مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 168، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1399)

Primary dysmenorrhea and its associated pain and inflammation is one of the most common complaints and problems of gynecological diseases in young girls worldwide. Scientific findings indicate that exercise and physical activity have a positive effect on this problem. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of menstrual cycle on the body image of female customers of sports clubs in Tehran.

The statistical population of the study included all female customers of government sports clubs (physical fitness and aerobics) for women in Tehran. 450 people were randomly selected and answered the questionnaires of premenstrual syndrome symptoms and body image. All instruments had a good internal consistency reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 statistical software and structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results showed that body image and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome during different weeks are higher than the average (3) of the maximum score of 5. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in the fourth week were more than in other weeks. The observed t-level (p ≤ 0.05) showed a positive and significant effect between body image and menstrual cycle in the third week.

These concepts go beyond the theoretical perspective and are a warning to the club management, who send their service messages to women: they need to know more about women's body image; Premenstrual stress apparently affects their behavior.

Lack of life expectancy of prisoners is one of the psychological problems in these people and the review of research shows a research gap in the field of effective treatments. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of compassion therapy and reality therapy on the life expectancy of male prisoners.

This study was performed using a semi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test design with a control group. From the statistical population of male clients in Aligudarz prison, 45 people were selected using targeted sampling method and randomly divided into three groups. The research tool was the Life Hope Questionnaire - Miller and Powerz (1988). Bavarian covariance and follow-up test were used to analyze the research data.

The research findings showed that both compassionate therapy and reality therapy had a significant effect on increasing the life expectancy of male prisoners (p≤0 / 001); Ben Freuni's test showed that compassionate method Therapy was more effective than reality therapy (p≤0 / 001).

Despite the fact that both reality therapy and compassion therapy are effective in increasing the life expectancy of imprisoned men, the use of compassionate therapy is recommended due to its greater effectiveness.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women, various studies have investigated the significance of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer, but there are always differences between studies in this case. Therefore, in this study, we compared two methods of staining of (H & E) and IHC on the differentiation of proliferative and neoplastic lesions in breast biopsy based on the agreement coefficient.

In this cross-sectional study, 81 breast biopsy specimens were carried out on patients with proliferative and neoplastic lesions who presented Alzahra, Seyedoshohada and Kashani hospitals in Isfahan over the five years, 2015-2019. The specimens were observed by two pathologists using H & E and IHC staining, and their level of agreement was measured using the kappa coefficient.

According to the kappa test, the agreement between the pathologists was significant regarding H & E staining (P <0.001, Kappa = 0.82) and IHC staining (P <0.001, Kappa = 0.95).

Both methods of IHC and H & E staining are standard methods and have scientific value. Moreover, the agreement level between the two pathologists was direct and significant in both methods, but the agreement level between the two pathologists in the IHC method was more than the H & E method.

Malnutrition is one of the major problems in patients admitted to intensive care units. Intestinal nutrition is important for patients who do not have oral intake. Nutrition in hospitals is often done through a solution prepared in the hospital kitchen. A study on nutritional value in hospitals in Mashhad was carried out to provide a clearer vision for the best nutrition in order to provide the nutritional needs for hospitalized patients.

In this cross-sectional study, the contents of the baking instruction in the hospitals were analyzed using Nut4 software and the existing nutritional value was compared with the standard RDI of 2000 kilocalories per person. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and t-test. (Significance level <0.05).

Mean calories, macronutrients and micronutrients were significantly lower than RDI standards. The average of vitamins, vitamin B12, vitamin E and vitamin D was lower than the standard RDI, but vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin K were optimal. The amount of iron, calcium, zinc, copper was significant. However, no significant difference was observed between manganese and chromium.

The gavage solution prepared in hospitals has been inadequate to meet the needs of patients. Due to the high use of hand gavage hospitals in our country, these recipes are designed to be of an acceptable nutritional value.

Mutant strains resistant to nucleoside/nucleotide analogs of hepatitis B virus (HBV) emerge due to the prolonged usage and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) incidence and escape mutations. The current study aimed to detect the selective pressures and the immune-associated escape mutation in HBsAg (S) gene in chronically HBV-infected patients.

