test. Data were analyzed with SPSS. 22.

Blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and body mass index decreased one week and two months after the motivational interview in both groups with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.05).

The impact of motivational interviewing is an interventionist approach to positive behavioral change as well as better control of diabetes. Therefore, its use is recommended to prevent the irreversible complications of diabetes.

Evaluation in any organization is an essential part of maintaining and sustaining the organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the evaluation criteria of faculty members' performance.

The present study was conducted using qualitative content analysis method, in which 20 faculty members, specialized in educational management and evaluation and university departments managers were selected for semi-structured interviews. Sampling was purposive and snowball method. The robustness of the data was confirmed by participants and external controls. Data were analyzed using content analysis approach.

 Interview data consisted of 6 main themes and 21 sub-themes. The main themes include: research activity (3 sub-themes), educational activities (3 sub-themes), executive services (2 sub-themes), development (4 sub-themes), professional ethics (3 sub-themes) and ethics individual was (6 sub-themes).

The findings showed an in-depth understanding of faculty performance criteria in 6 main themes and 21 sub-themes. It is suggested that the findings of the present study be used to evaluate the performance of university lecturers.

In the field of sports, one of the theoretical approaches is the passion for physical activity, which is known to increase positive emotions in sports. The main purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of passion for physical activity and vitality with leisure time physical activity enjoyment in Tehran Municipality Sport Organization in 2019.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all employees of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, and the statistical sample was selected by the all-round method and 200 people due to the limited population. The study used "Passion Scale", "Subjective Vitality Scale", and the “Groningen Enjoyment Questionnaire". Formal validity, content validity index, convergent and construct validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculation) were examined. Data were collected with a questionnaire. Data analysis used SmartPls 3.0 .

There was a positive and negative significant correlation between harmonious passion  (P = 0.001, β = -0.57), obsessive passion (P = 0.001, β = 0.57) with leisure time physical activity enjoyment. But there was not significant correlation between vitality (P = 0.338, β = -0.16) with leisure time physical activity enjoyment.

Compatible enthusiasm and extreme enthusiasm with the enjoyment of sports leisure time have a significant positive and negative correlation, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, in order to create enthusiasm among the employees to participate in physical activity in their free time, undertake sports programs for some days of the week and in the form of family conferences.