نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 139، خرداد و تیر 1399)

Fingolimod was the first oral drug in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in its recurrent form, which was approved in 2013 in Iran and has made patients better tolerant to treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and pharmacological side effects of Fingolimod in the follow-up of 3-year-old patients with multiple sclerosis.

The present study was a clinical trial. The study population included 28 patients with RRMS disease referred to the clinic of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Kermanshah. The patients took one oral capsule of Fingolimod daily for 36 months, and in the three-month period for 36 months after the onset of Fingolimod in terms of recurrence, progression of disability, and possible side effects of the drug were examined and they were followed up. After a period of 36 months, 28 patients were analyzed and 7 (2 due to medication, 1 due to immigration and 4 due to disability) were dropped out of the study. The EDSS questionnaire was completed for patients in each care period. Data were analyzed using Colomogram Smirnov, Kay Do and Variance analysis statistics.

The mean age was 23.67±7.31 and the mean duration of the disease was 6.89±3.47 years. The mean frequency of recurrence of MS before the intervention was 1.94±1.28 and in the first year after the intervention, it was 0.37±0.68, in the second year 0.5±0.63 and in the third year it was reduced 0.32±0.47. 88.9% patients had not progress in EDSS, 75% had no recurrence and 58.2% had no new lesions or an increase in the size of the lesions on MRI II. The frequency of GAD lesions was significantly reduced after the intervention (p=0.03). White blood cells had a decreasing trend in patients (p=0.0001) and two patients were discontinued due to leukopenia and increased liver enzymes, and no severe complication was reported in other patients.

Fingolimod was a suitable alternative for the treatment of RRMS. In addition to the high efficacy, relatively acceptable side effects of the study with a larger sample size are essential for a more informed assessment of the benefits and risks of this drug for recurrence.

In recent years study of medicinal plants in order to discover new pharmaceutical supplies against microbial strains has been considered very much. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of shoot aqueous and ethanolic extracts of purple coneflower against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

This experimental study was conducted in 2018 at Bu- Ali Sina University. Maceration method and solvent of water and ethanol at a ratio of 1 to 5 used for extraction. The total phenolic contents of the extracts were measured by Folin-ciocalteau method. Then, the amount of cichoric acid of purple coneflower was determined using by high performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity of different concentration of extracts were assessed by diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and compared with synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The micro-organisms investigated in this study were:  Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria innocua, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri. The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was tested by pour plate, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. Also interaction of these extracts was also studied by FICindex determination using modified dilution checkboard method. Experimental data were analyzed using ANOVA by the SPSS version 20 software and mean comparison were done using the t-test and Duncan's multiple range test.

The results showed that the ethanolic extract had the highest total phenolic content and cichoric acid. The ability of purple coneflower aqueous and ethanolic extracts in scavenging free radicals was found to be higher in the ethanolic extract with a concentration of 3000 μg/ml. The aqueous extract of purple coneflower at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/ml has no inhibitory effect on gram negative bacteria growth. The maximum diameter of inhibition zone of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of this plant in a concentration of 400 mg/ml pertained to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum zone diameter in this concentration was associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, purple coneflower extracts showed greater inhibitory effect on gram positive bacteria in comparison with gram negative bacteria. Also the results showed that ethanolic extract had greater inhibitory effects on the strains studied compared to aqueous extract. The MIC of purple coneflower ethanolic extract ranged from 16 to 256 mg/ml, depending on the type of bacteria (gram positive or gram negative).

These findings showed that ethanolic extract of purple coneflower has antimicrobial effects on gram positive bacteria and can substitute for chemical preservatives.
Key words: Purple coneflower extract, Phenolic compounds, Cichoric acid, Antimicrobial activity, Radical scavenging

Methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is one of the fuel oxygenated additive that is used to reduce the environmental pollution resulting from engine combustion. This study was carried out to evaluate the acute (1 day) and subchronic (30 days) effects of MTBE on some fertility indices in the male rats.

In this study, under two separate experiments (acute and subchronic),the effects of oral MTBE on fertility indices were evaluated in the male rats. In the first experiment (acute), 15 rats and in the second experiment (subchronic), 25 rats were classified to 5 sub groups (control, sham, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day MTBE). At the end of each experiment, some of the sperm quality parameters (motility, viability and total count) were evaluated.

The results of this study showed that  in subchronic experiment, peanut oil as a solvent of MTBE had a significant effect on sperm motility percentage (p<0.05). After multivariate linear regression it was found that oral administration of MTBE at the target concentrations for 30 days had no significant effect on sperm motility, sperm viability and total sperm count (p˃0.05). In addition, the results showed in acute experiment,  MTBE had no significant effect on fertility indices (p˃0.05).