In this cross-sectional study in 2013, fifty patients with chronic hepatitis B in Karaj were divided into treated and untreated groups. The number of virus DNA copies was quantified by real-time PCR and S gene was sequenced. The effect of each SNP on S protein stability was predicted with 1-mutant and DDG free energy estimation.

The lowest and the highest viral load in the serum samples were estimated 1.1 × 101/ml and 4.3 × 108/ml copies, respectively. The highest number of mutations leading to amino acid substitution includes Q101R, T115N, S143L, and Q129P was determined in one person who used drug was identified. In one patient without treatment, the M133T and L175S mutations were observed. The Q129P, S174N, and Y134C were also seen in others with a history of treatment. Of the 8 amino acid changes, L175S with DDG equal to 1.87 Kcal/mol had the greatest reduction effect on S protein stability.

According to these data, there is a relationship between the SNP of the virus S gene and the emergence of escape mutations. Findings of studies of escape mutations in human populations can influence the improvement of treatment and immunization against chronic hepatitis B infection.

Beta thalassemia is an autosomal, recessive disorder, characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. Chronic transfusions and inability of body to eliminate iron lead to an iron overload, thereby causing damage to heart. The pathways implicated in iron-mediated heart diseases are reactive oxygen species (ROS) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B(RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis-mediated inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate serum level RANKL in left ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction Ejection fraction (EF), Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP)and MRIT*2 in thalassemia major patient.

eighty two β-thalassemia patients older than 10 years were enrolled for the study. Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography analysis and MRIT2 was done in all patients. Serum RANKL levels were estimated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed with spss20.

Mean age of patients was 23.69±6.83 years. LVH and diastolic dysfunction was present in 24 (29.30%) and 23 (28%) patients, respectively. There were no association's serum RANKL with diastolic dysfunction, LVH Ejection fraction (EF), Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) and MRIT*2 were observed.

Cardiac involvement in this disease does not appear to depend on RANKL serum level.

 Neonatal jaundice is due to increased bilirubin and is seen in 50% of the term and 80% of preterm neonates. Due to dangerous side effects of this disease, prompt referral of neonates is important in accurate diagnosis and treatment. Meanwhile, the knowledge and attitude of mothers about neonatal jaundice is of great importance. So, this study was performed to assess the knowledge and attitude of postnatal mothers over neonatal jaundice in Tonekabon, North of Iran.

This descriptive observational study was conducted on 365 mothers, whose neonates were born with jaundice and delivered at Shahid Rajaee general hospital, Tonekabon, from September 2016 to May 2017. The subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to evaluate the subject’s knowledge and attitude about neonatal jaundice. Statistical analysis was performed suitably by chi-square and pearson correlation using SPSS 22.

In response to questions, mother's knowledge about neonatal jaundice was the most and the attitude over causes of jaundice in neonates had the least correct response. Among cases, 78.36% had moderate or lower knowledge, and 4.93% had less than a moderate attitude. There was also a significant relationship between age, socioeconomic status and mother's education with knowledge about neonatal jaundice.

Findings show the importance of increase in mother’s knowledge about neonatal jaundice, providing them helpful settings for education and promoting their life's level and style.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory nervous system disease. One of the areas that are affected in MS is the cerebellum. Disorders in cerebellar structure leadss to ataxia, imbalance, increased fall risk and so that can decrease patient’s quality of life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is the application of weak electrical currents (1-2 mA) to modulate the activity of neurons in the brain. However, The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) on fall risk and Walking Speed in woman with Multiple Sclerosis.

The study samples were 20 women with MS (30 to 40 years).  Patients received sham or real anodal tDCS of cerebellar for 5 consecutive days in a randomized, sham-controlled study. Main Outcome Measures: fall risk index and Time up and Go (TUG) (walking speed), were evaluated. Neuropsychological evaluation were conducted at baseline and immediately after the ctDCS and one month after the completion of the intervention.

Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for the intra-group analyses and inter-group analyses. fall risk index and Time up and Go scores improved in after active anodal tDCS only were improved in intervention group.

 These preliminary data support the notion that anodal tDCS of the cerebellar region combined with balance training improves fall risk index in women with MS. However, Future work has to evaluate potential benefits of cerebellar tDCS on fall risk in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Considering the widespread effects of hypertension on health factors and their impact on quality of life in affected patients and since the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise on physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system, have been proven, therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on the quality of life of patients with hypertension.

The study population included all patients with hypertension referring to the cardiovascular departments of hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during the winter of 1397. From these patients, 140 patients (70 active patients with hypertension and 70 non-active patients with hypertension) were selected through available sampling method. The inclusion criterion of the study was diagnosis of hypertension disease by a physician that they have passed at least one year of diagnosis. Individuals who had at least two sessions per week and each session had at least 45 minutes of regular physical activity were selected as active individuals. Data collection was done by demographic and quality of life questionnaires (Ware & Sherbourne,1992).

Independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean quality of life in active people with hypertension and those non-active patients with hypertension in favor of active group (P <0.05).

According to the results of this study which indicates that the impact of physical activity on quality of life in patients with hypertension, it can be argued that sport and physical training can be an effective treatment for improving the health and improving the quality of life of people with hypertension.

Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is one of the most common respiratory diseases in preterm infants. The main cause of the disease is surfactant deficiency and its clinical symptoms include respiratory distress tachypnea, cyanosis, granulation, and increased oxygen demand. There are generally two methods of administering surfactants, 1- prophylactic 2- Rescue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gastric aspiration impulse test on predicting the need for surfactant in neonates.

This study was a descriptive-analytic study in which all newborn infants less than or equal to 34 weeks of age had respiratory distress and clinical symptoms of hyaline membrane disease such as granitic, cyanosis, intraretinal retraction. And sub-ribs were studied and causes other than those listed are exclusion criteria and excluded. The sampling method was easy and data were collected from an oral interview of pregnant mothers, checking the files and completing the questionnaire. Data analysis software was SPSS v21 and descriptive statistics and regression tests were used for odds ratios.

In this study, 62 (68.1%) neonates were male and 29 (31.9%) were female. The mean birth weight of neonates was 1662±593 g and their mean age was 31.7±2.5 weeks. Normal delivery and cesarean section in this study were 35 (38.5%) and 56 (61.5%), respectively. According to the findings, diabetes mellitus had a significant relationship with hyaline membrane disease. Hypertension, addiction, corticosteroid administration, and gender were also significantly associated with membrane disease (P <0.05). According to the present study, there was no significant relationship between the type of delivery and hyaline membrane disease (P> 0.05).

Our study showed that the offspring of mothers with hypertension, addiction, and diabetes were less likely than others to have membrane disease and need to be given surfactants. The administration of corticosteroid drugs to mothers is also associated with the development of hyaline membrane disease.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic and refractory psychiatric neuropsychiatric disorder that often develops in childhood and leads to significant problems in the long-term. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was based on obsessive-compulsive beliefs and depression in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tehran.

Thirty individuals were selected from the statistical population based on non-random sampling and were divided into two experimental and one control group. There were 10 patients in each group. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with control group. Research participants responded to the Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs Questionnaire (2011) and Beck Depression Inventory (1972). Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (Mankova).

The results showed that both brain electrical stimulation therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, respectively, reduced obsessive-compulsive beliefs and depression in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Among the two methods of brain electrical stimulation of the skull and cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in reducing obsessive beliefs than electrical stimulation of the brain. But it has been shown to be more effective in reducing depression than electrical stimulation of the brain.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intensive interaction intervention on social stereotyped behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder.

 The method of this study was quasi-experiment with an experimental and control group and pretest, post-test. The population of this study included children with autism spectrum disorder that was selected by available sampling among the centers of autism in Ahvaz, Iran, and 11 children were randomly assigned to both experimental and control groups. The Gilliam Autism Scale (Gars) was used to measure the variables of the research. To analyze the results, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviations of scores were used and the covariance analysis was used to control the interventional variables in the pretest.

