مجله تحقیقات در ارولوژی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Penile size is of great importance between some men and they are looking for a longer penis. The number of urologists visiting for complaining about short penis is increasing. Therefore, providing a definition of normal penis size can help Iranian physicians and patients.

This study was performed as a cross-sectional descriptive study in 1396-97 at Imam Sajjad Hospital in Tehran. In this study, simple random sampling of 500 soldiers referred to the urology department of Imam Sajjad Hospital. Data were collected by urologists. After collecting the data, it entered the spss21 for analysis.

Our study on Iranian military soldiers consisting of all provinces showed that mean penile flaccid length is 7.87 cm, stretched length is 12.22cm and mid shaft circumference is 8.49 cm. Differences among provinces were not significant. There was no association between age and height with penile parameters.

Our study shows that in Iranian soldiers from every province, there was no significant penile parameter differences nor significant correlation with their height and age. These data may help urologists to reassure and inform men who are concerned about their penile size.

Viral infections are a major problem for transplant recipients. Reactivation of viruses is associated with the use of strong immunosuppressive drugs. Herpes simplex virus infections in renal transplant patients may become severe without treatment. Although the prevalence and role of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 in bone marrow and lung recipients are well known; however, the prevalence of the virus from the time of transplantation to the one-year period after transplantation is vague. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus infections and renal function after transplantation.

In a prospective single-center study we followed 58 renal transplant recipients who received a living or cadaveric kidney transplant at Namazi hospital. Samples were taken from each individual 1 week before transplantation and 2 weeks post-transplantation. The patients were then sampled every 4 weeks up to 52 weeks after transplantation. Urine and blood samples were also collected from 37 organ donors. We investigated the presence of HSV-DNA in the urine and peripheral blood samples of renal transplant recipients using PCR-RFLP. The presence of viral DNA in the urine and peripheral blood samples of living donors were investigated as well. The patients were also examined for any signs or symptoms of renal dysfunction.

HSV-1 DNA was detected in urine samples of only 19% of transplant patients. HSV-2 DNA, however, was not detected in any group of subjects including renal transplant recipients. A significant association was observed between HSV-1 infection among kidney recipients and donors (P=0.002).

Although there was no significant association between HSV-1 infection and renal dysfunction in renal transplant recipients, however, due to life-threatening infections caused by this virus, periodic testing for the presence of HSV-1 is recommended.

The assumed necessity of antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to simple cystoscopy is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis is required before this outpatient procedure.

A total of 162 patients with mean age of 51 years old (range: 12–82 years old) were recruited. They were randomized into two groups: First group did not receive antibiotics (81 patients) and the other group received prophylactic antibiotic before the operation (81 patients with a single dose of ciprofloxacin 500 mg). All patients underwent a diagnostic rigid cystoscopy.  48-72 hours following the operation, urine cultures were taken from all of patients. Further, patients were questioned about newly developed symptoms like dysuria, frequency, urgency and fever after cystoscopy.

Bacteriuria was present in 2/46% of the patients in Group that receive antibiotic, compared to 4/93% in Group that did not receive antibiotic (P = 0/27). Multivariate analysis in two groups showed that positive bacteriuria was not associated with gender (P =0/12), but there was association for older than 60 years age (P = 0/03) as well as cigarette smoking (P = 0/04).

The incidence of the urinary tract infection is not increased without using prophylactic antibiotics.

One of the most effective treatments in the case of curing the patients with advanced renal failure is kidney transplantation. Decades have passed since kidney transplants have begun in Iran and Kermanshah. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of Kermanshah province in comparison with other provinces and the whole country in the field of kidney transplantation.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, survival rate of patients after the transplantation and the transplanted kidney survival were investigated based on Iranian valid sources of information such as SID, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex and internationally validated databases such as PubMed, ISI and Science Direct from 2000 to 2019 surveyed. Keywords of kidney transplantation, survival rate, transplant survival rate, Kermanshah, Iran, and a combination of them were used and analyzed by Random Effects Model.

In 33 studies, 21113 samples were evaluated. Survival rate of 1, 3 and 5 years in patients undergoing renal transplantation in Kermanshah province during the period of 2000-2019 is lower than in other provinces. Also, in Kermanshah province, 1, 3, 5 and 10 years survival rate of all kidney transplants was lower than other provinces.

In Kermanshah, Survival rate of patients and transplant survival in patients is lower than other regions of Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to effective factors in increasing survival of transplant recipients and transplant kidneys as well as increasing renal transplantation studies.

After urinary tract infections and prostate diseases, urolithiasis are the third cause of referral to urological clinics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of urolithiasis with risk factors .

 This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study. The sample size was 200 patients and The data collection tool was a questionnaire containing demographic information and risk factors of kidney stone . Data was entered into IBMSPSS-25 software and  for their analysis of descriptive statistics ; Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficients ,Chi-square test, , factor analysis, cluster analysis , the order and Poisson regression was used.

Using Spearman & Kendall defined that the relationship between the dependent variable of recurrence of stone with demographic variables and risk factors, is about 0.01 meaningful level . With the Chi-square test, it became clear that there is a relationship between juice and tea consume with recurrence and by measuring  symmetry, it was determined that the relationship in terms of power, is in the average. . It was obvious that people with education level of illiterate to BA  has less recurrence and the amount of low mobility causes recurrence Significantly. In Poisson regression with effect of duration of morbidity , it was determined that age between 15-40 years have more recurrence Significantly.

study showed that kidney stones in young men has more recurrence rate. Low mobility, education, the consumption of tea and urinary tract infection have positive and significant relationship with recurrence of stone.