The present study showed that oral administration of MTBE in both short and medium term periods had no positive or negative effects on fertility indices in the male rats.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent leukemia in adults living in Western countries. with a diverse clinical course that due to life expectancy less than two years between patients finding ,new therapeutic strategies is essential for it. Curcumin as the biologic active of turmeric, has many biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities. In this study, the effect of curcumin on bioavailability and PML gene expression of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line (CLL-CII) examined.

In this experimental study the CLL-CII cells in three groups of control, placebo  and treated with different concentrations of curcumin 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μM for 24, 48 and 72 hours to examine bioavailability, and the expression of PML gene, were incubated. The Bioavailability was analyzed by ELISA reader using MTT kit and the expression of PML gene were analyzed by RT-Real Time PCR. 

The results of this study indicate that the concentration of 2.5 μm from curcumin significantly decreases the Bioavailability of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in comparison with other experimental groups at all three times of incubation. Also, treatment with curcumin significantly decreased the expression of PML gene in all experimental groups compared to control and placebo groups (P=.032).

Due to the Inhibitory effect of curcumin on the growth, proliferation and invasion of lymphocytic leukemia cells as well as on the potential function of PML-RARα oncogene in these cells by decreasing PML gene expression, it seems that the use of turmeric active ingredient (curcumin) in the prevention and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia will have a satisfactory results.

Nonylphenol (NP) has been known as an immunosuppressant agent, and reported to induce oxidative stress, to impact gonadal cells nucleus and to reduce the fertilizing potential. Therefore, present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Satureja Khuzestanica, as a potential antioxidant, on in vitro fertilized embryos development following exposure to NP. 

40 mature female mice, aged 6-8 weeks, divided into 4 groups. The control  group received corn oil orally and the test groups were treated with NP (225mg/kg), SKEO (225 mg/kg), NP+SKEO (450mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days orally by gavages.  PMSG and HCG were administrated for stimulating the superovulation process. The sperms were obtained from 6 mature male mice. Following oocyte collection in-vitro fertilizing was performed using HTF+4mgBSA medium. The fertilized oocytes were incubated for 120 hours and embryo development were studied. 2 proportion test was used for statistical analyses. (p<0.05)

The NP-treated animals showed significant changes in all parameters of oocyt quality compared to the control group (p<0/05). SKEO was able to protect from NP-induced effects on oocyte maturity. In contrast, co-administration of SKEO significantly improved the oocyte quality and quantity. Therefore, SKEO interferes with NP-induced reproductive toxicity through its antioxidant potential and androgenic activity (p<0/05). Mice treated with Nonyl phenol showed decreased fertilization rate, percentage of 2 cells embryos, blastocysts and embryo quality. Administration of SKEO significantly increased the fertilization rate, percentage of 2 cells embryos, blastocysts and embryo quality compare with NP group.

The Satureja Khuzestanica co-administration with NP resulted in significant improvement in fertilizing potential and promoted the embryo development.

Interval exercises are a way to improve exercise performance. Oxidative stress caused by interval exercises and stress on the immune system is possible induced apoptosis change in indicators Bax and Bcl-2. Resveratrol may be effective in reducing apoptosis induced by interval exercises. The present study investigates the simultaneous use of resveratrol and interval exercises on apoptosis.

In this experimental study, 48 rats were prepared in 4 groups: control, interval exercises, resveratrol supplement + interval exercises, resveratrol, were placed randomly. Resveratrol solution to resveratrol and resveratrol + interval exercises groups, for 8 weeks, about every day 24mg/ml was corroded. The treadmill interval training program was considered 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the course blood obtained. to measure apoptosis indices Bax and Bcl-2. Indicators with software spss22 and statistical tests of mean, standard deviation and one way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-test tests were analyzed.

Results showed the mesn of Bax and Bcl-2 were below on control group and resveratrol than interval training and interval training± resveratrol (Bax, control:0.29±19 , resveratrol:1.26±0.13, interval training: 1.99±0.31, interval training± resveratrol: 1.43±0.84 ) (Bcl-2, control:0.43±13 , resveratrol:2.01±0.65, interval training: 1.19±0.19, interval training± resveratrol: 1.72±0.25 ) . The use of resveratrol causes a significant reduction Bax and Bcl-2( P = 0.000 ) on resveratrol and interval training± resveratrol.

The results of this study showed resveratrol is effective in controlling apoptotic indices. The possibility of exercise is also affected on factors apoptosis, prevent cell death and balance between Bax and Bcl-2.