The mean and standard deviation of the stereotyped behaviors for the experimental and control group in the pre-test stage were (28.88 ± 6.88) and (24.66 ± 9.17), respectively, and these values were in the post-test phase for The experimental and control groups were (17.9 ± 14.5) and (23.72 ± 13.13), respectively, and in the follow-up phase, the experimental and control groups were (+/- 23.5) 63/19) and (35/9 + -81 / 23).The results of one way covariance analysis indicated that the method of intensive interaction on the stereotyped behaviors was effectful (P <0.001).

According to the findings, the method of intensive interaction is effective on the stereotyped behaviors. The intensive interaction method can reduce the stereotyped behavior of children in the autism spectrum by influencing tissue and environmental stimuli.

Athletes always use a variety of training methods and psychological skills to reach to their full potential. motivational self-talk is one of the ways that athletes use optimum performance.So, The purpose of this study was to the effects of motivational self-talk on self-Esteem, and competitive anxiety in elite swimmers female players in Isfahan.

This quasi-experimental study was performed as a pre-test, post-test with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all elite female adult swimmer players in Isfahan city. Using systematic sampling, 40 people were selected and assigned to experimental (20) and control (20 people) groups. Experimental groups performed three sessions each week of motivational self-talk program (Theodorusky, 2000) for 8 weeks, but during this period the control group did not receive any psychological intervention. Subjects in each group were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study by standard Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (1965), and Sports competitive anxiety (SCAT) for estimating the variables of the research. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis, multivariate covariance and Bonferroni's’ post hoc tests.

The results of this study indicated that the motivational self-talk factor has a significant effect on the variables of self-esteem and competitive anxiety in elite swimmer players (P <0.05).However, there was no significant difference between the amounts of motivational self-talk effects on these variables (P> 0.05).

Motivational self-talk improved the self-esteem and competitive anxiety variables, therefore, it is suggested that coaches and athletes use motivational self-talk methods to improve and develop exercise performance.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a series of repeated physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms that occur at the end of the menstrual cycle and resolves at the onset of menstruation and disrupts the function of the individual . Several therapies have been effective on it. Considering how the thoughts, emotions and emotions affect the growth or reduction of symptoms of this disorder; The   aim    of this research was to study  , the effectiveness of psychotherapy on reducing the symptoms of Premenstrual dysphoric disorders.

This design of the study is pre -test /post-test control group. The sample include 28 persons (14 group expermintal and 14 group control) of patient premenstrual dysphoric disorder the selected randomly and the were requested to answer Daily Record   of Severity of Problem chart (DRSP). Over 8 therapy sessions, each lasting 90 minutes cognitive-behaviour therapy  while the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical software SPSS (21) and Covariance analysis were applied to analyse  the data.

The  result of data  analysis  showed psychotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy approach caused the decrease severity of symptoms  premenstrual dysphoric disorder (symptoms of anxiety, depression and emotional symptoms) (acceptance and positive reappraisal) of experimental group of comparision to the witness group (p  >0/05  ).

The result of this study indicate the effectiveness of psychotherapy  in  reducing the severity of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Marriage is a divine institution. Marriage, as the most important and supreme social tradition, has always been approved to meet the emotional and security needs of adults. (Abbasi and Rasoulzadeh, 2009). The aim of this study was to predict the marital satisfaction of married female students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran based on the components of personality traits, excitement mediated by their coping strategies.

The statistical population of the study is all married female undergraduate and graduate students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 1997-98 and the sample number was 350. Non-random sampling method is available and voluntary. To collect research data, four questionnaires were used: Enrich Marital Satisfaction, Neo Personality Questionnaire, Zuckerman Excitement Questionnaire and Rezakhani Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics including correlation method, path analysis to provide a model, and multiple regression to examine the relationship between variables and the dimensions associated with each variable.

