فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 57، زمستان 1398)

Evidence suggests that pathological narcissism involves grandiose and vulnerable phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to compare the defensive styles and the self-conscious affects of shame and guilt in these two types of narcissism and compare it with ordinary people. A sample of 350 students (230 females and 120 males) were selected through a sampling from Tehran University students. According to the Pathological Narcissism Inventory screening, 90 students were selected and divided into three groups of grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism and normal. Then they completed the Defense Styles Questionnaire and the Test of Self-conscious Affects. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the shame subscale, and the mean score of the vulnerable group in the shame subscale is greater than the mean of the other two groups, and this difference is significant. Also There was a significant difference in the subscale of guilt between narcissistic phenotypes and the normal group. There is a significant difference in subscales of neurotic defense style and immature defense style between narcissistic phenotypes and the normal group. The results are in support of this theory, which describes the feeling of shame as the core of emotions in narcissistic psychopathology, and the results also suggest that the two phenotypes of narcissism are two different expressions of a single pathology.

The aim of present study was to investigate the role of materialism, hoarding behaviors and narcissism in shopping addiction among female students. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all female students of Islamic Azad University of Birjand, in the academic year 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 250 students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. They completed the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale, Materialistic Values Questionnaire, Hoarding Behaviors Questionnaire and narcissism subscale of measure of the Dark Triad. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that materialism, hoarding behaviors, and narcissism have significant relationship with shopping addiction in female students. Hoarding behaviors and materialism were able to predict the shopping addiction in female students, but narcissism were unable to predict the shopping addiction. According to the results of this study, hoarding behaviors and materialism play an important role in shopping addiction in female students. Thus, attention to these variables in prediction of shopping addiction by researchers, behavioral sciences specialists and therapists is necessary.

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between parenting styles and stress coping strategies with intermediating role of mothers' emotional styles. The research method was descriptive-correlational with path analysis. The population included all 160 mothers of male students in various districts of Ahvaz, who were selected using multistage random sampling. Data collection tools were Séguin and Coplan' Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ), Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory (BPSI) and Endler and Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS). The results were indicative of a significant positive relationship between maternal emotion coaching style, authoritative parenting style and problem solving coping strategy, and there was a negative relationship with authoritarian parenting style and there was a positive relationship with problem solving coping strategy. There was also a significant negative relationship between dismissing maternal emotional style with authoritative parenting style and problem-solving coping strategy and a positive relationship with authoritarian parenting style and avoidant coping strategy Thus, training mothers with emotion coaching style could be useful in effective parent-adolescent communication.

Chemotherapy is one of the most basic treatments for cancer patients, which, along with the treatment of the disease, causes many problems for people with the disease. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on retrospective and prospective memory of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The study population consisted of all women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy who referred to health centers in Tehran. The semi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with control group. From this population, 30 participants were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Cognitive rehabilitation was performed using the Cognitive Memory and Attention Rehabilitation Program.. Data were collected using a retrospective and prospective memory scale of Crawford et al. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant decrease in the retrospective and prospective memory problems in the experimental group compared to the control group. As a result, providing low-cost and useful services such as cognitive rehabilitation can be helpful to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.

The purpose of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on psychological resilience and social empowerment in students with depression symptoms. This study was semi-experimental with pre-test/post-test and a control group. The sample consisted of 28 students with depression symptoms from grades ten to twelve high school in Rasht city in the school year 2018-2019 that were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group 14 individuals). To collect the data, Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale and Gresham and Elliott Social Empowerment Rating System were used before and after treatment. The 10 sessions of schema therapy were implemented for experimental group and no intervention was used for the control group. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that schema therapy were improve psychological resilience and social empowerment in students with depression symptoms. Therefore, schema therapy as a technique can be effective in improving the resilience and social interactions of these students.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral activation and psychosocial rehabilitation on verbal mental cognitive functions, abstraction and attention of women with chronic Schizophrenia. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with chronic schizophrenia of Paravar Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center for Chronic Psychiatric Patients in Shahreza that 45 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into three groups of 15 each with behavioral activation, psychosocial rehabilitation and control. Participants in the two experimental groups completed in 12 sessions of 90-minute psychosocial activation and psychosocial rehabilitation, but the control group received no intervention. Subjects responded to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test in two stages. Research data were analyzed by variance analytical method with repetitive measurement. The result showed that behavioral activation intervention increased verbal mental cognitive effectively and improved attention of women with chronic schizophrenia in the post-test phase. The results also showed that psychosocial rehabilitation could improve the verbal abstraction of women with chronic schizophrenia effectively in two stages, pre-test and post-test, and its effect remained constant over time. Therefore, behavioral activation intervention can be used to improve verbal mental cognitive functions, attention and psychosocial rehabilitation to improve the verbal abstraction of patients with chronic schizophrenia.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psycho-motor relaxation in the Silva method on Behavioral Activation / Inhibition Systems in patients who sufferred from generalized anxiety disorder. This research is a pre-test and post-test type with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder referred to counseling centers in Tehran during the first six months of 2018. Patients were assessed with a generalized anxiety disorder scale, then, thirty of them were selected by available sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received Silva-based psycho-motor relaxation therapy in 8 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions per week); the control group was on the waiting list for two months. Behavioral activation / inhibition systems scale was used in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference in mean scores of behavioral activation / inhibition systems after controlling for pre-test effect. Overall, according to the results of the study, it can be said that Silva-based psycho-motor relaxation has an effect on behavioral activation and reduction of behavioral inhibition in patients who sufferred from generalized anxiety disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback training and mindfulness in improving the executive functions of athlete students' planning. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and follow up with control group. The statistical population of the present study was 150 male athlete students who studied physical education at Kharazmi University in 1396-1397. To this end, 60 male students of physical education at Kharazmi University were randomly assigned to three groups of 20. The first group (neurofeedback) received 16 training sessions individual, twice a week and the second group (mindfulness), received 8 training sessions in group, once a week and the third group (the witness) did not receive any interventions. The research tool was a Tower of London computer planning test. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement ANOVA. The mean of the two experimental groups was significantly different with the control group in the components of test time, delay time for programming, errors and points in the post-test and follow-up stages. However, the mean of experimental groups did not differ significantly. It can be concluded that both neurofeedback education and mindfulness training both improve the planning performance of athlete students, each in their own place can improve the planning functionality.