Several investigations have evaluated the association of miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-27a rs895819 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the findings are conflicting and inconclusive. Therefore, this meta-analysis performed to investigate the association between these polymorphisms and T2D risk.

Studies were identified via a systematic search of the PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus and Sciencedirect databases up to June 2, 2019. A total of 2069 cases and 1947 controls for miR-146a rs2910164 and 1090 T2D and 966 non-diabetic subjects for miR-27a rs895819 were included in this meta-analysis by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Our results indicated that there were no significant association between miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-27a rs895819 variants and the T2D risk (P>0.05).

This meta-analysis showed that these polymorphisms were not significantly associated with T2D. Further studies with large sample size in more diverse geographically regions are needed to improve these findings.

Impulsivity, which is one of the most important behavioral indicators of addicted people, despite its importance has been studied less frequently. So, regarding the importance of investigating this variable, the present study aimed to investigating the intermediate role of substance use indices in relation between trait impulsivity and emotional dysregulation with state impulsivity in chronic methamphetamine users.

Present research belongs to analytical cross-sectional studies. Statistical population consisted of all methamphetamine users men who were settled in addiction treatment camps of Tehran city. From this statistical population a sample included of 300 individuals was selected through available sampling and were assessed employing information sampling task, difficulties in emotional regulation scale, and short form of five-factor impulsive behavior scale. Data were analyzed based on correlation test and path analysis using SPSS and Mplus softwares.

The findings showed that the proposed model has a good fitness with the data (RMSEA=0.01, SRMR=0.01, TLI =1, CFI=1, χ2/df=0.04). Methamphetamine use duration (β=0.12, P<0.05), abstinence duration (β=-0.28, P<0.01), difficulty in goal-directed behavior (β=0.20, P<0.05), difficulty in impulse control (β=-0.20, P<0.05), and lack of emotional clarity (β=-0.18, P<0.05) had significant direct effect, and difficulty in goal-directed behavior (β=0.05, P<0.05), difficulty in impulse control (β=-0.05, P<0.05), lack of premeditation (β=-0.06, P<0.05), and sensation seeking (β=0.03, P<0.05) had significant indirect effect on state impulsivity.

Dimensions of the trait impulsivity and emotional dysregulation directly or indirectly affect the amount of the state impulsivity in methamphetamine users. Methamphetamine use duration and abstinence duration not only have direct effect on state impulsivity, but also moderate and mediate the effects of other variables on this variable respectively.

Surgical procedures containing structures next to the mandibular canal need accurate knowledge of the intraosseous trajectory of this anatomical landmark to prevent iatrogenic injuries to this site.

In this study, CBCTs of 101 patients were evaluated and classified by sex, age and presence or absent of bifurcation. The type of bifurcation was identified using of classification of Langlais and Correr.

According to Langlais et al classification 50% of cases were type 1(1u) and 50% type 2(2uc) and based on Corer et al classification 2 cases were type B (20%) and 8 cases were type D (80%). BMC frequency was 9.9%.

BMC frequency was 9.9% that was significant. Also, in this study BMCSs was more frequent in females than males (P value was 0.04).

Caesarean scar pregnancy is rare and delay in diagnosis and treatment is associated with maternal complications, but diagnostic and treatment methods are under investigation due to its rare and there is not standard protocol for manage Caesarean scar pregnancy. The purpose of this case report study is to provide early diagnosis and treatment Caesarean scar pregnancy.

A 34-year-old woman, gravid 2, gestational age of 8 weeks and 3 days, and history of one cesarean section with a complaint of spotting and severe abdominal pain went to the hospital. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin was reported (β-hCG), 5600 mIU / ml. In a transvaginal ultrasonography of a gestational sac containing internal echoes without embryonic pole was seen in the previous cesarean section and in color doppler of blood flow around the gestational sac. The patient was followed for 3 days the ectopic pregnancy spontaneous abortion or to reduce the size of the gestational sac in the hospital, but dilatation and suction curettage and hysteroscopy resection was performed due to increased β-hCG. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the first β-hCG, 191 mIU / ml was reported, the next evaluation was carried out in two stages with 48-hour intervals and the rate of β-hCG had a decreasing trend. Then, one week later, it was reexamined and the rate of β-hCG was reached to 30 mIU / ml. After eleven days of follow up due to the decrease of β-hCG, the follow-up was stopped.

In the present patient, the caesarean scar pregnancy was diagnosed with transvaginal ultrasonography in the early stages and proper treatment with dilatation and suction curettage and hysteroscopy resection was performed.