1. There is a significant negative relationship between the components of personality traits including neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreement and conscientiousness with the marital satisfaction of married women. 2. The results show that the relationship between the total score of excitement and marital satisfaction of married women is negative and significant.

The relationship between excitement in the components of adventure, empiricism, lack of restraint, sensitivity to boredom and excitement with marital satisfaction of married women is negative and significant and emotionism in the field of empiricism has a greater role in explaining marital satisfaction of married women.

Overweight is one of the problems in people nowadays, one of which is psychological, especially attentional bias. Different approaches have emerged apart from Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of tDCS and CBT on attention bias in overweight people.

The research method used was quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all overweight people referred to Aramesh Psychology Center in Tehran in year 2019. Using purposive sampling method, 36 individuals were selected and randomly divided into three groups based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean and standard deviation of age was 34.27±6.45 and mean body mass index was 28.12±2.23. The research instrument was standard attentional bias questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that tDCS and CBT were effective on The results showed that between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test tDCS on bias, attention to the component of life goals and the component of food (01.001, 0.001) and the mean of pre-test and post-CBT scores on bias, respectively The components of life goals and the component of foods (0.002, 0.001) have a significant effect, respectively. (05/0≥p). Also, there was no significant difference between the mean score of tDCS and CBT posttest on attention bias (component of life goals and food component, respectively) (p <0.299, p <0.441).

It seems that tDCS and CBT can be used to reduce people's bias in preventing the desire to eat more food. Given that this study has only been studied in one psychology center, it is suggested to investigate it in other centers to enhance the external validity of the research.

Anxiety are considered as survivors based on their new hair or new nasal nose and their aim is to study and evaluate them. Preoperative anxiety was measured in hospitalized patients in Peymanieh Hospital in Jahrom in year 2019.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 209 hospitalized patients in Peymanieh Hospital of Jahrom in 2019. Data gathering tool was Spielberg's demographic information and anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

Mean trait anxiety was 44.96 ± 7.75 and mean state anxiety was 44.54 ± 8.17. There was a significant relationship between preoperative anxiety and age and marital status. There was no significant difference between mean trait anxiety and men and women (P = 0.391, P = .492). But there was a significant difference between the average trait anxiety and single and married individuals (P = 0.006, P = 0.024).

The results of this study showed that pre-operative anxiety is not different in men and women, but it is more in single men than married people. Therefore, it is recommended to use various methods to educate patients and identify a well-designed educational program to eliminate the effective factors on anxiety.

  Physical  inactivity  is  an  important  risk  factor  for  ischemic  heart  disease  (IHD).  This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between occupational and non-occupational physical activity with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its risk factors in patients admitted in an emergency heart center.

227 male patients of ACS were randomly selected in an academic hospital. A questionnaire including individual, medical and occupational history was used for data collection. Occupational, sport and leisure time physical activity was evaluated by Baecke questionnaire. The studied population divided into mild, moderate and severe activity groups based on index of Baecke questionnaire.

The prevalence of the risk factors of IHD, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity and smoking, was 32, 18.5, 19, 11, and 34.4 percent respectively. Among risk factors of IHD only obesity and diabetes had significant relationship with occupational physical activity and dyslipidemia had significant relationship with both sports activity and occupational physical activity. While other risk factors of IHD and physical activity revealed no statistically significant relationship.

The results of this study showed that most of ACS patients admitted in the emergency heart center had mild to moderate occupational and non-occupational physical activity. Although the researchers couldn’t find a statistically significant relationship between occupational physical activity and ACS, but sports activity and leisure time physical activity can be effective in prevention of IHDs with decrease in risk factor prevalence of these diseases, specially diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complications of anesthesia that can cause dissatisfaction and stress in the patient and medical staff. On the other hand, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is one of the least invasive surgical procedures which can be optimized by reducing the postoperative complications. According to the above mentioned points, the present study was designed to investigate the supine and prone position on the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

This study was a clinical trial on 200 patients in 4 groups of 50 (group A: 3cc of Marcain spinal 0.5% in supine position, group B: 2cc of marcain spinal 0.5% + 20 micrograms of fentanyl in supine position, group C: 3cc of Marcain spinal 0.5% in prone position, group D: 2cc of Marcain spinal 0.5% + 20 micrograms of fentanyl in prone position). Nausea and vomiting were measured in recovery and 6 hours after the operation. The patient's heart rate and blood pressure were measured before the anesthesia and spinal anesthesia, after anesthesia, at minutes 10 and 15 of the operation, in recovery and after recovery.

The highest rates of nausea and vomiting in recovery were in groups A (44%), C (28%), D (14%) and B (12%), respectively. However, after surgery, there was no difference between the two methods of supine and prone position with different doses of marcain in terms of NV recovery (p<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two methods of supine and prone position with different doses of Marcain in terms of drug use during and after surgery (p<0.05). Meanwhile, hospitalization in group C (with a standard deviation of 1.73±1.81) was longer than the other groups. The highest mean systolic blood pressure was observed in the prone position and group D and the lowest was observed in the supine position and group A after the anesthesia.

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the highest rate of nausea and vomiting was observed during the transfer to recovery and the highest risk was related to the supine position. However, in other cases, there was no significant relationship between nausea and vomiting and other variables.

Gifted adolescents may suffer from depressive disorder both in terms of developmental maturity and special educational conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attachment and Emotion based family therapy on emotional depression in gifted adolescents.

The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups. From the statistical population of students studying in Tehran's gifted schools, 40 people were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two groups. The research questionnaire included Akhenbach's internalization problems. Family, attachment, and emotion therapy were applied for ten sessions of the research groups. The research data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance.

The results of repeated measurement of variance analysis showed that post-test scores of attachment-based family therapy group were significantly lower than emotional family-based therapy (P≤0/001). Couples' comparisons also showed that the effect of family program dependence on attachment on persistent depression.

In order to improve the mental state and especially the depression of gifted adolescents, a family-based treatment program can be used.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of a training course designed to reduce weight and health in order to raise awareness and nutritional knowledge, as well as increase people's motivation to have the right weight and also change people's attitudes towards food consumption, all of which It leads to a healthy and quality life.

This research has been done in the region of Tehran. There were 20 participants in the study and they were randomly selected. In this study, data collection and assessment method was a question in which a data section of the sample (sample) was tested twice as a pre-test and post-test with a tool (questionnaires for weight loss motivation, nutritional awareness and anxiety). The reliability of the instrument has been confirmed by the internal retesting and validation method of the instrument by Cronbach's alpha method. The training course with an adaptive approach included 6 training sessions. To answer the four questions of this study, statistical test to compare pre-test and post-test scores with distance and relative scale of T-pair test (correlated) and to compare pre-test - post-test information with nominal level of two-category accuracy. McNemar's non-parametric test was used.

The findings show that the training method designed to improve nutritional awareness, weight loss motivation and performance is effective. However, people's attitudes towards the proper consumption of food before and after the educational intervention did not show any difference.

In general, education raises people's awareness of having a safe margin of health in life.

Irrational beliefs can negatively affect both academic achievement and students' lifestyles, yet there are no native tools to measure it. Considering the importance of native and contextual tools, the purpose of this study was to construct and standardize the Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (Iranian version).

This research was a developmental and exploratory research. The study population was all undergraduate and postgraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran in the first semester of the academic year 1398-98. 265 samples were selected from this community using stratified random sampling. A 109-item questionnaire was developed and completed by students. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the number of factors in the questionnaire.

The varimax rotation showed that the irrational beliefs questionnaire consisted of six components of self-esteem, irrational fears about self-esteem, irrational self-esteem, excessive sadness, belief in external control, and belief in external factors with 41 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated that all components of the questionnaire were validated and the total reliability was 0.910. The correlation coefficient showed that the components of the questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency and also the correlation coefficient of the components of the questionnaire with the components of critical thinking showed that the questionnaire of irrational beliefs had acceptable convergent validity.

By constructing tools and identifying irrational beliefs in individuals, educational support, counseling and interventions can support many people.

Systemic toxicity with topical anesthetics is a high-risk complication that may occur with the use of anesthetics in various ways (oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous). Topical anesthetics have been used in many clinical cases over the past 50 years. Its use is not limited to anesthesia or surgery and is widely used in emergency or internal medicine procedures. Despite its widespread use, many physicians are not aware of its harmful side and treatment of these side effects. We have reported a 21-year-old woman with a history of suicide repeatedly who was ingested approximately 3 sprays of lidocaine orally and was admitted with intentional lidocaine intoxication. Patient has had Cardio- Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 2 times and is discharged home after 10 days with good general condition.

Given that lack of awareness about marriage and lack of sufficient information leads to the separation of couples, so the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the counseling pattern of divorce prevention on marital satisfaction in early marriages.

The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of divorce applicants referring to the Mashhad judiciary.The sampling method was targeted and available according to the entry and exit criteria, including under 18 years of age.The statistical sample was 30 people who were randomly divided into 15 experimental and control groups.The research instruments consisted of a marital satisfaction questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire of demographic information.In order to analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation were used and in the inferential statistics section, analysis of covariance was used. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Version 24 SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

The research findings showed that the effect of pre-test on post-test is significant (F=92.75, P≥0.05) Also, after eliminating the effects of pre-test, the differences due to group membership are significant (F=60.83, P≥0.05) considering that the effect of experimental action is 0.62. There is a significant change in the control and experimental group.

The couple's enjoyment of "premarital counseling" and "pre-divorce counseling" can play an important role in the success of a marriage.In other words, pre-divorce counseling can increase a couple's marital satisfaction.

Having a sense of flying and earning a job, such as piloting, can be due to certain personality and emotional characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare personality traits and emotional intelligence high risk and low risk individuals.

The research method was applied in terms of purpose and comparative in terms of methodology. The statistical population of this study included passenger pilots and helicopters working in airlines and military and law enforcement forces. The sample size in this study was determined for group’s of up to 133 people. Sampling was performed in an accessible manner. The research tools were a neo-short personality questionnaire and a shot emotional intelligence.

According to the calculated t values and their significance level, the difference between the average helicopter pilots and passenger pilots is significant except for being open to experience in all aspects of personality (p≤0 / 005) and emotional intelligence (p≤0 / 001).

Passenger pilots had more psychoanalysis, but extraversion, agreement, conscientiousness, and emotional intelligence of helicopter pilots were higher.

Increased Mafa expression with increased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and consequent improvement in glycemic profile in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of resistance on Mafa expression in pancreas tissue, glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetes rats.

The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of the pastor inistitue of Iran, among which 14 were male rat 10 weeks old weighting 220 ± 20 g. Type 2 diabetes induced by Intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamid + STZ. Then rats divided randomly into resistance (6 weeks, 5 times/weekly, n=7) and control (n=7) groups. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and Mafa expression in Pancreas tissue of both groups were measured after lasted exercise and compared between 2 groups by independent T test.

Resistance training significantly reduced fasting glucose and significantly increased serum insulin levels compared with the control group. Resistance training also increased Mafa expression in pancreatic tissue( p>0/0001).

Based on these data, increased serum insulin in response to resistance training in T2D rats may be attributed with increased Mafa expression in pancreas tissue.

 The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effect of social skills training through sand play and storytelling on reducing aggression in 5-6 year-old children with aggressive behaviors in Ahvaz.

 This study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design (two experimental and one control group). The statistical population of this study consisted of all 5-6 year old kindergarten children in Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 75 participants (27 in the first experimental group, 23 in the second experimental group and 25 in the control group) who were randomly selected. The sandboxing method was provided for the first experimental group and 10 sessions of social skills training through storytelling for the second experimental group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc tests,

 The results showed that social skills training through sand play and storytelling had a significant effect on reducing aggression in students.

 The Results also showed that storytelling training method was more effective in reducing verbal aggression in girls than boys, and sand play training method was more effective in reducing physical aggression in boys than in girls.